高迁移率族蛋白及其TOLL 样受体4在系统性红斑狼疮肾脏损害中的作用

目的：探讨高迁移率族蛋白1（HMGB1）及其受体TOLL样受体（TLR）-4在系统性红斑狼疮肾脏损害中的作用。方法：ELISA检测12例健康对照组、16例系统性红斑狼疮无肾脏损害（Systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE）和18例合并肾脏损害的系统性红斑狼疮患者（Lupus nephritis,LN）血清中HMGB1表达情况;流式细胞术检测外周血CD3/TLR-4和CD14/TLR-4表达情况;分离外周血单个核细胞,RT-PCR检测HMGB1mRNA的表达变化。结果：血清中HMGB1蛋白在LN组明显高于SLE组和健康对照组,而SLE组和健康对照组之间差异无统计学意义;LN组患者HMGB1mRNA相对表达量均高于对照组和SLE组患者;流式细胞术显示CD14＋的单核细胞表面HMGB1受体TLR4在LN组表达最高（P〈0.05）,且与尿蛋白呈正相关（P〈0.01）,而CD3＋的淋巴细胞表面HMGB1受体TLR4表达率在各组间无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：狼疮性肾炎患者PBMC能主动合成、分泌HMGB1,使患者血清中表达水平明显升高;HMGB1可能部分通过TLR4激活PBMC,介导炎症反应,从而引起肾脏损害。     

HMGB1在系统性红斑狼疮肾损害中的作用

目的 研究高迁移率族蛋白1(high mobility group protein box 1,HMGB1)在系统性红斑狼疮肾损害中的作用.方法 ELISA检测12例健康对照、16例系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)无肾脏损害和14例合并肾脏损害的系统性红斑狼疮患者(lupus nephritis,LN)血清中HMGB1的表达情况.将体外培养的人系膜细胞分为正常对照组和HMGB1刺激组,于培养6、12、24 h后收集细胞,免疫细胞化学检测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达变化;免疫细胞化学和流式细胞术检测Toll样受体2(TLR2)、NF-κB 065蛋白的表达变化.结果 血清中HMGB1蛋白在LN组明显高于SLE组和健康对照组,且血清中HMGB1水平与LN患者的蛋白尿呈显著正相关;人重组HMGB1能够促进系膜细胞增殖;与正常对照组相比,HMGB1刺激组中TLR2、NF-κB p65蛋白表达增强;TLR2蛋白与NF-κB p65蛋白表达呈显著正相关(r=0.658,P=0.000);NF-κB p65蛋白表达与PCNA阳性表达率呈显著正相关(r=0.536,P=0.007).结论 HMGB1是狼疮性肾炎发病中的重要的细胞因子之一,可能部分通过与其受体蛋白TLR2结合激活NF-κB促进系膜细胞增生,从而引起肾脏损害.     

HMGB1在类风湿关节炎疾病活动中的作用及其与EMMPRIN/CD147表达的相关性研究

目的:探讨高迁移率族蛋白(HMGB)1在类风湿关节炎(RA)病情活动中的作用机制.方法:选取RA患者74例(活动期38例、非活动期36例)及健康对照者26例.采用RT-PCR方法检测外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中HMGB1 mRNA的表达,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)方法检测血清中HMGB1蛋白的表达.采用流式细胞术分析CD14+单核细胞表面Toll样受体(TLR)4和EMMPRIN/CD147的表达.结果:活动期RA组HMGB1 mRNA相对表达量和蛋白水平均高于健康对照者和非活动期RA患者[分别为2.63 vs 0.71,0.93和 (10.20±1.24 vs 7.48±1.75,8.31±1.85)ng/ml)](P＜0.01).活动期RA患者CD14+单核细胞上TLR4和CD147的表达量均显著高于非活动期和健康对照组(P＜0.01),非活动期患者显著高于健康对照组(P＜0.01).TLR4和CD147双阳性细胞数量和蛋白的相对表达量在活动期RA患者中均最高.血清中HMGB1蛋白水平与ESR、CRP、RF、及关节X线分期均呈正相关,亦与TLR4和CD147的表达呈正相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:RA患者PBMC具有合成和分泌HMGB1蛋白的功能.HMGB1可能通过与TLR4结合激活CD14+单核细胞并表达CD147,促进其向滑膜组织迁移而加速骨质破坏.     

MMP-9和TIMP-1在高血压合并糖尿病周围神经病大鼠坐骨神经的表达

目的探讨高血压(HTN)合并糖尿病周围神经病(DPN)大鼠模型坐骨神经中基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)和组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)的表达。方法实验大鼠分为正常组、HTN组、DPN组和DPN+HTN组。造模后4w检测各组血糖、血压及坐骨神经传导速度,RT-PCR检测坐骨神经MMP-9mRNA和TIMP-1mRNA表达。结果与正常组和HTN组比较,DPN组和HTN+DPN组血糖显著增高,神经传导速度显著降低(0.01),坐骨神经MMP-9mRNA和TIMP-1mRNA表达显著上调(0.01)。与DPN组比较,HTN+DPN组血压显著增高,神经传导速度显著降低,坐骨神经MMP-9mRNA表达较DPN组上调,TIMP-1 mRNA表达显著下降(0.01)。。结论高血压合并糖尿病周围神经病坐骨神经MMP-9mRNA表达上调,TIMP-1mRNA表达下调,可能与抑制施万细胞和髓鞘形成加剧周围神经损伤相关。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血单个核细胞RECK的表达及其与基质金属蛋白酶-9的关系

目的 探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SEE)患者PBMC RECK(reversion-inducing cysteine-richprotein with kazal motif)的表达及其与基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的关系.方法 分别用Western blot及RT-PCR检测SLE患者及健康对照组PBMC上RECK的蛋白及mRNA水平,同时检测MMP-9mRNA的水平.加入植物血凝素(PHA)刺激后检测3者的表达变化及刺激后MMP-9的分泌情况并与空白对照组比较.结果 与健康对照组相比,患者组RECK蛋白及mRNA水平降低,MMP-9 mRNA水平增高,分泌MMP-9的能力高于健康对照组.与空白对照相比,PHA刺激后,患者组及对照组RECK蛋白及mRNA表达均降低,MMP-9 mRNA水平升高,MMP-9分泌均增多.RECK的表达与MMP-9的分泌呈负相关.结论 RECK可能通过抑制MMP-9的分泌在SEE发病过程中起重要作用,对其的调控可望为SLE治疗提供新的方向.     

骨桥蛋白单抗抑制大鼠肺纤维化的研究

探讨骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)对博莱霉素(bleomycin,BLM)诱导的大鼠肺纤维化肺组织基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、金属基质蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)和Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原mRNA表达的影响。取72只健康雌性Wistar大鼠随机分成生理盐水对照组(NS组)、博莱霉素模型组(BLM组)和骨桥蛋白抗体干预组(OPN-Ab组)各24只,气管内灌注BLM复制肺纤维化模型(BLM组、OPN-Ab干预组),NS组气管内灌注生理盐水,OPN-Ab组于0d、2d、4d、6d尾静脉注射骨桥蛋白抗体(1:32),BLM组和NS组尾静脉注射生理盐水,各组分别于7d、14d、28d处死动物8只。收集肺组织作切片行HE、MASSON染色测定肺泡炎症和纤维化改变,免疫组织化学PAP法测定肺组织中OPN、MMP-9、TIMP-1的表达;RT-PCR测定肺组织Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原mRNA的表达。结果与BLM组比较,在第7天和第14天OPN-Ab组肺泡炎明显减轻(P0.01);而肺纤维化程度在各时间点均明显减轻(P0.05);与NS组比较,BLM组、OPN-Ab组肺组织中OPN、MMP-9、TIMP-1表达水平均显著升高(P0.01)。BLM组第7天OPN、MMP-9、TIMP-1在肺组织中表达水平显著升高,随后下降,第28天时仍高于NS组(P0.01)。与BLM组比较,OPN-Ab组各时间点OPN、MMP-9、TIMP-1表达水平降低(P0.01)。OPN-Ab组第7、14、28天肺组织Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原mRNA表达均较同时间点BLM组明显降低(P0.05)。OPN可能是肺纤维化形成机制中的重要因素,骨桥蛋白抗体可能通过抑制细胞因子MMP-9、TIMP-1表达,减少肺组织中胶原的生成,最终抑制肺纤维化。     

丹参单体IH764-3促进H2O2刺激的鼠肝星状细胞胶原降解

目的观察丹参单体IH764-3对鼠肝星状细胞株(HSCs)基质金属蛋白酶-13(MMP-13)及其组织抑制因子(TIMP-1)表达的影响。方法应用体外细胞培养技术,用RT-PCR检测HSCsMMP-13mRNA水平;原位杂交和Westernblotting技术分别检测上述细胞TIMP-1mRNA和蛋白水平。结果IH764-3干预2h组MMP-13mRNA的表达强度明显上调,同时TIMP-1mRNA表达受抑制;IH764-3干预24h组TIMP-1蛋白表达受抑制。结论丹参单体IH764-3诱导HSCsMMP-13表达,抑制其TIMP-1表达是其抗肝纤维化的作用机制之一。     

RGDS四肽促进大鼠肝星状细胞胶原降解机制的研究

目的：观察精-甘-天冬-丝氨酸（RGDS）四肽对纤维连接蛋白（FN）刺激的大鼠肝星状细胞（HSC）基质金属蛋白酶-13（MMP-13）及其组织抑制因子（TIMP-1）表达的影响。方法：应用体外细胞培养技术，用RT-PCR检测HSC MMP-13mRNA水平；原位杂交和Western blot技术分别检测上述细胞TIMP-1 mRNA和蛋白水平。结果：RGDS四肽干预2h组MMP-13 mRNA的表达强度明显上调，同时TIMP-1 mRNA表达受抑制；RGDS四肽干预24h组TIMP-1蛋白表达受抑制。结论：RGDS四肽诱导HSC MMP-13表达，抑制其TIMP-1表达是其抗肝纤维化的作用机制之一。     

HMGB1/TLR/NF-κB在狼疮性肾炎小鼠肾组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨HMGB1/TLR/NF-κB在狼疮性肾炎小鼠肾组织中的表达及作用机制.方法:选取16周龄的雄性BXSB小鼠(狼疮性肾炎模型)和同周龄C57BL/6 小鼠(正常对照)作为研究对象,透射电镜观察肾组织的超微结构改变;RT-PCR检测肾皮质中HMGB1mRNA的表达变化;免疫组织化学和流式细胞术检测肾组织中HMGB1、NF-κB、TLR2和PCNA蛋白的表达变化.结果:(1) 16周时,BXSB小鼠血清中BUN水平明显升高;(2) 16周时,与正常的C57BL/6 小鼠相比,BXSB基底膜明显增厚,部分足突融合,内皮细胞下可见团块状电子致密物沉积;(3) 狼疮性肾炎模型组小鼠肾组织的肾小球中可见较多的PCNA阳性表达,肾小管上皮细胞核内也可见少量的表达;(4) 与对照组相比,BXSB小鼠肾组织中HMGB1mRNA及蛋白表达升高,HMGB1蛋白尤其在细胞增生明显而肥大的肾小球呈高表达,主要位于细胞浆和细胞外;而在C57BL/6小鼠肾脏组织中以小管细胞核表达为主;(5) 狼疮性肾炎模型组小鼠肾组织p-NF-κB和TLR2蛋白表达明显升高;(6) HMGB1蛋白与p-NF-κB蛋白表达呈显著正相关(r=0.833,P=0.000);p-NF-κB蛋白与TLR2蛋白表达呈显著正相关(r=0.765,P=0.001).结论:(1) HMGB1能促进肾小球固有细胞的增生,导致增生性肾小球肾炎形成;(2) HMGB1在小鼠狼疮性肾炎中的致炎作用可能部分通过结合其受体TLR2,激活NF-κB信号途径而实现的.     

罗格列酮对DM2患者血清MMP-9和TIMP-1影响的研究

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(DM2)患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)和组织抑制因子1(TIMP-1)的变化,以及罗格列酮治疗对其的影响。方法:临床观察采用随机对照方法,选择100例初诊DM2患者和50例正常人对照。将100例DM2患者分为A组和B组,A组常规降糖治疗,B组在常规治疗基础上加服罗格列酮,16周后测定患者治疗前后血清MMP-9及TIMP-1水平。结果:DM2患者血清MMP-9、TIMP-1及MMP-9/TIMP-1水平较正常对照组显著升高(P<0.01);B组治疗前后血清MMP-9、TIMP-1及MMP-9/TIMP-1显著降低(P<0.01),A组治疗前后血清MMP-9、TIMP-1及MMP-9/TIMP-1差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);且MMP-9与TIMP-1之间,MMP-9/TIMP-1与MMP-9、TIMP-1之间均呈正相关。结论:血清MMP-9与TIMP-1可能与DM2发生、发展有关,罗格列酮能显著降低DM2患者MMP-9与TIMP-1水平,纠正MMP-9/TIMP-1比值,以期达到早期诊治,防止DM2大血管病变的目的。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血CD14~+单核细胞表达PD-L1的分析和意义

目的:探讨PD-L1在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血单核细胞(Mo)上的表达及临床意义。方法:应用流式细胞仪检测51例SLE患者和38例健康对照者外周血CD14+Mo表面PD-L1表达水平,比较SLE不活动组、活动组和健康对照组以及狼疮肾炎组和无狼疮肾炎组之间CD14+Mo表面PD-L1表达的百分比,并分析其与临床表现及实验室检查数据的相关性。结果:SLE活动组和稳定组CD14+PD-L1+Mo百分率均高于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。狼疮肾炎患者CD14+PD-L1+Mo百分率高于无狼疮肾炎患者(P<0.05)。SLE患者CD14+PD-L1+Mo百分率与SLEDAI评分、尿蛋白定量呈正相关。SLE患者中抗dsDNA抗体、抗Sm抗体、抗U1snRNP抗体、抗核小体抗体阳性组外周血CD14+PD-L1+单核细胞百分率均高于对应阴性组,且均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:SLE患者外周血CD14+Mo细胞表达PD-L1异常,与病情活动性和抗体产生有关。     

Role of Treg cells and TGF-β1 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a possible relation with lupus nephritis

Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in the maintenance of immune tolerance to self and in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1) is a regulatory cytokine with pleiotropic properties in immune responses. This study was to investigate the role of Treg cells and TGF-β1 in the pathogenesis of patients with lupus nephritis (LN). A total of 42 new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 22 healthy controls were enrolled. The proportion of Treg cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis. The serum and urinary TGF-β1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results demonstrated a significant decrease in the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(high) and CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T cells in LN patients. The concentration of serum TGF-β1 was found decreased in SLE patients, while urinary TGF-β1 levels were significantly higher in LN patients. Based on our results, decreased Treg cells were accompanied with lower serum TGF-β1 levels and higher urinary TGF-β1 levels in LN patients. TGF-?1 levels in serum may play a key role in the pathogenesis of renal impairment while the significantly increased urinary TGF-β1 levels may be used as a biological marker in prediction of lupus nephritis.     

Pathogenic anti-DNA antibodies modulate gene expression in mesangial cells: involvement of HMGB1 in anti-DNA antibody-induced renal injury

Although anti-DNA antibodies have been decisively linked to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis, the mechanisms have not been conclusively determined. Recently, we reported that anti-DNA antibodies may contribute to kidney damage by upregulation of proinflammatory genes in mesangial cells (MC), a process involving both Fc receptor-dependent and independent pathways. In investigating the mechanism by which pathogenic anti-DNA antibodies modulate gene expression in MC, we found that the pathogenic anti-DNA antibody 1A3F bound to high mobility group binding protein 1 (HMGB1), an endogenous ligand for TLR2/4 and RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products). Interestingly, HMGB1 treatment of MC induced a similar pattern of genes as stimulation with 1A3F. Furthermore, HMGB1 and 1A3F exhibited a synergistic proinflammatory effect in the kidney, where increased expression of HMGB1 was found in lupus patients but not in patients with other types of renal disease. TLR2/Fc and RAGE/Fc inhibited the proinflammatory effects of 1A3F on MC. Finally, we found enhanced susceptibility of lupus prone MRL-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) as compared to normal BALB/c derived MC to pathogenic anti-DNA antibody and LPS stimulation (in particular enhanced chemokine synthesis), in addition to significantly increased expression of TLR4. Our results suggest that gene upregulation in MC induced by nephritogenic anti-DNA antibodies is TLR2/4 and RAGE-dependent. Finally, HMGB1 may act as a proinflammatory mediator in antibody-induced kidney damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).     

The alarmin functions of high-mobility group box-1 and IL-33 in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus

‘Alarmins’ are a group of endogenous proteins or molecules that are released from cells during cellular demise to alert the host innate immune system. Two of them, high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and IL-33 shared many similarities of cellular localization, functions and involvement in various inflammatory diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The expressions of HMGB1 and IL-33, and their corresponding receptors RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) and ST2, respectively, are substantially upregulated in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). This review highlights the emerging roles of alarmin proteins in various pathologies of LN, by focusing on classical HMGB1 and a newly discovered alarmin IL-33.     

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 and its natural inhibitor TIMP-1 expressed or secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was involved in inflammation and immune system dysfunctions. Besides immunologic abnormalities, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) also presents chronic inflammatory components. Therefore, a role of MMP-9 in SLE pathology might be supposed. To verify this hypothesis, SLE patients and healthy donors were compared for the MMP-9 and MMP-9 mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the spontaneous secretion of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and the MMP-9 activity. Thus, we found that fresh PBMCs from SLE patients expressed a significantly higher activity of MMP-9 and spontaneously released higher levels of MMP-9, as compared to healthy donors, while the secreted TIMP-1 level was the same for both groups. When the patients were sub-grouped based on disease status, the most increased pro-MMP-9 activity inside the PBMCs was identified for relapse SLE sub-group. A similar observation for SLE patients with positive serum fibrinogen was found. Following culture, the PBMCs from remission SLE patients secreted significantly higher MMP-9 level, than the PBMCs from relapse SLE patients. PBMCs from relapse SLE patients secreted the highest levels of TIMP-1, although this difference was not statistically significant. Taken together, these observations suggested the multiple roles of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in progress of inflammation and tissue damage and/or in repair, depending on clinical stages of SLE.     

外周血CD19+B细胞PD-L1的表达与系统性红斑狼疮发病的相关性分析

目的:探讨程序性死亡配体1(Programmed death ligand-1,PD-L1)在系统性红斑狼疮(Systemic lupus erythema-tosus,SLE)患者外周血B细胞上的表达及临床意义。方法:应用流式细胞仪检测51例SLE患者和38例健康对照者外周血CD19+B细胞表面PD-L1的表达水平,比较SLE稳定组、活动组和健康对照组以及狼疮肾炎组和无狼疮肾炎组之间CD19+B细胞表面PD-L1表达阳性细胞的百分比,并分析其与临床表现及实验室检查数据的相关性。结果:SLE活动组和稳定组CD19+PD-L1+B细胞百分率均低于健康对照组,活动组又低于稳定组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。狼疮肾炎患者CD19+PD-L1+B细胞百分率低于无狼疮肾炎患者(P<0.05)。SLE患者CD19+PD-L1+B细胞百分率与SLEDAI评分、尿蛋白定量、呈负相关,与C3呈正相关。SLE患者中抗dsDNA抗体、抗Sm抗体、抗U1snRNP抗体、抗核小体抗体阳性组外周血B细胞PD-L1表达水平均低于对应阴性组,且均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:SLE患者外周血CD19+B细胞表达PD-L1下降,与病情活动性和抗体产生有很好的相关性。