熊去氧胆酸治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病临床研究

目的探讨熊去氧胆酸治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的疗效及安全性。方法将纳入标准的114例NAFLD患者随机分为两组对照组给予饮食控制,同时给予益肝灵片(2片/次,日3次口服);治疗组在对照组的基础上,加用熊去氧胆酸片(2片/次,日3次口服);两组疗程均为12周。治疗前后测定血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)。结果治疗组ALT、AST、TG、TC改善明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组总有效率为88.9%,明显高于对照组的63.3%(P<0.05)。结论熊去氧胆酸可安全有效地用于NAFLD的治疗。     

熊去氧胆酸治疗非酒精性脂肪肝性肝炎的临床观察

目的观察熊去氧胆酸（优思氟）治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的临床疗效。方法将60例非酒精性脂肪性肝炎患者随机分为两组。治疗组30例,给予熊去氧胆酸治疗,对照组30例,给予一般护肝治疗。两组均给予控制饮食,饮食结构的调整,适当运动。观察两组患者治疗前后血清酶学（ALT及AST、r-GT）血脂（TG,TC）和B超的变化。结果治疗组经治疗后ALT、AST、r—GT、TG、TC下降较对照组明显,治疗组总有效率83．3％,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论熊去氧胆酸治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎疗效较好。     

熊去氧胆酸治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疗效观察

目的观察熊去氧胆酸治疗非酒精性脂肪肝的临床疗效。方法将124例非酒精性脂肪肝患者随机分为2组,对照组62例,采用改变生活方式,治疗肥胖症,糖尿病及高脂血症等伴发疾病的治疗方式。实验组62例,在对照组治疗基础上,给予熊去氧胆酸（商品名优思弗ursodeoxycholic acid UDCA,德国福克大药厂）250 mg,3次/d口服。治疗3个月后观察两组患者治疗前后肝功能酶学（ALT AST GGT）,血脂（TG TC）水平和肝脏影像学变化。结果治疗组总有效率为93.5%,对照组总有效率为53.2%,差异显著（P〈0.05）,有统计学意义。两组患者全部完成治疗,无一人终止治疗。结论熊去氧胆酸治疗非酒精性脂肪肝,既安全,又有明显疗效,值得推广。     

米非司酮对子宫内膜异位症患者的疗效观察

目的观察米非司酮治疗子营内膜异位症（EMS）的有效性、安全性及副作用。方法对35例子宫内膜异位症患者在月经第3天口服米非司酮10mg，1次/d，连续3个月，分别进行疼痛评分、子宫活动度评分，观察治疗组前后临床疗效、血常规、肝肾功能（BUN、Cr）、皮质醇（PTC）、血脂（TG、TC）、肝功能（ALT、AST）、药物不良反应、月经恢复正常及妊娠情况。结果子宫内膜异位症治疗前疼痛评分、子宫活动度评分、后陷凹结节大小、附件包块大小高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）；治疗前后比较上述情况明显改善（P〈0．05）；治疗前血常规及生化指标与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），治疗后Hb、ALT、AST三项指标升高（P〈0．05），而WBC、PLT、BUN、CR、TG、TC变化不大，其差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；药物不良反应：胃部不适2例，便秘3例，乳痛1例，头痛2例，潮热2例，轻度肝脏转氨酶（ALT、AST）异常2例。停药后15～42（26±7）d，月经恢复后经量减少21例，经量无改变14例。受孕率为20％（7／35）。结论米非司酮短期治疗子宫内膜异位症疗效好，安全，不良反应少。     

熊去氧胆酸联合甘草甜素片治疗妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的临床疗效观察

目的探讨熊去氧胆酸联合甘草甜素片治疗妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)的临床疗效。方法 128例ICP患者随机分为两组各64例,对照组给予熊去氧胆酸治疗,观察组给予熊去氧胆酸联合甘草甜素片治疗,比较两组的治疗效果。结果治疗后,观察组的瘙痒评分显著低于对照组,肝功能指标TBA、 ALT、 AST水平均显著低于对照组,不良妊娠结局总发生率显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。结论熊去氧胆酸联合甘草甜素片可显著改善ICP患者的瘙痒症状和肝功能,有效降低不良妊娠结局发生率。     

熊去氧胆酸治疗药物性肝病30例疗效观察

目的：观察熊去氧胆酸治疗药物性肝病的-临床疗效。方法：将我院60例药物性肝病随机分为对照组（30例）和治疗组（30例）,对照组给予甘草酸二铵、还原型谷胱甘肽、多烯磷酯酰胆碱,治疗组在对照组的基础上,加用熊去氧胆酸12～15mg·kg—1·d1,口服分三次,两组疗程均为4周。监测治疗前,2周、4周肝功能变化和观察临床疗效。结果：治疗组在肝功能改善方面明显优于对照组（P〈0．01）,治疗组和对照组临床疗效比较,差畀有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：熊去氧胆酸治疗药物性肝病确有较好疗效。     

金水宝胶囊联合阿拓莫兰、熊去氧胆酸治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病临床观察

目的观察金水宝胶囊联合阿拓莫兰(还原型谷胱甘肽)、熊去氧胆酸治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的临床疗效。方法选取符合NAFLD诊断标准的94例患者作为观察对象,随机分为两组,对照组46例在调整饮食结构,适量有氧运动等基础上给予阿拓莫兰、熊去氧胆酸治疗,治疗组48例在对照组的基础上,加服金水宝胶囊。观察两组症状、体征的变化,血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、甘油三酯(TG)、r-谷氨酰转移酶(r-GT)及肝脏B超等变化。结果治疗组显效率、总有效率均高于对照组(P0.05);ALT、TG、r-TG较治疗前有明显好转,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组肝脏B超检查,结果均有不同程度的减轻或复常。结论金水宝胶囊联合阿拓莫兰、熊去氧胆酸治疗NAFLD效果良好。     

瑞舒伐他汀联合熊去氧胆酸及活性维生素D治疗绝经后脂肪肝的临床观察

目的探讨瑞舒伐他汀联合熊去氧胆酸及活性维生素D治疗女性绝经后脂肪肝的临床疗效。方法选取2017年1月-2019年1月该院收治的绝经后脂肪肝患者50例为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组各25例。对照组患者采用辛伐他汀+熊去氧胆酸+活性维生素D (骨化三醇)治疗,观察组患者采用瑞舒伐他汀+熊去氧胆酸+活性维生素D(骨化三醇)治疗。对比两组患者治疗前后肝功能指标[谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)]、血脂指标[低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]、超敏-C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平与肝脏B超积分及治疗期间的不良反应状况。结果治疗后,观察组患者ALT、AST、γ-GT水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组患者LDL-C、TC、TG水平均低于对照组,而HDL-C水平高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组患者hs-CRP水平、肝脏B超积分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组患者用药期间不良反应总发生率低于对照组,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论瑞舒伐他汀联合熊去氧胆酸、活性维生素D治疗女性绝经后脂肪肝的疗效确切,可明显改善患者肝功能,降低血脂水平,减轻炎症反应,且安全性较高。     

莫沙必利联合熊去氧胆酸治疗原发性胆汁反流性胃炎168例

目的探讨莫沙必利联合熊去氧胆酸（UDCA）对原发性胆汁反流性胃炎的治疗作用。方法168例原发性胆汁反流胃炎患者随机分为3组。莫沙必利组给予莫沙必利5mg,3次／d,餐前口服;UDCA组给予UDCA 250mg,1次／d,餐前口服;莫沙必利联合UDCA组给予UDCA 250mg,1次／d,餐前口服,联合莫沙必利5mg,3次／d,餐前口服。3组疗程均为8周。采用临床疗效和胃镜随访量化表进行问卷调查,并建立患者资料档案。结果莫沙必利联合UDCA治疗原发性胆汁反流性胃炎临床症状总有效率、胃镜征象改变有效率均高于单用UDCA组和莫沙必利组（P〈0．05）;且Hp阳性与Hp阴性患者疗效无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论莫沙必利联合UDCA能有效缓解胆汁反流性胃炎临床症状,Hp对其疗效可能无干扰作用。     

血清白介素-33对非酒精性脂肪性肝病的诊断价值分析

目的探讨IL-33对非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）的预测诊断价值及其相关影响因素。方法选取2012年10月至2013年1月间在中山大学第三附属医院体检中心体检人群,将符合NAFLD诊断标准的140例患者纳入病例组;同时将明确排除NAFLD,不饮酒且无心血管疾病及其他慢性病,性别、年龄匹配的140名健康体检人群纳入对照组。分别对两组人群进行身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压进行测量,对空腹静脉血的谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、空腹血糖、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、血尿酸和血清IL-33等指标进行检测。采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析以及ROC曲线的绘制,探索IL-33与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的关系。结果共研究NAFLD患者140例,其中男性87例,女性53例,平均年龄为（54．51±9．08）岁。对照组140人,男性76人,女性64人,平均年龄为（52．69±9．22）岁。两组平均年龄、性另q构成差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。NAFLD组收缩压、舒张压、体质指数（BMI）、腰围、臀围、腰臀比、ALT、TG及血尿酸均高于对照组（P〈0．01）;NAFLD组HDL-C胆固醇低于对照组（均P〈0．01）。NAFLD组超重或肥胖、高血压、血脂异常、代谢综合征以及高尿酸血症的患病率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;NAFLD组、对照组的血清IL-33水平分别为（3．92±1．96）、（1．92±1．31）pg／mL,NAFLD组高于对照组（P〈0．01）。高IL-33、高ALT、高TG、超重或肥胖、高血压是NAFLD的危险因素（OR=3．678、1．091、2．557、6．437、2．383）;高HDL．C是NAFLD的保护因素（OR=0．069）。IL-33预测诊断NAFLD的曲线下面积为0．819,ALT为0．665,TG为0．749,HDL—C为0．720,BMI为0．776,均具有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）。结论IL-33作为NAFLD的独立危险因素,在NAFLD的发生发展中起着重要作用,并对其具有-定的诊断价值。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.