早期动脉内超选择性溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死

目的观察动脉内超选择性尿激酶溶解血栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死的疗效及并发症。方法对6例发病于4～12h内的急性缺血性脑梗死患者行动脉内超选择性尿激酶溶解血栓治疗。结果经溶解血栓治疗后完全再通4例,部分再通2例;溶解血栓治疗后14d基本痊愈1例,显著进步3例,进步1例,死亡1例。溶栓后无颅内出血。结论早期动脉内超选择性尿激酶溶解血栓能明显提高闭塞血管再通率,改善预后,是治疗急性缺血性脑梗死的一种有效和相对安全的方法。     

急性脑梗死超早期应用尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗四例

目的评价急性脑梗死超早期应用尿激酶动脉溶栓的疗效及安全性。方法应用尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗4例急性脑梗死患者,分析溶栓时间窗、尿激酶剂量、责任供血动脉再通情况与转归的关系等。结果例2大脑中动脉溶栓后症状完全缓解;例4颈内动脉溶栓后颈内动脉完全再通,但有皮层支梗死;例1、3大脑中动脉溶栓后部分再通。本文4例患者溶栓后2周神经功能缺损评分明显降低。结论急性脑梗死超早期应用尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗能明显提高责任供血动脉再通率,改善患者预后。动脉溶栓对大、中动脉急性闭塞性脑梗死患者疗效显著,对穿支动脉急性闭塞脑梗死患者疗效欠佳,有待进一步随机、双盲、大样本证实。     

尿激酶动脉内溶栓联合血管内干预治疗急性脑梗死分析

目的分析尿激酶动脉内溶栓联合血管内干预治疗急性脑梗死的疗效和安全性。方法回顾分析我科住院治疗13例患者进行尿激酶动脉内溶栓及血管内干预治疗的急性脑梗死患者临床资料。结果 13例患者中,颈动脉系统病变11例,其中颈内动脉闭塞2例,大脑中动脉主干及分支闭塞8例,大脑前动脉闭塞1例(包含脑血管造影未见异常者3例),椎基底动脉闭塞2例。溶栓开始时间3～12h,平均7.5h,其中10例在6h内开始。使用尿激酶30万～100万U,平均70万U。溶栓后2例给予血管内支架治疗,4例给予球囊扩张血管成形治疗。基本痊愈5例,显著进步5例,无效3例。闭塞血管成功再通7例,未成功再通3例。并发脑出血1例,死亡1例,无并发消化道出血等其他情况。结论对急性脑梗死患者进行尿激酶动脉内溶栓联合血管内干预治疗是安全有效的。     

尿激酶治疗急性脑梗死动脉内溶栓28例分析

目的观察及评价选择性动脉内溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效和安全性。方法 28例急性脑梗死患者(前循环发病6 h内11例,后循环发病12 h内17例)行动脉内选择性尿激酶溶栓治疗。结果发现闭塞24例85.7%,溶栓后完全再通15例62.5%,部分再通7例29.2%,未再通2例8.3%,总体血管再通率91.7%,颅内出血2例8.3%,死亡1例4.2%。4例后循环梗死患者未发现明显闭塞,在小剂量使用尿激酶后临床症状明显好转。结论选择性动脉内溶栓能提高闭塞血管再通率,明显改善预后,是治疗急性脑梗死的一种有效和较安全的方法。     

228例急性缺血性脑血管病动脉介入溶栓治疗的效果

目的 研究急性缺血性脑血管病动脉溶栓治疗的临床疗效,并对其并发症的防治进行讨论.方法 对228例急性缺血性脑血管病进行微导管超选择溶栓,起病距溶栓时间,前循环6h内,后循环12h内,尿激酶以1.0万U/min持续泵入,总量＜100万U,辅助其他常规治疗,并在治疗前后及起病15d内分别进行神经功能评定.结果 动脉介入溶栓总有效率为91.2％,显效率67.5％,血管再通率为70.6％,治疗后神经功能缺损评分较前显著降低(P＜0.01).结论 动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死是一种安全有效的方法,可使大部分患者闭塞动脉再通,提高临床治疗效果.     

急性脑梗死患者动脉内介入治疗的临床体会

目的研究急性脑梗死患者动脉内介入治疗(选择性动脉内溶栓)的方法及疗效。方法 106例急性脑梗死患者,分为选择性动脉内溶栓组(SIAF组)、静脉溶栓组(IVF组)各53例;SIAF组采用改良Seldinger技术,选择性进入闭死的动脉,40分钟内泵入尿激酶50万单位+0.9%氯化钠60ml,随时做造影了解动脉通否,不通者再泵入尿激酶30万单位,只要闭死动脉再通,即撤除之。IVF组40分钟内静脉滴入尿激酶100万单位+0.9%氯化钠150ml,不通者再滴入尿激酶30万单位,余同上。结果溶栓后再通者SIAF组44例,IVF组33例(P<0.05);病情好转者SIAF组42例,IVF组30例;SIAF组死亡6例,IVF组死亡12例(P<0.05)。结论急性脑梗死患者动脉内介入治疗,效果明显。     

不同方法治疗急性大脑中动脉闭塞致急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的观察尿激酶动脉溶栓、超选择性动脉溶栓、机械结合尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗急性大脑中动脉闭塞致急性脑梗死的效果。方法选取在我院诊治的120例急性脑梗死患者,按随机数字表法随机分为A、B、C 3组,分别给予尿激酶动脉溶栓、超选择性动脉溶栓、机械结合尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗,观察分析3组临床疗效。结果 B组、C组NIHSS评分下降程度及用药安全性均明显优于A组(P0.05),B、C组间比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论临床应用超选择性动脉溶栓、机械结合尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死效果明显,可推广应用。     

急性大脑中动脉缺血性卒中的早期局部动脉溶栓治疗

目的评估早期使用尿激酶(UK)局部动脉溶栓治疗急性大脑中动脉(MCA)缺血性脑卒中的安全性和疗效.方法16例急性大脑中动脉缺血性卒中患者发病6 h内接受UK局部动脉溶栓治疗,溶栓后90天评估MRS.结果12例患者(75%)获得良好临床转归,4例患者临床转归差,无患者死亡.2例患者发生症状性脑出血(12.5%).12例患者获得血管再通,其中11例获得良好临床转归(P=0.011).11例患者24h神经功能改善,均获得良好临床转归(P=0.004).结论初步结果表明急性大脑中动脉缺血性卒中的患者接受早期尿激酶局部动脉溶栓治疗是安全、有效的,需进一步积累病例和随访研究.     

尿激酶溶栓治疗急性动脉血栓性脑梗死的疗效分析

目的探讨尿激酶在不同剂量、不同时间对不同年龄的急性动脉血栓性脑梗死的疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2002-09～2004-05收治的124例急性动脉性脑梗死病人经尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗后的临床资料,总结分析不同剂量尿激酶,在不同时间对不同年龄病人的疗效影响。结果不同年龄、不同剂量、不同时间溶栓治疗14d后疗效评定无显著差异。结论以中等剂量尿激酶在脑梗死发病后6～24h内溶栓治疗,仍有较好效果,年龄不应成为溶栓治疗的禁忌。     

尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死有效治疗时间窗分析

目的：探讨急性脑梗死尿激酶静脉溶栓疗效及安全性。方法采用开放性临床研究,将发病12 h内358例急性脑梗死随机分为溶栓治疗组178例,常规治疗组180例。溶栓治疗组采用常规治疗＋尿激酶150万U静脉注射,其中超早期（溶栓治疗距发病时间＜6 h ）溶栓组治疗123例,延迟（溶栓治疗距发病时间6～12 h ）溶栓治疗组55例。评价溶栓疗效和出血转化安全性。结果溶栓组总有效率89.89％（114／210）,病死率3.8％（12／178）,脑出血并发症5.7％（12／210）,脑出血病死率2.9％（6／210）;常规治疗组总有效率48.0％（108／225）,病死率9.3％（21／225）,脑出血并发症0.9％（2／225）,无1例死于脑出血。结论尿激酶在急性缺血性脑梗死患者超早期溶栓治疗方面效果显著,急性脑梗死发病12 h内尿激酶静脉溶栓疗效较好,但脑出血并发症明显增多,临床终点死亡结局不高。     

急性轻型缺血性卒中6～9小时动脉尿激酶溶栓治疗回顾性分析

目的 探讨发病6～9 h动脉溶栓治疗对美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National I nstitutes o f H ealth Stroke Scale,NIHSS）＜5分的急性缺血性卒中患者的治疗效果。 方法 回顾86例发病距接受治疗的时间6～9 h的急性缺血性卒中（NIHSS＜5分）患者资料,比较选择 性尿激酶动脉溶栓和口服阿司匹林2种治疗方法的发病7 d和90 d效果。 结果 与口服阿司匹林组相比,选择性动脉溶栓组患者发病7 d的Barthel指数(Barthel index,BI)较对 照组明显改善（81.3±7.9 vs 54.5±9.3,P =0.034）,改良Rankin量表（modified Rankin Scale,mRS）评 分＜3分的患者比例明显增加（88.4% vs 48.8%,P =0.028）;但在90 d后,两组患者的BI及mRS之间没 有显著差异。 结论 对急性轻型缺血性卒中6～9 h积极的动脉尿激酶溶栓治疗可以促进患者的早期恢复。     

急性缺血性脑卒中时间窗内的动静脉溶栓分层治疗的对比研究

目的通过对比急性缺血性脑卒中发病时间窗内(     

Intra-arterial thrombolysis of a distal internal carotid artery occlusion in an adolescent

Introduction: This article describes the first reported case of an adolescent being treated with intra-arterial urokinase for a distal internal carotid artery occlusion. Methods: A 15-year-old male presenting with an acute ischemic stroke caused by a distal internal carotid artery occlusion was treated with intra-arterial urokinase at 5 hours and 45 minutes after symptom onset. Results: The artery completely recanalized, and the patient improved significantly from an admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 28 to a NIHSS score of 8 at a 2.5-month follow-up, despite an asymptomatic intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Conclusion: This article reviews the only two reported cases of intravenous thrombolysis and three cases of intra-arterial thrombolysis in children with ischemic stroke and suggests that thrombolytic therapy should be considered a treatment option in selected pediatric patients with stroke, especially in adolescents who are generally treated as young adults.     

28例颈内动脉系统急性脑梗塞动脉溶栓治疗

目的分析颈内动脉系统急性脑梗塞动脉溶栓治疗的有效性和安全性。方法对28例颈内动脉急性脑梗塞的患者进行了动脉溶栓治疗．通过造影显示血管再通情况。术后即刻和24h后分别行头颅CT扫描以了解有无颅内出血（ICH）。术后第90天采用Barthel指数（BI）对患者生活状态进行评估。结果28例患者经动脉溶栓治疗，堵塞血管再通18例，部分再通6例，未通4例；症状性颅内出血8例，死亡5例。术后第90天，生活状态优者14例，良者8例，差或者死亡6例。再通患者生活状态明显优于部分再通及未通患者。结论动脉溶栓具有较高的症状性颅内出血率及死亡率。再通患者生活状态较好。     

Results of a multicentre, randomised controlled trial of intra-arterial urokinase in the treatment of acute posterior circulation ischaemic stroke

BACKGROUND: Patients with ischaemic stroke due to occlusion of the basilar or vertebral arteries may develop a rapid deterioration in neurological status leading to coma and often to death. While intra-arterial thrombolysis may be used in this context, no randomised controlled data exist to support its safety or efficacy. METHODS: Randomised controlled trial of intra-arterial urokinase within 24 h of symptom onset in patients with stroke and angiographic evidence of posterior circulation vascular occlusion. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were randomised, and there was some imbalance between groups, with more severe strokes occurring in the treatment arm. A good outcome was observed in 4 of 8 patients who received intra-arterial urokinase compared with 1 of 8 patients in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the need for a large-scale study to establish the efficacy of intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute basilar artery occlusion.     

动脉内溶栓联合支架治疗基底动脉闭塞临床报道

目的探讨溶栓后即刻置入支架的方法治疗急性椎基底动脉系统卒中溶栓术后血管重新闭塞的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析北京宣武医院2003年7月-2004年12月采用动脉内溶栓加支架置入治疗的7例脑卒中患者的临床资料，采用尿激酶超选择动脉溶栓，溶栓后对血管狭窄行支架成形术。结果7例溶栓后均再通。基底动脉尾段狭窄1例，主干狭窄4例，头段狭窄2例．动脉狭窄率平均为85％．即刻置入冠脉支架。置入支架后造影显示血管形态良好．残留狭窄率小于20％。术后复查点片状脑出血2例。术后症状好转或消失6例，围手术期死亡1例。结论超选择动脉溶栓联合支架治疗能够防止血管再闭塞及卒中复发，改善病人预后。     

急性脑梗死动脉内药物溶栓和机械支架再通比较

目的观察急性脑梗死患者脑血管特点,比较动脉内尿激酶溶栓、机械再通和支架成形的安全及有效性。方法对发病1．5—8h的11例急性腩梗死患者,行全脑血管数字减影（DSA）造影,给予动脉内治疗;进行血管再通评价,美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）和1个月改良Rankin量表评分。结果术前NIHSS为6～21。责任血管闭塞6例（54．5％）;重度狭窄3例（27．3％）;未见异常2例（18．2％）。2例闭塞粗管行闭塞局部尿激酶溶栓,未再通,术后1例出血死亡,1例大面积脑梗死,改良Rankin量表评分为5;3例血管闭塞行机械再通后支架成形;1例同侧责任血管闭塞伴对侧颈内动脉重度狭窄和3例同侧责任血管重度狭窄行狭窄处支架成形,术后血管均再通,无出血;2例DSA检查未见异常病例仅药物治疗。后3组1个月改良Rankin量表评分为0～1。结论急性脑梗死时对于闭塞施管机械再通较尿激酶溶栓血管再通可靠,对于重度狭窄血管可行支架治疗。     

Predictors of clinical improvement, angiographic recanalization, and intracranial hemorrhage after intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to evaluate predictors of clinical outcome, angiographic success, and adverse effects after intra-arterial administration of urokinase for acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: We designed a Brain Attack program at University Hospitals of Cleveland for diagnosis and treatment of patients presenting within 6 hours of onset of neurological deficit. Patients with ischemia referable to the carotid circulation were treated with intra-arterial urokinase. Angiographic recanalization was assessed at the end of medication infusion. Intracerebral hemorrhage was investigated immediately after and 24 hours after treatment. Stroke severity was determined, followed by long-term outcome. RESULTS: Fifty-four patients were treated. There was improvement of >/=4 points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale from presentation to 24 hours after onset in 43% of the treated patients, and this was related to the severity of the initial deficit. Forty-eight percent of patients had a Barthel Index score of 95 to 100 at 90 days, and total mortality was 24%. Cranial CT scans revealed intracerebral hemorrhage in 17% of patients in the first 24 hours, and these patients had more severe deficits at presentation. Eighty-seven percent of patients received intravenous heparin after thrombolysis, and 9% of them developed a hemorrhage into infarction. Angiographic recanalization was the rule in complete occlusions of the horizontal portion of the middle cerebral artery, but distal carotid occlusions responded less well to thrombolysis. CONCLUSIONS: The intra-arterial route for thrombolysis allows for greater diagnostic precision and achievement of a higher concentration of the thrombolytic agent in the vicinity of the clot. Disadvantages of this therapy lie in the cost and delay. Severity of stroke and site of angiographic occlusion may be important predictors of successful treatment.