胃癌外科临床数据挖掘系统的构建与实现

目的 开发一款符合国际标准和临床应用习惯、适合回顾性及前瞻性临床研究、科学合理地进行肿瘤外科临床数据管理并能进行临床数据挖掘的软件系统,以满足胃癌外科多中心、大样本临床数据分析需要.方法 结合日本胃癌规约（JGCA）第13、14版及UICC分期系统,确定临床核心数据项目,根据数据挖掘理论和临床工作思路合理设计数据结构和控制逻辑,采用Microsoft Visual Basic、Vista DB等进行编程.结果 历时近1年的开发和完善,南方医科大学南方医院使用该软件系统回顾性录入600余例胃癌临床数据资料,建立起包含近4000项临床指标的、内置数据挖掘功能的数据库系统,各项功能指标经实践检验达到设计要求.该软件作为中国腹腔镜胃癌外科研究组的数据平台,已在全国内地和香港地区30家医院参与的第一期临床研究项目＂腹腔镜胃癌手术可行性的回顾性多中心研究＂中成功运行.数据挖掘功能达到预期目标,能可视化地进行复杂搜索,统计分析功能可对数据进行描述性分析.记录和数据的导入、导出满足了进行交流的需要,导出数据格式与所有统计软件兼容,无数据传输错误.结论 本软件系统在胃癌外科临床研究领域具有广泛的应用前景和网络化升级扩展的潜能.     

腹腔镜辅助及开腹手术在结直肠癌中的近期临床疗效比较

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助手术及开腹手术在结直肠癌患者中的近期临床疗效。方法本研究采用回顾性病例对照研究,将2015年6月至2017年2月本院收治的80例结直肠癌患者分为腹腔镜辅助组和开腹组,每组40例,分别实施腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术和开腹结直肠癌根治术。比较两组手术相关指标,术后并发症发生情况及标本肿瘤学指标。结果腹腔镜辅助组手术时间长于开腹组,住院总费用明显多于开腹组,切口长度明显短于开腹组,术中出血量明显少于开腹组,术后首次排气及排便时间、开始进流食时间、下床活动时间均明显早于开腹组,术后住院时间明显短于开腹组,术后并发症总发生率明显低于开腹组,经比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组标本肿瘤学指标比较均无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术可降低术后并发症发生率、缩短住院时间、促进患者术后胃肠功能的恢复。     

腹腔镜及开腹结直肠癌根治术的临床对比

目的:比较腹腔镜和传统开腹结直肠癌根治术的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析由同一手术组完成的45例腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术和同期49例开腹结直肠癌根治术患者的临床资料对比两组的手术安全性、手术时间、出血量、术后恢复、肿瘤根治性随访结果.结果:两组均无严重并发症,均无手术死亡病例.腹腔镜组在术中失血、术后恢复、住院时间、术后止痛药剂量、并发症发生率、进食时间明显优于开腹组(P＜0.05),但在切除标本中淋巴结个数与开腹组无差统计学异(p＞0.05).结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术创伤小、术后恢复快、安全可靠.     

腹腔镜和开腹结直肠癌手术器官损伤的Meta分析

目的 探讨结直肠癌腹腔镜手术和开腹手术中器官损伤发生率的差异.方法 收集1970年1月至2011年7月Cochrane数据中心、MEDLINE、EMBASE和CNKI数据库,公开发表的临床随机对照研究以及相关的科学会议文摘文献,用Meta分析方法评价腹腔镜和开腹结直肠癌根治术中肠损伤、实质器官损伤的发生率.结果 全部数据在9个临床随机对照研究中获取.4410例患者被纳入研究,2331例是腹腔镜手术组,2079例是开腹手术组.在腹腔镜组中术中肠损伤发生率比开腹组高(OR=1.84,P=0.03).术中实质器官的损伤在两组中差异无统计学意义(OR=0.79,P=0.52).结论 腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术肠损伤的发生率比开腹手术高.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治性手术的疗效分析

探讨腹腔镜应用于结直肠癌根治术的临床疗效及安全性。将本院收治的122例结直肠癌患者随机分为腹腔镜手术组（LS组）和开腹手术组（0S组）,并分别给予腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术及传统开腹结直肠癌根治术。术后比较两组患者的围手术期指标及术后并发症的发生情况,随访3年观察两组患者的复发转移及远期生存率。腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术能够达到与开腹手术相同的疗效,且具有出血少、恢复快、住院时间短等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜下结直肠癌切除术18例

目的研究腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的可行性及临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2006年4月至2009年1月18例腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术病人的临床资料。结果顺利完成腹腔镜手术16例,中转开腹手术2例,无手术死亡病例。术后发生切口感染2例,无吻合口漏、吻合口狭窄发生。术后随访4～30个月,无切口及穿刺孔种植转移。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术具有操作安全、康复快、创伤小等优点,可以达到开腹根治术的效果。     

腹腔镜直肠癌手术的研究现状

通过复习近年国际上针对腹腔镜和机器人辅助腹腔镜直肠癌手术的文献报道,特别是中低位直肠癌手术的随机和非对随机对照试验,讨论当前腹腔镜直肠癌手术的研究现状。虽然腹腔镜直肠癌根治术已被证实安全可行,且与传统开腹手术有相同的肿瘤学疗效,但目前为止,关于腹腔镜直肠癌手术的多中心随机对照研究有限。当前,开腹手术仍是直肠癌外科治疗的标准术式。近年来。机器人手术在其他外科领域被成功应用,但在直肠癌手术中正处于探究阶段。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术与开放手术远期疗效的对比研究

目的 比较腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术与开腹手术的远期临床疗效.方法系统性回顾分析2008年1月至2011年1月5年间在本院行结直肠癌根治性手术的80例患者的临床资料,根据其手术方式分为腹腔镜手术组和开腹手术组,每组40例,比较两组患者的一般资料、手术时间、手术出血量、淋巴结数目、肛门排气时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症及术后无瘤生存率.结果腹腔镜组和开腹手术组相比较,出血量（120ml vs 150 ml）、肛门排气时间（3.5天vs 4.5天）、术后住院时间（13天 vs 15天）,腹腔镜组优于开腹手术组（P〈0.05）;两组手术时间（210分钟 vs 200分钟）、淋巴结数目（10 vs 9）及术后并发症发生率（22% vs 26%）差异无统计学意义;腹腔镜组术后5年无瘤生存率为60.5%,开腹手术组为50.5%,两组之间的差异无统计学意义.结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术与开腹手术的远期疗效差异无统计学意义,腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术有望成为结肠癌的手术治疗的标准术式,值得推广使用.     

腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术对凝血、纤维蛋白溶解指标及下肢深静脉血栓形成的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术对凝血、纤维蛋白溶解指标及下肢深静脉血栓形成(LEDVT)的影响.方法 收集2017年6月至2019年5月河北北方学院附属第一医院收治的122例结直肠癌患者的临床资料,按照手术方法不同将患者分为腹腔镜组(n=62,行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术)和开腹组(n=60,行开腹手术).比较两组患者...     

腹腔镜在中低位直肠癌外科治疗中的价值与评价

腹腔镜中低位直肠癌手术的技术安全性和可行性得到了大量临床研究的证实,其术后恢复快、疼痛轻、住院时日短等微创意义日趋明显。腹腔镜下可以严格遵守全直肠系膜切除和肿瘤学原则,保证了肿瘤学安全性。腹腔镜应用于新辅助放化疗直肠癌的安全性也得到了初步论证,在肛门括约肌保留和术后性功能及排尿功能影响等方面可能较开腹更有优势。最新的临床研究结果肯定了腹腔镜在中低位直肠癌外科治疗中的应用价值,显示了乐观的前景,但其临床应用仍需多中心前瞻性随机对照研究数据的支持。     

Utilization of laparoscopy in colorectal surgery for cancer at academic medical centers: does site of surgery affect rate of laparoscopy?

Use of laparoscopy in colorectal cancer surgery is still limited. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of use of laparoscopic colorectal surgery for cancer at academic medical centers and to evaluate if the site of surgery influences the rate of use. Clinical data of patients who underwent laparoscopic or open colon and rectal resections for cancer from 2007 to 2009 were obtained from the University HealthSystem Consortium database. Data concerning rate of laparoscopy, length of stay, morbidity, and risk-adjusted mortality were obtained. During the 36-month study period, 22,780 operations were performed. The overall rate for use of laparoscopy was 14.8 per cent. Laparoscopy was most often used for total colectomy (22.6%), sigmoid colectomy (17.3%), cecectomy (17.1%), and right hemicolectomy (17.0%). Laparoscopy was most infrequently used for abdominoperineal resection (8.0%), transverse colectomy (10.0%), and left hemicolectomy (13.1%). Length of stay for laparoscopic colon and rectal procedures was 3.2 days shorter than for open surgery. Although the benefits of laparoscopic colorectal surgery for cancer have been demonstrated, the use of laparoscopy for colorectal resection remains under 20 per cent for colon cancer and under 10 per cent for rectal cancer. Further studies are needed to determine the factors limiting the use of laparoscopy in colorectal surgery.     

胃癌微创外科治疗的难点及发展趋势

历经100多年的发展,外科手术仍是胃癌治疗的基石,并已初步实现了从“经典”的开放手术向“微创”的腹腔镜手术过渡。胃癌微创外科治疗经过30多年的探索,尤其是近十年中国腹腔镜胃肠外科研究组（CLASS研究组）先后启动了系列高水平腹腔镜胃癌外科临床研究,引领了该领域的范式革新。在此基础上,胃癌微创外科治疗的趋势逐渐聚焦在微创程度的升级、技术难度的降级、病人生活质量的优化和肿瘤疗效提高等方面。     

Midterm follow-up of a randomized trial of open surgery versus laparoscopic surgery in elderly patients with colorectal cancer

Background

Laparoscopic surgery has been widely accepted for the treatment of colorectal cancer; however, long-term outcomes in elderly patients remain controversial. The midterm results of a randomized trial comparing open surgery with laparoscopic surgery in elderly patients with colorectal cancer are presented.

Methods

This was a randomized trial comparing open surgery with laparoscopic surgery in elderly patients with colorectal cancer. The primary outcome was complication rate, and secondary outcomes included 3-year recurrence-free survival and overall survival. A total of 200 patients were randomly assigned to open surgery or laparoscopic surgery between 2008 and 2012. The main study objective was to compare the midterm outcomes of open surgery with those of laparoscopic surgery in elderly patients with colorectal cancer. This trial is registered with Clinical Trials.gov (NCT01862562).

Results

There were no differences between the laparoscopic surgery group and open surgery group in the 3-year overall survival rate (91.5% for laparoscopic surgery vs. 90.6% for open surgery, p?=?0.638) or the 3-year recurrence-free survival rate (84.8% for laparoscopic surgery vs. 88.2% for open surgery, p?=?0.324). The local recurrence rate was significantly higher in the laparoscopic surgery group than in the open surgery group in rectal cancer (13.8% for laparoscopic surgery vs. 0% for open surgery, p?=?0.038). In subgroup analysis according to tumor location, there were no significant differences in the 3-year overall survival rate or 3-year recurrence-free survival rate between the two treatment groups.

Conclusion

The midterm outcomes of laparoscopic surgery are similar to those of open surgery in elderly patients with colorectal cancer.

     

腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌35例体会

目的探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的适应症、禁忌症和手术技巧的临床应用。方法回顾性分析我科从2005年2月到2009年12月35例在腹腔镜下行结直肠癌根治术的临床资料。所有手术均与开腹手术相同的标准进行的。结果 33例病人顺利完成腹腔镜手术。中转开腹2例。平均手术时间185分钟,术中平均出血量80ml,平均住院时间为11天。全组病人住院期间无死亡。术后随访时间10-60个月(平均36个月),最长者5年。1例直肠癌患者发生盆腔局部复发,但均无远处转移和Trocar处、切口处肿瘤种植发生。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术相比传统开放手术有创伤小,恢复快的特点,肿瘤根治的彻底性、肿瘤局部复发率和远处转移率与传统开放手术相同。     

Effect of laparoscopy on the immune system

Surgery induces alterations in local and systemic immune responses. These changes appear to be associated with an increase in postoperative morbidity. Minimally invasive techniques are considered to improve the preservation of immune function compared with open surgery and may therefore be beneficial for patient recovery. As laparoscopic techniques are increasingly used in abdominal surgery, more research has focussed on the immunologic consequences of these techniques. Nevertheless, the changes that occur in response to trauma are still not completely understood. The immunologic benefits of laparoscopic surgery are the most obvious for minor surgical procedures such as cholecystectomy and antireflux surgery. For more complex procedures such as colorectal surgery for cancer, the benefits are not immediately obvious. Although laparoscopic surgery for colorectal malignancies may be associated with higher survival rates and lower recurrence rates because of improved immune function, it has also been related to high incidences of port-site metastases. Reviews in the literature have now shown that incidences of port-site metastases are comparable to incidences of wound metastases after open surgery. However, it will be necessary to wait for the long-term results of randomized, clinical trials to provide further clarification of how immune function is altered after laparoscopic and open surgery for colorectal cancer.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术与传统开腹手术后复发率比较的Meta分析

目的 对比分析腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌手术的术后复发率.方法 以laparoscopy、surgery、minimal invasive、colon、intestine,large、colectomy、colonic neoplasms、rectal neoplasms和randomized controlled trial为检索词.检索1991年1月至2007年1月间发表的有关腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌手术后复发的随机对照研究.按筛选标准,共有10篇研究人选.南3名作者各自独立地对入选研究中有关试验设计、研究对象特征和研究结果等内容进行摘录,并用RevMan 4.2软件进行统计分析.结果 全体研究样本量合计2474例结直肠癌.Meta分析结果显示:腹腔镜结直肠切除术对比开腹手术治疗结直肠癌的术后总体复发率差异无统计学意义,总体复发率合并优势比(OR)为0.95[95%C1 0.76～1.19],P=0.64.按不同复发类型进行独立研究,Meta分析结果显示:腹腔镜结直肠切除术治疗结直肠癌的术后局部复发率、远处转移率及穿刺口或切口种植转移率对比开腹手术均无显著升高,其OR分别为0.79[95%C1 0.50～1.25],P=0.32和0.89[95%C1 0.62～1.28],P=0.54及1.04[95%C1 0.21～5.27],P=0.96.结论 腹腔镜结直肠切除术对比传统开腹手术治疗结直肠癌其术后长期肿瘤学效果相当,并不会导致术后各类复发率明显升高,可成为治疗结直肠癌的标准术式.     

Risk of adhesive obstruction after colorectal surgery: the benefits of the minimally invasive approach may extend well beyond the perioperative period

Background

Risk of adhesive small-bowel obstruction (SBO) is high following open colorectal surgery. Laparoscopic surgery may induce fewer adhesions; however, the translation of this advantage to a reduced rate of bowel obstruction has not been well demonstrated. This study evaluates whether SBO is lower after laparoscopic compared with open colorectal surgery.

Methods

Patients who underwent laparoscopic abdominal colorectal surgery, without any previous history of open surgery, from 1998 to 2010 were identified from a prospective laparoscopic database. Details regarding occurrence of symptoms of SBO (colicky abdominal pain; nausea and/or vomiting; constipation; abdominal distension not due to infection or gastroenteritis), admissions to hospital with radiological findings confirming SBO, and surgery for obstruction after the laparoscopic colectomy were obtained by contacting patients and mailed questionnaires. Patients undergoing open colorectal surgery for similar operations during the same period and without a history of previous open surgery also were contacted and compared with the laparoscopic group for risk of obstruction.

Results

Information pertaining to SBO was available for 205 patients who underwent an elective laparoscopic procedure and 205 similar open operations. The two groups had similar age, gender, and sufficiently long duration of follow-up. Despite a significantly longer duration of follow-up for the laparoscopic group, admission to hospital for SBO was similar between groups. Patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery also had significantly lower operative intervention for SBO (8% vs. 2%, p = 0.006).

Conclusions

Although the rate of SBO was similar after laparoscopic and open colorectal surgery, the need for operative intervention for SBO was significantly lower after laparoscopic operations. These findings especially in the context of the longer follow-up for laparoscopic patients suggests that the lower incidence of adhesions expected after laparoscopic surgery likely translates into long-term benefits in terms of reduced SBO.     

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??Evaluation on the application of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer LI Guo-xin.LIANG,Yao-ze. Department of General Surgery,Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
Corresponding author: LI Guo-xin, E-mail: gzliguoxin@163.com
Abstract Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer has been increasingly popularized recently. The results of surgical technique, feasibility,safty,long-term outcome and impact on quality of life of laparoscopic procedures for colorectal cancer were assessed by means of evidence based surgery. In conclusion,the data from the recent trials have shown promising clinical benefits of short-term advantages as well as long-term oncologic equivalence for laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer. However,adequately powered,multiple center trials are still necessary to find the evidence based place in daily practice of laparoscopic colorectal surgery.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌的切除68例分析

目的探讨腹腔镜结直肠手术方法及临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析自2004年3月至2007年12月,对68例腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的临床资料,并对其手术方式及随访结果进行分析。结果本组除1例中转开腹手术外,其余67例均在腹腔镜下完成手术,手术时间平均135 min,术中出血量平均110 ml,术后肠蠕动恢复时间平均36 h,术后平均住院8 d,术后有6例用止痛剂,术后无出血、吻合口漏、伤口感染等并发症,无术后死亡病例。结论腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治手术,安全可靠,出血量少,肠功能恢复快,具备操作安全、微创、恢复快的优点。     

Laparoscopic <Emphasis Type="Italic">vs</Emphasis>. open approach for colorectal cancer: evolution over time of minimal invasive surgery

Background

In the late '80s the successes of the laparoscopic surgery for gallbladder disease laid the foundations on the modern use of this surgical technique in a variety of diseases. In the last 20 years, laparoscopic colorectal surgery had become a popular treatment option for colorectal cancer patients.

Discussion

Many studies emphasized on the benefits stating the significant advantages of the laparoscopic approach compared with the open surgery of reduced blood loss, early return of intestinal motility, lower overall morbidity, and shorter duration of hospital stay, leading to a general agreement on laparoscopic surgery as an alternative to conventional open surgery for colon cancer. The reduced hospital stay may also decrease the cost of the laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer, despite th higher operative spending compared with open surgery. The average reduction in total direct costs is difficult to define due to the increasing cost over time, making challenging the comparisons between studies conducted during a time range of more than 10 years. However, despite the theoretical advantages of laparoscopic surgery, it is still not considered the standard treatment for colorectal cancer patients due to technical limitations or the characteristics of the patients that may affect short and long term outcomes.

Conclusions

The laparoscopic approach to colectomy is slowly gaining acceptance for the management of colorectal pathology. Laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer demonstrates better short-term outcome, oncologic safety, and equivalent long-term outcome of open surgery. For rectal cancer, laparoscopic technique can be more complex depending on the tumor location. The advantages of minimally invasive surgery may translate better care quality for oncological patients and lead to increased cost saving through the introduction of active enhanced recovery programs which are likely cost-effective from the perspective of the hospital health-care providers.