老年动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄支架置入术后血压变化随访

目的探讨经皮腔内肾动脉支架置入术(percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty with stent,PTRAS)治疗动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis,ARAS)对血压的影响。方法经肾动脉造影确诊的ARAS并施行PTRAS的患者50例,术后随访3-48(16.3±14.8)个月,分析PTRAS术后患者血压水平。结果 50例PTRAS全部成功,术后所有患者血压改善,术后3、6、12个月的收缩压分别为(128.80±18.13)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),(125.41±16.70)mmHg,(129.48±9.67)mmHg;舒张压分别为(71.26±9.62)mmHg,(71.58±5.80)mmHg,(73.84±9.58)mmHg,各时间点分别与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PTRAS术后老年人肾动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者血压水平下降,这种下降趋势至少维持12个月。     

Transradial approach for coronary angioplasty in Chinese elderly patients

Background The radial artery is currently regarded as a useful vascular access site for coronary procedures. This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility and safety of the percutaneous radial artery approach for angioplasty in the elderly.
Methods Two thousand and fifty-eight consecutive patients （762 elderly, age ≥65 years; and 1296 non-elderly, age 〈65 years, respectively） who underwent transradial coronary angioplasty were recruited in this study. Study endpoints included procedure success rate, procedure time, vascular complications at access site, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events during hospitalization.
Results Elderly patients were more likely to present with unstable angina and renal dysfunction. The incidence of radial and brachiocephalic trunk anatomical tortuosity was higher in elderly patients than that in non-elderly patients （11.5% vs 3.7%; 8.9% vs 2.6%, P 〈0.01, respectively）. However, procedural success rate （94.7% vs 95.6%） and total mean procedure time （（67.9±27.3） minutes vs （58.6±38.5） minutes） for transradial coronary angioplasty were not significantly different between the two groups. Clinical course during the hospitalization was slightly worse in the elderly patients because of more adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events after the procedure. However, the incidence of vascular complications was not significantly different between the elderly and non-elderly patients.
Conclusion Although the incidence of radial and brachiocephalic trunk anatomical tortuosity is higher in elderly patients, transradial coronary intervention can be performed with similar safety and procedural success in these patients as compared with non-elderly patients.     

Myasthenia gravis in pediatric and elderly patients

Objective To determine whether the clinical and pathologic characteristics and prognoses of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients below 15 years differ from those patients over 50 years after thymectomy. Methods We reviewed the registry material of 30 pediatric and 32 elderly MG patients after thymectomy, including their age, sex, clinical classification, pathological types, and prognoses. The Chi-square test or Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test was used to determine the statistical differences between the children and elderly groups.Results No significant difference was seen in sex distribution between the two groups (Chi-square test, P=0.625), but there were differences in clinical classification: more type Ⅰ was observed in the pediatric group than in the elderly group, but more type Ⅱor Ⅲ was seen in the elderly group (Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test, P&lt;0.001). As to pathological types, the pediatric group was also significantly different from the elderly group (Chi-square test, P&lt;0.01). All of the patients (100%) in the pediatric group had thymus hyperplasia, but in the elderly group more than half (56.26%) were found to have thymoma (benign or malignant). The prognoses after thymectomy were better in the pediatric group than in the elderly group (Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test, P&lt;0.001). Conclusions Because the prognoses are generally better than those of the elderly patients, we should be careful when operating on pediatric patients of ocular type. The elderly patients tend to receive more aggressive treatment because of more severe generalized types often associated with thymoma and poor prognoses. Both pediatric and elderly patients are seldom associated with other autoimmune disease.     

肾动脉支架术治疗老年难治性高血压病的疗效

目的:观察经皮肾动脉支架置入术(PTRAS)前后老年难治性高血压患者的临床效果.方法:选择2010年9月至2011年9月在郑州市中医院心内科住院治疗的30例难治性高血压患者,经肾动脉造影确诊为动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄,同时行肾动脉支架置入术,观察介入治疗前、后其血压、服药数量及肾功能交化情况.结果:手术成功率为100％,无手术并发症.收缩压由术前(180±15) mm Hg降至(138±8)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),舒张压由(110±16)mm Hg降至(87±6)mm Hg(P＜0.01),口服降压药物由(4±2片)降至(1±1)片(P＜0.01),肌酐和尿素氮在手术前后无明显差异.结论:PTRAS是目前治疗老年难治性高血压的有效方法,具有安全、简便的优点.     

内源性雄激素及雄激素受体水平与老年男性冠心病的相关性

目的 探讨内源性雄激素及雄激素受体(AR)水平与老年男性冠心病的相关性.方法 选择冠状动脉造影证实的老年男性冠心病患者237例,对照组59例.所有患者均检测血清中7种内源性性激素水平,包括游离睾酮(FT)、总睾酮(TT)、雌二醇(E2)、黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡雌激素(FSH)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)及脱氢表雄酮(DHEA),并用流式细胞术检测外周血淋巴细胞AR水平.结果 冠心病组FT水平低于对照组[(24.1±22.2)×10-9mmol/L比(34.1±31.8)× 10-9mmol/L,P=0.06],其余激素水平差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).两组AR阳性率也差异无统计学意义(56.3%±24.0%比57.1%±20.8%,P＞0.05).Logistic回归分析显示FT降低冠心病发病风险(OR=0.98,95%CI0.973～0.997,P=0.0049).FT与AR阳性率之间呈正相关,而年龄与FT和AR阳性率呈负相关.结论 内源性雄激素水平减低在老年男性人群的冠心病发病中有独立作用.FT和AR水平下降,可能与老年男性冠状动脉粥样硬化加速进展有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the correlation of endogenous androgen and androgen receptor (AR) level with coronary artery diseases (CAD) in elderly males and elucidate the potential mechanism of gender difference in the prevalence of CAD. Methods A total of 296 male patients from different centers were divided into the CAD group ( n = 237 ) and the control group ( n = 59 ) according to the results of coronary angiography. Their mean ages were 68.6 ± 6. 8 and 66. 2 ± 6. 5 years old respectively. The serum levels of FT (free testosterone), TT (total testosterone), E2 (estradiol), LH (luteinizing hormone), FSH ( follicle-stimulating hormone ), SHBG ( sex hormone-binding globulin ) and DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) were measured in all participants. And the androgen receptors of peripheral lymphocytes were assessed by flow cytometry. Results The serum level of FT was lower in the CAD group than that in the control group[(24. 1 ±22. 2) × 10-9 mmol/L vs( 34. 1 ±31.8) × 10-9 mmol/l, P =0. 06]. But two groups showed no statistic differences in the levels of TT, E2 , LH, FSH, SHBG, DHEA and lymphocyte AR (56. 3% ± 24. 00 vs 57.1% ± 20. 8% ). As demonstrated by the logistic regression analysis, the level of FT was negatively correlated with the CAD risk ( OR = 0. 98, P = 0. 0049 ) and positively correlated with the peripheral lymphocyte AR level. However age was negatively correlated with the levels of FT and AR. Conclusion The deficiency of endogenous androgen contributes to a high prevalence of CAD in elderly males. The age-related decreases of FT and AR impair the physiological functions of androgen so as to accelerate the progression of coronary atherosclerosis.     

PTRAS治疗动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的临床疗效

目的评价经皮腔内肾动脉支架成形术(PTRAS)治疗动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(ARAS)的临床疗效。方法 28例接受PTRAS的ARAS患者根据肾动脉狭窄程度分为A组(肾动脉狭窄50%~75%,n=10)和B组(肾动脉狭窄≥75%,n=18)。统计手术成功率。随访6~18个月,彩色多普勒超声检查PTRAS后肾动脉通畅情况并测量肾动脉主干收缩期峰值流速(PSV),分析两组患者治疗前后血压和肾功能主要指标血清肌酐(SCr)和肾小球滤过率(GFR)的变化。结果 28例PTRAS患者中,治疗成功27例,技术成功率为96.43%。彩色多普勒超声复查显示:术后肾动脉通畅,肾动脉主干PSV显著降低(P<0.05)。A组PTRAS后收缩压显著下降(P<0.05),服用降压药物种类显著减少(P<0.05);B组治疗前后血压测量值和服用降压药物种类比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组高血压疗效的获益率显著优于B组(P<0.05)。A组PTRAS后SCr显著降低(P<0.05),GFR分级无明显变化,肾功能获益率100%;B组PTRAS后SCr无明显变化,GFR分级显著下降,肾功能获益率81.25%。结论 PTRAS治疗AR...     

Effects of renal artery stenting on renal function and blood pressure in patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease

Objective To study the effects of percutaneous renal artery intervention on renal function and blood pressure in patients with renal artery stenosis. Methods Eighty-seven patients with severe uni- or bi-lateral renal artery stenosis (luminal diameter narrowing ≥70%) and clinical hypertension received renal artery stenting between January 2002 and December 2002. The changes in blood pressure and serum creatinine level and creatinine clearance (CCr) 48 hours after intervention and during 6 months of follow-up were assessed.Results Renal stenting was performed in 98 stenotic arteries of 87 patients, and the procedural success rate was 100%. Serum creatinine level was slightly elevated from (176±21) μmol/L to (179±11) μmol/L (P=0.15) 48 hours after the procedure, but significantly decreased to (149±15) μmol/L at 6 months (P&lt;0.001). CCr was also greatly improved ［(37±11) ml/min before versus (51±8) ml/min at 6 months, P&lt;0.001］. During follow-up, 61% of the patients experienced a normal renal function. Despite conventional medical treatment, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also significantly decreased after stenting ［(163±23)/(96±13) mm Hg before versus (148±12)/(79±15) mm Hg at 6 months, all P&lt;0.001］, and hypertension was well controlled in 67% of the patients at 6 months’ follow-up.Conclusion Renal artery stenting has a high success rate and is effective in improving renal function and blood pressure for patients with severe renal artery stenosis.     

Plasma Homocysteine and Gene Polymorphisms Associated with the Risk of Hyperlipidemia in Northern Chinese Subjects

To examine the relationship between occurrence of hypedipidemia,plasma homocysteine and polymorphisms of methylenetetra hydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and methionine synthase (MS) gene.Methods A total of 192 hyperlipidemia patients were selected and divided into hypercholesterolemia group,hypertriglyceridemia group,and combined hyperlipidemia group.Another 208 normal individuals were selected as control.Total plasma homocysteine (tHcy)concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Lipid profiles were measured for all subjects.The polymorphisms of MTHFR gene C677T and MS gene A2756G were analyzed by PCR-RFLP.Results The tHcy concentration in the combined hyperlipidemia patients was significantly higher than that in the control (15.95 μmol/L vs 13.43 μmol/L,P＜0.05).The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) in the combined hyperlipidemia group was significantly higher than that in the control (42.2% vs 23.0%,P=0.015),with the odds ratio (OR) of 3.339 (95%CI:1.260-8.849).The hyperlipidemia patients with Hhcy had a higher concentration of total cholesterol (TC) than that in the normal they patients (5.67±0.95 mmol/L vs 5.47±0.92 mmol/L,P=0.034).There was no significant difference in genotype or allele frequencies of MTHFR C677T between the hyperlipidemic and control groups.The hyperlipidemia patients with MTHFR CT/TT genotype had a higher concentration of triglyceride (TG) than those with CC genotype (2.24±1.75 mmol/L vs 1.87±0.95 mmol/L,P＜0.05).Individuals with CT/TT genotype had a higher concentration of tHey than those with 677CC genotype both in the hyperlipidemia group (12.61±1.24 μmol/L vs 11.20±1.37 μmol/L,P＜0.05) and in the control group (14.04±1.48 μmol/L vs 12.61±1.24 μmol/L,P＜0.05).The percentage of MS 2756 GG/AG genotype in the combined hyperlipidemia group was significantly higher than that in the control (26.7% vs 13.0%,P=0.012),with the OR of 3.121 (95%CI:1.288-7.651).The hyperlipidemia patients with MS 2756AG/GG genotype had a higher concentration of TC (5.87±0.89 mmol/L vs 5.46±0.93 mmol/L,P＜0.05) and LDL-C (3.29±0.81 mmol/L vs 2.94±0.85 mmol/L,P＜0.05)than those with AA genotype.However,individuals with 2756AG/GG genotype showed no significant difference in tHcy among those with AA genotype.Conclusion Hhcy and MS A2756G mutation may be the risk factors for combined hyperlipidemia.Further study is needed to confirm the role of Hhcy and MS A2756G mutation in the development of hyperlipidemia.     

老年冠心病患者血压、血糖及血脂达标率的现况调查

目的 探讨影响老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CHD)患者血压、血糖及血脂达标的相关因素.方法 连续入选2006年6月至2007年1月,66家医院的心内科门诊被诊断为CHD的患者2420例(年龄均＞65岁,其中男1441例,占59.5%)进行横断面调查.结果 老年CHD患者血压达标率为24.8%(599/2420),女性低于男性[213例(21.8%)比386例(26.8%),P＜0.01];血脂达标率为36.5%(884/2420),女性明显低于男性[281例(28.7%)比603例(41.8%),P＜0.01],且老年CHD患者的血脂达标率随着年龄的增加而升高(P＜0.05);血糖达标率为61.0%(1476/2420).进行二分类Logistic向前逐步回归分析显示影响血压达标的相关因素的比值比(OR)值分别为:女性1.245[95%可信区间(CI):1.016～1.527]、高血压史2.889(95%CI:2.319～3.599)、利尿剂0.689(95%CI:0.538～0.883)、硝苯地平0.405(95%CI:0.170～0.964);影响血脂达标的相关因素的OR值分别为:女性1.750(95%CI:1.252～2.445)、高血压病程10～20年3.988(95%CI:1.951～8.152)、高血压病程20～30年2.158(95%CI:1.075～4.333)、糖尿病史3.026(95%CI:1.986～4.610)、血脂异常史2.166(95%CI:1.549～3.030)、治疗性生活方式改变(TLC)0.493(95%CI:0.302～0.805);影响血糖达标的相关因素的OR值分别为:糖尿病史3.191(95%CI:2.259～4.507)、TLC 0.690(95%CI:0.528～0.902)、利尿剂1.507(95%CI:1.150～1.975)、钙离子拮抗剂(CCB)0.718(95%CI:0.579～0.890)、口服降糖药0.477(95%CI:0.235～0.969).结论 我国老年CHD患者的血压、血脂和血糖达标率均较低,尤其是血压及血脂达标率亟待提高.老年女性CHD患者的血压及血脂达标率均显著低于男性.应针对影响我国老年CHD患者血压、血脂及血糖达标的相关因素,积极规范进行降压、调脂及降糖治疗,同时应加强对老年人群的综合管理,尤其需关注老年女性CHD患者.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the current status of treatment goals for blood pressure, serum lipids and blood glucose in the elderly patients (＞65 years old) with coronary heart disease (CHD) in China and to identify their associated factors. Methods In this cross-sectional survey, the CHD subjects aged ＞65 years old were recruited from 66 hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Xinjiang from June 2006 to January 2007. Results A total of 2420 participants, including 1441 males and 979 females. Their mean age was (73 ± 6) years. The targeted blood pressure was systolic blood pressure ＜ 130 mm Hg( 1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) and diastolic blood pressure ＜80 mm Hg. And the success rate was 24.8% (559/2420). The blood pressure achievement rate among the females was 21.8%(213/979). And it was lower than 26. 8% (386/1441 ) among the males (P ＜0.01). The serum lipids goal of achievement was LDL-C ( low density lipoprotein-cholesterol) ＜ 2.6 mmol/L for the high-risk patients and LDL-C ＜ 2.07 mmol/L especially for the super-high-risk patients. The success rate for achieving the target LDL-C level was 36. 5% (884 cases). The LDL-C achievement rate among the females was 28. 7% (281 cases). And it was obviously lower than 41. 8% (603 cases) among the males (P ＜0.01). The success rate for achieving the target LDL-C level increased with aging ( P ＜ 0. 05). The blood glucose goal of achievement was FPG ( fasting plasma glucose) ＞ 4.4 mmol/L and FPG ＜ 6. 1 mmol/L The success rate for achieving the target blood glucose level was 61. 0% (1476/2420). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the independent risk factors of achieving the blood pressure target for the elderly CHD patients were female, history of hypertension, diuretics and nifedipine. The odds ratio (OR) of these risk factors were 1. 245 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1. 016 - 1. 527], 2. 889 (95% CI: 2. 319 -3. 599),0.689 (95% CI: 0.538 -0.883), 0.405 (95%CI: 0. 170-0.964) respectively. The independent risk factors of achieving the serum lipids target for the elderly CHD patients were female, the duration of hypertension of 10 -20 years, the duration of hypertension of 20 -30 years, diabetic history or dyslipidemia and therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC). The OR of these risk factors were 1.750 (95% CI: 1. 252 -2.445), 3.988 (95%CI: 1.951 -8.152), 2.158 (95%CI: 1.075-4.333), 3.026 (95%CI: 1.986-4.610), 2.166 (95% CI: 1.549 -3.030) and 0.493 (95%CI: 0.302 -0.805) respectively. The independent risk factors of achieving the blood glucose target for the elderly CHD patients were diabetic history, TLC, diuretics, calcium channel blocker ( CCB) and hypoglycemic drugs. The OR of these risk factors were 3. 191 (95% CI: 2. 259 - 4. 507), 0. 690 (95% CI: 0. 528 - 0. 902 ) , 1. 507 (95% CI:1.150-1.975), 0.718 (95%CI: 0.579 -0.890) and 0.477 (95%CI: 0.235 -0.969) respectively.Conclusion In the present survey, the achievement rates of blood pressure, serum lipids and blood glucose are low in the elderly CHD patients, especially in females. There has been a huge gap between the treatment guidelines and clinical practices in China. We should carry out different strategies according to different conditions to enhance the health and life quality for the elderly CHD patients.     

Clinical profile and outcomes of atrial fibrillation in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction

Background Atrial fibrillation （AF） occurs commonly in patients with acute myocardial infarction （MI） and is associated with an increased long-term mortality. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of AF in in-hospital elderly Chinese patients with acute MI.
Methods A total of 967 patients with acute MI, aged 〉65 years, were categorized on the basis of the absence or presence of AF. Patients with documented AF were classified into two subgroups： the ongoing AF group and the new-onset AF group. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical profile, in-hospital outcomes, and effects of revascularization on the incidence of AF in elderly patients with acute MI.
Results AF was documented in 100 （11.53%） patients and the incidence of new-onset AF was 6.51% during hospitalization. History of old MI and cerebrovascular events were more common in patients with AF than in those without AF （P 〈0.001, P 〈0.01, respectively）. The incidence of AF was higher in patients with non-ST elevated MI （P=0.014）, inferior wall MI （P=0.004） and cardiac function of Killip class Ⅲ or Ⅳ （P=-0.008）. Patients with AF had more complication of pneumonia （P=0.003） and longer hospital stay. Left circumflex coronary artery involvement was more common in patients with AF （compared with patients without AF, P 〈0.001）. Percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting significantly decreased the incidence of new-onset AF from 7.97% to 3.82% （P=0.017）. AF depended to heart failure, increased the in-hospital mortality.
Conclusions AF is common in elderly patients with acute MI and is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Revascularization reduces the incidence of AF and thus improves the clinical outcomes in these patients.     

老年与非老年2型糖尿病患者肾脏损害的特点及影响因素

目的 探讨老年与非老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者肾脏损害的特点及影响因素.方法 回顾性分析中华医学会糖尿病学分会对住院糖尿病患者慢性并发症调查的临床资料,筛选出符合要求T2DM患者共1351例,根据24 h尿白蛋白排泄率(AER)水平分为正常白蛋白尿组(AER<30 mg/24 h)、微量白蛋白尿组(30≤AER<300 ms/24 h)和大量白蛋白尿组(AER≥300 ms/24 h);采用改良的MDRD公式计算肾小球滤过率(eGFR),对老年(≥60岁)与非老年T2DM患者的肾脏损害特点,及其影响因素进行比较分析.结果 (1)T2DM正常白蛋白尿组和微量白蛋白尿组伴eGFR下降的比例在老年组明显高于非老年组(26.7%比15.8%,P<0.01;30.5%比21.3%,P<0.05);(2)正常白蛋白尿伴eGFR下降的T2DM患者中,老年患者糖尿病平均病程(7.7年比3.8年)、收缩压[(146±24)mm Hg比(134±23)mm Hg]、舒张压[(84±13)mm Hg比(80±11)mm Hg]、合并高血压(37.8%比21.1%)、发生糖尿病视网膜病变(34.1%比23.9%)、发生心、脑血管病变(31.6%比11.3%及24.4%比9.9%)均明显高于非老年(P<0.05或0.01);(3)多因素回归分析显示糖尿病病程(OR=1.046,P=0.013)和收缩压(OR=1.014,P=0.002)是影响老年T2DM正常白蛋白尿组eGFR下降的主要危险因素;收缩压(OR=1.042,P=0.000)和餐后2 h血糖(OR=1.048,P=0.002)则是影响非老年T2DM正常白蛋白尿组eGFR下降的主要危险因素.结论 老年T2DM患者较非老年T2DM患者更易出现以eGFR下降为早期表现的肾脏损害;收缩压是老年和非老年T2DM患者正常白蛋白尿期eGFR下降的主要危险因素,控制血压可能延缓肾功能损害.     

肾功能衰竭伴充血性心力衰竭老年患者血液循环力学临床研究

目的探讨肾功能衰竭伴充血性心力衰竭（CHF）老年患者血液循环力学的变化规律。方法选择210例肾功能衰竭伴充血性心力衰竭患者,其中老年患者组（A组）与中年患者组（B组）各105例,对其血液循环力学,心脏泵血功能等进行检测和数据统计。结果CVP[（27．3±10．2）cmH20与（24．1±10．8：）cmH20,t=2．435,P三0．0201、ECV[（4371±1338）mL与（3112±1020）mL,t=7．597,P=0．0001、SV[（168±49）mL与（115±43）mL,t=7．798,P=0．0001、CO[（14．3±3．8）L／min与（12．1±4．0）L／min,t=4．768,P=0．0001、LDV[（385±151）mL与（260±89）mL,t=7．854,P=0．000]、LSV[（224±95）mL与（136±60）mL,t=7．201,P=0．000],A组均高于B组。EP[（177±30）mmHg与（182±25）mmHg,t=2．314,P=-0．013]、心肌负变力系数[（0．612±0．150）与（0．691±0．191）,t=3．120,P=0．001]、射血分数[（0．431±0．032）与（0．442±0．034）,t=2．501,P=0．020]、舒张N[（88±15）mmHg与（110±20）mmHg,t=8．221,P=0．000]、系统总阻抗[（950±211）gcm^-1s^-1与（1215±298）gcm^-1s^-1,t=7．098,P=0．000]、SBP[（163±24）mmHg与（174±21）mmHg,t=3．513,P=0．001],A组均低于B组。DBP（x^2=16．501,P=0．000,OR=0．761,95％CI：0．712～0．795）、收缩压（x^2=12．034,P=0．000,OR=1．152,95％CI：1．090～1．210）、射血阻力（x^2=17．901,P=0．000,OR=0．702,95％CI：0．860～0．955）、中心静脉压（x^2=14．598,P=0．000,OR=0．761,95％CI．0．661～0．735）、左室舒张末期容量（x^2=21．104,P=0．000,OR=0．953,95％CI：0．890～0．990）．均是引发老年肾功能衰竭患者并发充血性心力衰竭的高危因子。结论肾功能衰竭伴充血性心力衰竭老年患者的容量负荷增加。心肌收缩功能和心脏压力负荷下降。     

血压对老年冠心病患者颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度和斑块的影响研究

目的：探讨老年冠心病患者血压对颈动脉内膜‐中膜厚度（CIM T ）和斑块的影响。方法选择吉林大学第一临床医院2012年1～12月期间就诊的老年冠心病并发高血压患者100例,经流行病学调查,测量血压,彩色多普勒超声测定CIM T和颈动脉斑块,应用多元线性回归模型、Logistic回归模型分析血压对CIM T和颈动脉斑块的影响。结果共纳入患者100例,其中,男48例,CIM T为（0．7 ± 0．1）mm ,斑块检出率45．8％;女52例,CIM T为（0．7 ± 0．1）mm ,斑块检出率34．6％,男女斑块检出率比较差异有统计学意义（χ2＝5．609,P＝0．018）。多元回归模型分析,调整影响因素后,男SBP每升高1 mm Hg ,CIMT 厚度增加0．00114 mm ;脉压每升高1 mm Hg ,CIM T厚度增加0．00118 mm。Logistic回归模型显示,高血压3级检出纳入斑块数大于1的发生风险是高血压1级的2．115倍（OR＝2．115,95％ CI：1．128～3．966,P＝0．020）。结论老年冠心病患者并发高血压,尤其在男性患者中收缩压越高、脉压越大,颈动脉CIM T厚度越大,颈动脉斑块发生的风险越高;高血压是老年冠心病患者动脉粥样硬化的危险因素。     

动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的发病趋势

目的 了解当前动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄（ARAS）的发病情况、临床特点和治疗现状。方法 分析北京大学第一医院1979年至2003年间经肾动脉造影证实为肾动脉狭窄的144例患者中87例ARAS患者的患病情况、临床特点、治疗方式和预后,并与其他原因引起的肾动脉狭窄的患者进行比较研究。结果 ALIAS占肾动脉狭窄病因的60．4％,分别占1979-1990和1991-2003年间肾动脉狭窄病因构成比的28．9％及71．7％。高血压见于93．1％的ARAS患者,37．9％出现近期高血压进展。狭窄度50％-74％的ARAS患者发生肾功能不全的比例为11．2％,狭窄度≥75％的ARAS患者发生肾功能不全的比例为35．8％,均高于相同狭窄度其他病因的肾动脉狭窄患者（均P〈0．05）。60．9％的ARAS患者采用单纯药物治疗,18．8％的患者采用介入治疗。ARAS患者的高血压控制率和肾功能有效率分别从1990年前54．5％和63．6％提高到1990年后的83．9％和85．5％。同时期内相同狭窄程度、相同血肌酐水平采用药物及介入治疗的患者相比,高血压控制有效率与肾功能有效率差异无统计学意义。结论 ALIAS已成为当前肾动脉狭窄的首要病因。联合应用多种降压药物或介入治疗对控制高血压和肾功能有相似的疗效。     

肾动脉狭窄介入治疗的疗效分析

目的评价经皮肾动脉成形术血运重建对于肾动脉狭窄患者的血压、肾功能等方面的影响。方法2004年2月-2008年4月我院收治的肾动脉狭窄患者201例（管腔狭窄≥70％）,经肾动脉成形术重建。肾动脉血运。其中138例患者术后平均随访（13±10）月,观察其血压、降压药物、肾功能的变化。结果201例患者肾动脉成形术成功率96％。病变动脉管腔直径狭窄率由70％±11％降至12％±10％。术后随访138例患者血压下降有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,收缩压由（20．1±3．3）kPa降至（18．3±2．1）kPa,舒张压由（10．9±2．0）kPa降至（10．3±1．5）kPa;口服降压药品种减少（P〈0．01）,由平均（2．4±1．2）种降至（1．8±0．9）种;术后1至23个月发生支架内再狭窄14例,非开口病变是再狭窄的危险因素。结论肾动脉狭窄患者经皮肾动脉成形术的手术成功率高,并有助于此类患者血压的长期控制,支架内再狭窄与肾动脉狭窄病变部位相关。     

支架置入术对肾动脉狭窄患者血压和分肾肾功能的影响

目的评价肾动脉支架置入（PARAS）的安全性及对肾动脉狭窄（RAS）血压和患侧肾肾功能的影响。方法对109例RAS患者行PTRAS。男63例（58%）,女46例（42%）。年龄18～79岁,平均为（61±5）岁。病因分别为肾动脉粥样硬化89例（81.7%）,多发性大动脉炎15例（13.7%）,肌纤维发育不良3例（2.8%）,移植术后狭窄2例（1.8%）。随访12～48个月,平均24±2个月,观察测定患者血压、分肾肾小球滤过率（SKGFR）及降压药的应用情况。结果109例149条肾动脉行PTRAS后管腔直径狭窄从74%～100%（84.2±11.8）%降至0%～25（6.5±5.3）%,管腔最小直径从0～1.6mm（1.2±0.8）mm增至4.8mm～7.5mm（5.8±0.8）mm。技术成功率98%（107/109）。2例肾动脉残留狭窄35%。无肾动脉破裂及夹层发生。收缩压由术前平均165±25mmHg降至随访时平均141±20mmHg（P〈0.01）,舒张压由术前平均95±12mmHg,降至随访时83±10mmHg。（P〈0.01）。高血压治愈13例（12%）,改善61例（56%）,无效37例（34%）,总有效率（68%）。降压药物种类由术前3.2±1.0种降至术后2.3±1.1种（P〈0.05）。SKGFR总体升高,由术前平均31±13ml/min,升至术后平均35±14ml/min,（P〈0.01）。分肾肾功能改善55例（37%）,稳定81（54%）,恶化13（9%）。PTRAS的并发症总计（11/109,10%）,5例术后发生急性肾功能不全,其中2例为可逆性。1例出现股动脉穿刺点假性动脉瘤,5例出现股动脉穿刺点出血。结论PTRAS对RAS安全有效,有助于患者控制血压,减少口服降压药,维持和改善肾功能。     

老年难治性高血压患者动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的发病状况及危险因素分析

目的 调查老年难治性高血压患者动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(ARAS)的发病状况,并分析其危险因素,为临床早期诊治ARAS提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2016年2月—2021年2月在西安交通大学第一附属医院心内科门诊就诊的老年难治性高血压患者216例的临床资料,根据肾动脉彩超和造影结果分为ARAS组(48例)和非ARAS组(168例)。比较2组临床资料,并分析患者发生ARAS的危险因素。结果 216例患者肾动脉超声提示ARAS共62例(28.70%),经肾动脉造影结果确诊ARAS共48例(22.22%)。ARAS组合并糖尿病、高脂血症、外周血管疾病、冠心病、肾功能不全比例分别为47.92%(23/48)、68.75%(33/48)、39.58%(19/48)、54.17%(26/48)、52.08%(25/48),明显高于非ARAS组[30.36%(51/168)、51.19%(86/168)、18.45%(31/168)、34.52%(58/168)、26.79%(45/168),均P<0.05];多因素logistic回归分析显示,合并外周血管疾病(OR=2.651,95%CI:1...     

粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的腔内治疗及术前评估

目的 评价腔内治疗粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(ARAS)的效果,探讨术前评估指标.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2016年5月海南省人民医院血管外科应用经皮肾动脉支架成形术(PTRAS)治疗的56例单侧ARAS患者的临床资料.检测并比较术前和术后随访期间患者肾动脉狭窄率、阻力指数(RI)、收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、收缩压、舒张压、服用降压药物种数、肾小球滤过率(GFR)、血肌酐(SCr)等指标.根据术后6个月肾功能和/或高血压改善情况将患者分为有效组42例和无效组14例,比较两组患者术前各项指标.结果 本组56例患者成功完成PTRAS;术后6个月随访结果显示,治疗侧肾动脉狭窄率(13.7±1.3)％、RI(0.61±0.07)、PSV(85.7±10.8)cm/s、收缩压(135.1±9.2)mmHg、舒张压(87.9±7.4)mmHg、服用降压药物(1.6±0.4)种、SCr(132.3±20.8)μmol/L、GFR(58.5±6.0)mL/min,分别与术前对比,除舒张压以外的其他各项指标均显著性改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);有效组和无效组患者术前的高血压病程、收缩压、SCr、GFR、血管紧张素(Ang)Ⅱ浓度、合并糖尿病等指标比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 PTRAS治疗ARAS具有较好的总体疗效,而术前评估相关指标有助于预测PTRAS的个体疗效.     

不同剂量缬沙坦联合氨氯地平治疗老年高血压的临床效果评价简

目的 研究不同剂量缬沙坦联合氨氯地平治疗老年高血压的临床效果.方法 将2011年1月～2012年12月临安市人民医院收治的160例老年高血压患者纳入研究,随机分为给予不同剂量缬沙坦联合氨氯地平治疗的观察组和对照组,分别于治疗前和治疗后3个月时检测血压情况、肾功能情况,并分析血压与肾功能的相关性.结果 ①治疗后,观察组与对照组患者的24 h平均收缩压（24 h SBP）[（121.8±15.9）mmHg比（122.6±14.7）mmHg,t=1.038,P＞0.05,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa]、24 h平均舒张压（24 h DBP）[（72.8±9.8）mm Hg比（73.1±13.1）mm Hg,t=0.938、P＞0.05]差异无统计学意义,24 h平均收缩压变异度（24 h SBPV）[（8.4±1.4）mm Hg比（13.8±1.9）mm Hg,t=6.832,P＜0.05]、24 h平均舒张压变异度（24 h DBPV）[（6.9±1.9）mm Hg比（10.8±2.4）mmHg,t=6.384,P＜0.05]均低于对照组;②治疗后,观察组患者的血肌酐[（82.8±11.3）μmol/L比（121.8±15.3）μmol/L,t=5.893,P＜0.05]、血尿素氮[（4.3±0.9）mmol/L比（6.5±0.8）mmol/L,t=5.374,P＜0.05]、24 h尿蛋白[（0.23±0.03）g比（0.48±0.06）g,t=6.842,P＜ 0.05]水平均低于对照组,内生肌酐清除率[（99.5±14.5）mL/min比（89.5±13.8）mL/min,t=4.982,P＜ 0.05]高于对照组;③收缩压和舒张压水平均与血肌酐、血尿素氮、24 h尿蛋白水水平呈正相关关系,与内生肌酐清除率呈负相关关系.结论 加倍剂量缬沙坦联合氨氯地平治疗有助于减小血压昼夜变异度,改善肾功能状况,对于老年高血压的治疗具有积极价值.