桡动脉途径PCI术在老年ST段抬高型心肌梗死治疗中的应用

目的观察经桡动脉行经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）治疗老年ST段抬高型心肌梗（STEMI）的可行性和安全性。方法将114例老年STEMI患者随机分为两组,分别经桡动脉、股动脉行PCI治疗。结果两组血管穿刺及手术成功率、穿刺时间、手术操作时间、X线曝光时间、造影剂用量相比,P均〉0．05;经桡动脉途径者并发症明显少于经股动脉者（P〈0．05）。结论桡动脉途径PCI治疗老年STEMI安全有效。     

经桡动脉介入治疗高龄冠心病患者的可行性

目的:评价高龄冠心病患者经桡动脉穿刺介入治疗的安全性及可行性。方法:380例70岁以上的老年冠心病行介入治疗患者按动脉穿刺途径随机分成桡动脉组(n=190)和股动脉组(n=190),观察两组间动脉穿刺成功率、手术操作时间、造影剂用量、局部及全身并发症发生情况。结果:经桡动脉穿刺途径成功共182例,经股动脉穿刺途径成功共188例。两组间动脉穿刺成功率、介入手术时间、造影剂用量差异无显著性。局部出血并发症迷走反射桡动脉组明显少于股动脉组(P0.05)。结论:高龄冠心病患者经桡动脉途径穿刺行介入治疗方法可行、治疗有效,较股动脉并发症发生少,是高龄冠心病患者介入治疗可选择的穿刺途径。     

经桡动脉穿刺冠状动脉复杂病变的介入治疗

目的　探讨复杂冠状动脉病变经桡动脉穿刺途径行介入治疗的成功率和并发症。方法　 184例复杂冠状动脉病变的冠心病心绞痛患者中 ,经桡动脉穿刺组 4 6例 ,对照组为经股动脉穿刺者 138例 ,观察两组手术成功率、术后并发症等情况。结果　经桡动脉组手术成功率为 92 .2 % ,与经股动脉组 (94 .9% )相比无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。但术后与穿刺有关的并发症发生率 ,经桡动脉组明显少于经股动脉组 (10 .8% vs 2 8.3% ,P<0 .0 5 ) ;术后卧床时间也明显短于经股动脉穿刺组 (P<0 .0 1)。而经桡动脉组从穿刺开始至指引导管放置成功所需的时间长于经股动脉组(P<0 .0 5 )。结论　经选择的冠状动脉复杂病变经桡动脉途径介入治疗具有较高的成功率。经桡动脉途径术后与穿刺有关的并发症发生率低。     

70岁以上老年患者急诊经桡动脉途径冠状动脉介入治疗的临床疗效

目的:探讨70岁以上老年冠心病患者急诊经桡动脉穿刺行冠状动脉动脉介入治疗(PCI)的可行性和安全性。方法:97例冠心病患者男性66例,女性31例,平均年龄(76.44±6.20)岁。经桡动脉穿刺行冠状动脉动脉介入治疗。结果:93例患者均取得穿刺和介入治疗成功。1例桡动脉穿刺失败改行股动脉穿刺,3例患者桡动脉穿刺成功但头臂干迂曲、升主动脉扩张,在造影后改行股动脉途径经皮腔内冠状动脉动脉介入术(PCI)成功。扩张病变血管包括右冠状动脉32支,前降支52支,回旋支13支。97例患者靶血管植入支架共221个。21例患者术中须更换导引导管。术后股动脉穿刺局部较大血肿2例,桡动脉闭塞2例,前臂皮下淤血2例     

高龄患者经桡动脉和股动脉行冠状动脉造影和支架植入术的效果分析

目的对比高龄患者中经桡动脉和股动脉途径行冠状动脉造影和支架植入术的安全性、可行性及疗效。方法216例接受介入诊疗的75岁以上冠心病心绞痛病人,随机分为桡动脉组及股动脉组,各108例。比较两组在冠脉造影及支架植入术中的动脉穿刺及手术操作时间、X线曝光时间、造影剂用量、支架植入数量、支架植入成功率、外周血管并发症发生率,以及支架植入术中两组特殊导管使用率,双钢丝及PTCA球囊使用率等的差异。结果桡动脉组及股动脉组的血管穿刺时间、穿刺成功率、造影成功率、支架成功率均无显著差异(P>0.05),术后不适反应发生率桡动脉组显著低于股动脉组;单个支架操作时间、特殊导管使用率、双钢丝及PTCA球囊使用率,桡动脉组均较股动脉组高,差异具有显著性(P<0.01),局部血管并发症率及术后患者舒适度、缩短住院时间,桡动脉组明显优于股动脉组,差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。结论高龄患者经桡动脉与股动脉途径介入诊疗具同样的安全性,可行性及疗效。     

经皮桡动脉穿刺介入治疗冠心病64例疗效观察

目的观察经皮桡动脉穿刺介入治疗冠心病的临床效果。方法 64例冠心病患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组32例。对照组采用经股动脉介入治疗,观察组采用经桡动脉介入治疗。比较两组置入动脉鞘时间,手术时间,手术成功率及手术并发症发生率。结果观察组置管成功率、手术时间、住院时间、置入支架数、穿刺成功率与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论采用经皮桡动脉穿刺介入治疗效果与经股动脉穿刺介入治疗相当,经皮桡动脉穿刺介入术后并发症更少,安全性更佳,值得临床推广应用。     

合并慢性左心衰竭的老年冠心病患者经桡动脉介入治疗的临床评估

目的 探讨经桡动脉介入治疗老年冠心病合并慢性左心衰竭患者的临床疗效和安全性. 方法 120例老年冠心病合并慢性左心衰患者,根据介入治疗术式的不同分为经桡动脉治疗组64例,经股动脉治疗组56例;回顾性分析X线曝光时间,术后卧床时间及并发症发生率等. 结果 桡动脉组穿刺并介入治疗成功者60例,共成功扩张病变75处,其中前降支38处,回旋支19处,右冠状动脉18处,行支架置入73枚.股动脉组手术穿刺并介入治疗成功者54例,共成功扩张病变63处,其中前降支36处,回旋支12处,右冠状动脉15处,共行支架置人61枚.两组介入治疗情况及病变程度差异无统计学意义.桡动脉组较股动脉组穿刺至置管时间延长,平均卧床时间缩短,卧床期间急性左心衰发生率减少(均P＜0.01);桡动脉组穿刺并发症、下肢深静脉血栓发生率、体循环和肺栓塞发生率均较股动脉组减少(均P＜0.05).股动脉组腰背疼痛、排尿困难、腹胀发生率明显高于桡动脉组(P＜0.05). 结论 经桡动脉介入治疗老年冠心病合并慢性左心衰竭安全性高,相比经股动脉径路占有诸多优势.     

经桡动脉行冠脉介入诊疗的临床应用价值

目的探讨经桡动脉途径行冠脉造影及介入治疗方法的临床应用价值和并发症,并与经股动脉途径行相似病变治疗作比较。方法对本院2006年1月—2009年4月行冠脉造影术或介入治疗的384例患者临床资料分析,198例冠脉病变的冠心病患者经桡动脉途径行介入治疗(桡动脉组),186例冠心病患者经股动脉途径行介入治疗(股动脉组),对比手术成功率、手术操作时间、X线曝光时间、并发症发生率,并进行统计学处理。结果桡动脉组手术成功率为96.97%,股动脉组100%,两组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。但术后与穿刺有关的并发症发生率,桡动脉组明显少于股动脉组(P0.05);术后卧床时间也明显短于股动脉组(P0.05)。而桡动脉组从穿刺开始至指引导管放置成功所需的时间长于经股动脉组(P0.05)。结论经桡动脉途径冠状动脉介入诊疗成功率高,患者术后体位、活动不受限制,经桡动脉途径行冠脉造影及介入治疗是安全、有效、可行的。     

经桡动脉途径介入治疗急性心肌梗死临床分析

目的 评价急性心肌梗死患者经皮桡动脉介入治疗(PCI)的安全性和有效性.方法 共入选91例急性心肌梗死患者,经桡动脉介入治疗组(TRD)59例,经股动脉介入治疗组(TFD)32例.观察穿刺成功率、手术成功率、手术时间、透视时间、造影剂用量及穿刺并发症.结果 两组穿刺成功率、手术成功率、手术时间、透视时间、造影剂用量差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),TRI组穿刺并发症明显低于TFI组(P＜0.05).结论 急性心肌梗死行PCI时,经桡动脉途径同样安全、有效,手术结果相似而并发症明显减少.     

80岁以上老年患者经桡动脉和股动脉途径行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的对比研究

目的:评价80岁以上老年患者经桡动脉途径行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的安全性和临床疗效.方法:2003-05至2007-05进行PCI 80岁以上的高龄患者268例,男性176例,年龄80～97岁;经股动脉途径PCI组156例(股动脉组),经桡动脉途径PCI组112例(桡动脉组).对比两组的临床特点、PCI特点、住院期间主要的不良心脏事件(MACE,包括心脏性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死和靶病变再次重建率).结果:桡动脉组与股动脉组相比,PCI的成功率相似,均在95%以上;桡动脉组需要更改途径的比率显著增高(P<0.05);冠状动脉导管插入时间(P<0.01)、X线曝光时间(P<0.05)均显著延长;造影剂用量有增多趋势(P>0.05),但两组差异未达统计学意义;术后卧床时间显著缩短(P<0.01),所有原因的穿刺部位血管并发症显著降低(P<0.01),其中,局部出血发生率(P<0.01)和局部血肿发生率(P<0.01)均显著减低.经多因素回归分析显示,桡动脉途径(OR=0.25,CI=0.09～0.75)是穿刺部位血管并发症独立的阴性预测因素.结论:80岁以上高龄患者的PCI,桡动脉途径可以降低穿刺血管局部并发症,与股动脉途径相比具有同样的临床效果和成功率,但是,穿刺失败率高,穿刺时间和曝光时间较长.     

A conservative approach to performing transseptal punctures without the use of intracardiac echocardiography: stepwise approach with real-time video clips

Atrial transseptal puncture as a means of accessing the left heart is a critical component of catheter ablation procedures for atrial fibrillation, left-sided accessory pathways, and access to the left ventricle in patients with certain types of prosthetic aortic valves. Although this technique has been performed successfully since the 1950s, severe and potentially life-threatening complications can still occur, including cardiac tamponade and/or death. Some have adopted the use of intracardiac echocardiography, but our laboratory and many others throughout the world have successfully relied on fluoroscopic imaging alone. The aim of this brief report is to describe in detail our technique for performing transseptal punctures during catheter ablation procedures for atrial fibrillation. We employ a similar approach when targeting left-sided accessory pathways, although only a single transseptal is performed in those cases. Utilizing a series of real-time video clips, we describe our technique of double transseptal puncture and illustrate in detail ways in which to avoid common pitfalls.     

经皮肺穿刺猪前腔静脉的实验研究

目的 评价在CT引导下经猪前腔静脉穿刺技术的可行性与安全性.方法 选取6足月的实验用小型猪16头,在CT引导下定位、应用18G带芯穿刺针穿刺猪前腔静脉,观察并记录术前、术中、术后心率、血压、血氧饱和度、血红蛋白含量,术后对猪行强化CT检查,评判有无纵隔血肿、气胸、血胸等并发症.术后处死实验猪,获取前腔静脉穿刺段标本,HE染色后于显微镜下观察穿刺部位情况及血管壁病理变化.结果 成功穿刺16头实验猪前腔静脉,无死亡发生.1例出现少量血胸,4例出现少量气胸.术前、术中、术后生命体征平稳,各指标变化差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.24h时标本穿刺处内皮移行明显,无明显缺损,肌层尚可见断裂带；72 h时内皮光滑,肌层可见瘢痕修复.结论 经猪前腔静脉途径穿刺较为安全,为经上腔静脉途径植入125I放射性粒子治疗纵隔淋巴结转移癌提供了一种可行的穿刺途径.     

Site-selective atrial septal puncture

Atrial transseptal puncture is a technique that provides pervenous access to the left heart. The aim of this technique is to provide catheter access to the left atrium and ventricle for mapping, as well as stable electrode-endocardial contact for ablation energy application. In the present report, "site-selective" atrial septal puncture is described and illustrated using case reports.     

Fossa ovalis radiofrequency perforation in a difficult case of conventional transseptal puncture for atrial fibrillation ablation

A 65-year-old man was referred for atrial fibrillation ablation to our center. Routine pre-procedure transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography examinations showed a normal interatrial septum and fossa ovalis anatomy. Access to left atrium was initially planned using a conventional transseptal needle puncture. During the procedure, several consecutive attempts in conjunction with intracardiac echocardiography support, failed to cross the septum. The procedure was then successfully carried out using a specifically designed radiofrequency transseptal catheter.     

锁骨下静脉穿刺术

正锁骨下静脉(subclavian vein,SCV)因其位置固定、直径较大,且不随血压变化,便于各种体位穿刺和导管固定,以及较少的血流感染和血栓形成~([1]),成为穿刺之首选部位。本文就其穿刺方法进行归纳、总结。解剖基础SCV是腋静脉的延续,全长约3~4 cm,宽约1~2 cm,以前斜角肌下端内、外侧缘为标志分为3段,胸锁关节上缘为SCV与颈内静脉汇合成头臂静脉点,SCV呈轻度向上的弓形与锁骨内1/3段几乎     

Échocardiographie transœsophagienne pour guider la ponction transseptale. Guide pratique,astuces, particularités,pièges

Transesophageal echocardiography is very useful to guide transseptal puncture for left atrial ablation procedures. This paper is a practical guide for the ultrasonographer who seeks to meet the expectations of the electrophysiologist, but also for young EP's in order to improve their understanding of the echocardiographical views and to ameliorate the communication between the two specialists. The tips and tricks of all the steps of the exam are presented.     

Safe transthoracic left ventricular puncture performed with echocardiographic guidance

Retrograde aortic left ventricular pressure recording is difficult to obtain and often unreliable in the presence of a mechanical aortic valve prosthesis. Under echocardiographic guidance, we have safely performed transthoracic left ventricular puncture for pressure recording in seven patients with an aortic valve prosthesis. The transducer is placed at the left sternal border and then slid laterally until the right ventricular cavity and interventricular septal echoes disappear, but before the echoes from the left lung are recorded. The chest wall is marked and the transducer is angled until the mitral valve echoes are identified. The transducer angle and direction are recorded with external markers, and the left ventricular cavity depth is measured. An 18-gauge needle is then inserted the determined depth into the left ventricle, guided exactly by the echocardiographic external markers. The procedure was successful in each patient on the first attempt without a single complication. We conclude that this technique affords the operator greater control when left ventricular pressure must be recorded by transthoracic puncture and that it may reduce the risk of potentially serious complications.