In-hospital complications among survivors of admission for congestive heart failure,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,or diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of hospital complications among survivors of inpatient treatment for congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or diabetes mellitus (DM). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Nine Veterans Affairs hospitals in the southern United States. PATIENTS: 1,837 men veterans discharged alive following hospitalization for CHF, COPD, or DM between January 1987 and December 1989. This patient population represents a subset of cases gathered to study the process of care in the hospital and subsequent early readmission; thus, veterans who died in the hospital were not included. MEASUREMENTS: Medical record review to record the occurrence of any of 30 in-hospital complications such as cardiac arrest, nosocomial infections, or delirium (overall agreement between two reviewers=84%, kappa=0.37). RESISTS: Complications occurred in 15.7% of the CHF cases, 13.1% of the COPD cases, and 14.8% of the DM cases. Hypoglycemic reactions were the most frequent individual adverse events in the CHF and DM cases (3.6% and 11.4% of the cases, respectively), and theophylline toxicity was most frequent among the COPD cases (4.9%). Patient age, the presence of comorbid diseases, and the Acute Physiology Score (APS) of APACHE II were associated with complication occurrence. For each disease, the patients who had a complication had significantly longer mean hospital stays than did the patients who did not have complications (14.6 to 14.9 days vs 7.2 to 8.2 days, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Complications are frequent among patients discharged alive with CHF, COPD, or DM. The patients who experienced complications were more ill on admission and had longer hospital stays. Received from the Houston Center for Quality of Care and Utilization Studies, Houston Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Presented in part at the annual meeting of the American Federation for Clinical Research, Washington, DC, May 1, 1993, and the VA HSR & D Career Development Awardees Conference, Washington, DC, April 25, 1994. Supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Services Research & Development Service, VA HSR & D IIR 89.061.1 (Dr. Ashton), and by a Research Associate Career Development Award (Dr. Geraci).     

比索洛尔在慢性心力衰竭合并慢性阻塞性肺病患者中的应用观察

目的 观察比索洛尔对慢性心力衰竭（CHF）合并COPD患者的疗效及安全性.方法 将43例CHF合并COPD患者随机分成两组,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用比索洛尔.比较两组治疗前及治疗6个月后的血压、心率、血气分析、心功能和肺功能的变化情况.结果 治疗组治疗后的心率、血压、LVEF、LVED、LVSD、6MWT和NYHA心功能分级指标与对照组有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,而两组的血气分析和肺功能（FEV1%、FEV1/FVC）差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 比索洛尔用于治疗CHF合并COPD患者安全有效.     

慢性阻塞性肺病合并糖尿病患者免疫功能变化及其意义

目的 研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并糖尿病的免疫功能变化并探讨临床意义.方法 78例COPD稳定期病例分为COPD合并糖尿病(COPD+DM)组和COPD组,同时选择20例健康人作为对照组,分别测定周血细胞免疫、和体液免疫.结果 COPD+ DM组IgA、IgG、IgM、CD4+水平均低于COPD组和对照组,CD8+水平高于COPD组和对照组,CD4 +/CD8+倒置更为明显,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而CD3+水平在各组之间无差异(P＞0.05).结论 糖尿病加重COPD免疫功能失调,控制糖尿病对于提高COPD免疫功能有重要意义.     

The prognostic influence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients hospitalised for chronic heart failure

AIMS: To investigate the prevalence and the prognostic impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in patients hospitalised with chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS AND RESULTS: In an observational study based on longitudinal information from administrative registers, 1020 patients aged >or=60 years, who were chronically treated for and hospitalised with CHF were identified and followed-up for major events up to 1 year. Median age was 80 years, half of the patients were female and 241 patients (23.6%) had concomitant COPD. There were no differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular comorbidities between CHF patients with or without COPD. However, COPD patients were more often male (60.6% vs. 46.3%), more frequently treated with diuretics (95.9% vs. 91.5%) but less often exposed to beta-blockers (16.2% vs. 22.0%). Significantly higher adjusted in-hospital (HR 1.50 [95%CI 1.00-2.26]) and out-of-hospital (1.42 [1.09-1.86]) mortality rates were found in CHF patients with concomitant COPD. A higher occurrence of non-fatal AMI/stroke/rehospitalisation for CHF (1.26 [1.01-1.58]) as well as hospitalisation for CHF (1.35 [1.00-1.82]) was associated with COPD. CONCLUSIONS: COPD is a frequent concomitant disease in patients with heart failure and it is an independent short-term prognostic indicator of mortality and cardiovascular comorbidity in patients who have been admitted to hospital for heart failure.     

56例慢性肺源性心脏病临床分析

目的　探讨慢性肺源性心脏病的临床特点及防治措施。方法　对 2 0 0 2年 10月至 2 0 0 4年 1月 5 6例慢性肺心病的临床表现、实验室及辅助检查和治疗措施进行回顾性析。结果　慢性肺源性心脏病的病因以慢性阻塞性肺疾病最常见 ,多有长期大量吸烟史 ;临床表现有发热、咳嗽、咳白粘痰、呼吸困难、肺部罗音、紫绀和浮肿 ,常合并有电解质紊乱、肝肾功能损害 ;死因主要为心力衰竭和呼吸衰竭。结论　慢性肺源性心脏病病情复杂 ,常合并有多脏器功能改变 ,临床治疗应采取以抗感染、合理氧疗、加强营养和对症治疗为主的综合措施 ,机械通气治疗日益受到重视。戒烟和预防上呼吸道感染是减少发病率和阻止病情发展的重要措施。     

Acute care costs of patients admitted for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: contribution of disease severity,infection and chronic heart failure

Background: In 2003, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) accounted for 46% of the burden of chronic respiratory disease in the Australian community. In the 65–74‐year‐old age group, COPD was the sixth leading cause of disability for men and the seventh for women. Aims: To measure the influence of disease severity, COPD phenotype and comorbidities on acute health service utilization and direct acute care costs in patients admitted with COPD. Methods: Prospective cohort study of 80 patients admitted to the Royal Melbourne Hospital in 2001–2002 for an exacerbation of COPD. Patients were followed for 12 months and data were collected on acute care utilization. Direct hospital costs were derived using Transition II, an activity‐based costing system. Individual patient costs were then modelled to ascertain which patient factors influenced total direct hospital costs. Results: Direct costs were calculated for 225 episodes of care, the median cost per admission was AU$3124 (interquartile range $1393 to $5045). The median direct cost of acute care management per patient per year was AU$7273 (interquartile range $3957 to $14 448). In a multivariate analysis using linear regression modelling, factors predictive of higher annual costs were increasing age (P= 0.041), use of domiciliary oxygen (P= 0.008) and the presence of chronic heart failure (P= 0.006). Conclusion: This model has identified a number of patient factors that predict higher acute care costs and awareness of these can be used for service planning to meet the needs of patients admitted with COPD.     

慢性肺源性心脏病76例临床分析

目的探讨慢性肺源性心脏病的临床特点及防治措施。方法对76例慢性肺源性心脏病进行临床资料分析。结果慢性肺源性心脏病的病因以慢性阻塞性肺疾病最常见,多有长期大量吸烟史;临床表现以发热、咳嗽、咳白粘痰、呼吸困难、肺部啰音、紫绀和浮肿为主,咳痰以白粘痰为主;常合并有电解质紊乱、肝肾功能损害;死因主要为心力衰竭和呼吸衰竭。结论慢性肺源性心脏病病情复杂,常合并有多脏器功能改变。临床治疗应采取以抗感染、合理氧疗、加强营养和对症治疗为主的综合措施及机械通气治疗。     

国产头孢吡肟注射液治疗COPD急性加重期合并糖尿病的临床观察

目的评价国产头孢吡肟注射液治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）合并糖尿病的临床疗效和安全性。方法选择AECOPD合并糖尿病患者60例,每组30例,分别使用头孢吡肟和头孢哌酮治疗,观察两组的有效率和细菌清除率。结果头孢吡肟和头孢哌酮的有效率分别为93．3％、63．3％,细菌清除率分别为93．1％、67．8％,有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论国产头孢吡肟治疗AECOPD合并糖尿病安全、有效。     

AECOPD伴左心衰心脏彩超与X线分析

目的探讨AECOPD合并左心衰竭心脏彩超与X线胸片表现特点。方法对近一年内收治的27例AECOPD合并左心衰竭心脏彩超与X线胸片行回顾性分析和总结。结果心脏彩超表现：左室壁运动幅度减低伴或不伴左室舒张功能减低24例,左室增大13例,左房增大7例,双室增大5例,右室增大3例,心包积液3例。X线心脏表现：心胸比例增大（0.52或以上）21例,心影呈主动脉型13例,心影呈普大型5例,心影呈二尖瓣型3例,心影未见明显增大6例;X线肺部表现：12例双上肺静脉充盈扩张、双下肺静脉影变细,9例肺纹理增强、肺门影增大模糊,3例单侧或双侧少量胸腔积液,2例KerleyB线,1例肺门区蝶翼征。结论 X线结合心脏彩超有助于AECOPD合并左心衰竭的诊断。     

Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease the quandary of Beta-blockers and Beta-agonists

The combination of heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presents many therapeutic challenges. The cornerstones of therapy are beta-blockers and beta-agonists, respectively. Their pharmacological effects are diametrically opposed, and each is purported to adversely affect the alternative condition. The tolerability of beta-blockade in patients with mild and fixed airflow obstruction likely extends to those with more severe disease. However, the evidence is rudimentary. The long-term influence of beta-blockade on pulmonary function, symptoms, and quality of life is unclear. Low-dose initiation and gradual up-titration of cardioselective beta-blockers is currently recommended. Robust clinical trials are needed to provide the answers that may finally allay physicians' mistrust of beta-blockers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Beta-agonists are associated with incident heart failure in patients with pulmonary disease and with increased mortality and hospitalization in those with existing heart failure. These purported adverse effects require further investigation. In the meantime, clinicians should consider carefully the etiology of dyspnea and obtain objective evidence of airflow obstruction before prescribing beta-agonists to patients with heart failure.     

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients admitted with heart failure

Objective. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important differential diagnosis in patients with heart failure (HF). The primary aims were to determine the prevalence of COPD and to test the accuracy of self‐reported COPD in patients admitted with HF. Secondary aims were to study a possible relationship between right and left ventricular function and pulmonary function. Design. Prospective substudy. Setting. Systematic screening at 11 centres. Subjects. Consecutive patients (n = 532) admitted with HF requiring medical treatment with diuretics and an episode with symptoms corresponding to New York Heart Association class III‐IV within a month prior to admission. Interventions. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured by spirometry and ventricular function by echocardiography. The diagnosis of COPD and HF were made according to established criteria. Results. The prevalence of COPD was 35%. Only 43% of the patients with COPD had self‐reported COPD and one‐third of patients with self‐reported COPD did not have COPD based on spirometry. The prevalence of COPD in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (i.e. LVEF ≥45%) was significantly higher than in patients with impaired LVEF (41% vs. 31%, P = 0.03). FEV₁ and FVC were negatively correlated with right ventricular end‐diastolic diameter and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and FVC positively correlated with systolic gradient across the tricuspid valve. Conclusion. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is frequent in patients admitted with HF and self‐reported COPD only identifies a minority. The prevalence of COPD was high in both patients with systolic and nonsystolic HF.     

AECOPD心衰患者BNP、cTnI的变化及与心功能关系

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）并充血性心力衰竭（CHF）患者血清脑钠素（BNP）、心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）变化及与心功能关系。方法选择住院的AECOPD患者65例,其中合并CHF组30例,无CHF组35例。于治疗前后,用ELISA、RIA法测定血清BNP、cTnI含量;彩色多普勒超声心动图（CDE）测定左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室短轴缩短率（LVFS）;SPSS13.0软件分析数据。结果治疗前,CHF组血清BNP、cTnI含量明显升高,LVEF和LVFS水平降低,与无CHF组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）;CHF组BNP、cTnI与LVEF、LVFS均呈直线负相关。治疗后,CHF组血清BNP、cTnI含量明显降低,LVEF、LVFS水平升高（P〈0.01）。结论血清BNP、cTnI含量作为诊断AECOPD合并CHF的指标具有很好的临床价值。     

Effects of trimetazidine in combination with bisoprolol in patients with chronic heart failure and concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:To the best of our knowledge, there is no study that has conducted a review investigating the clinical efficacy and safety of bisoprolol combined with trimetazidine on chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, in order to provide new evidence-based medical evidence for clinical treatment, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of bisoprolol combined with trimetazidine on CHF patients with COPD.Methods:Seven electronic databases including Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Wanfang Data, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library will be searched in April 2021 by 2 independent reviewers. For search on PubMed, the following search terms will be used: “trimetazidine, bisoprolol, chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.” In order to achieve a consistency of extracted items, the data extractors will extract data from a sample of eligible studies. The outcomes include all-cause mortality and hospitalization for cardiac or/and respiratory causes; left ventricular structure and function; and functional scores. Review Manager software (v 5.4; Cochrane Collaboration) will be used for the meta-analysis. Two independent reviewers will assess the risk of bias of the included studies at study level. Any disagreements will be discussed and resolved in discussion with a third reviewer.Results:The results of our review will be reported strictly following the PRISMA criteria.Conclusions:The review will add to the existing literature by showing compelling evidence and improved guidance in clinic settings.OSF registration number:10.17605/OSF.IO/ZWPRB.     

脑钠肽对评估慢性阻塞性肺病和慢性肺源性心脏病严重程度的意义

目的探讨脑钠肽(Nt-pro-BNP)对评估慢性阻塞性肺病和慢性肺源性心脏病严重程度的意义。方法应用酶联免疫吸附法对比慢性阻塞性肺病急性发作期组、慢性肺源性心脏病代偿期组、慢性肺源性心脏病失代偿期组血清中血浆Nt-pro-BNP。结果慢性阻塞性肺病急性发作期组、慢性肺源性心脏病代偿期组、慢性肺源性心脏病失代偿期组血清中Nt-pro-BNP含量分别为185±21 pg/ml,1128±76 pg/ml,7893±248 pg/ml,组间比较,差异显著。结论脑钠肽对评估慢性阻塞性肺病和慢性肺源性心脏病严重程度的有重要意义。     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期合并2型糖尿病患者血清同型半胱氨酸水平分析

目的探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期(AECOPD)合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平及其临床意义。方法选取50例老年AECOPD合并T2DM住院患者为研究组、单纯AECOPD组35例,同时设30例老年非COPD患者作为对照组。观察3组血清Hcy水平变化。结果与对照组比较,老年AECOPD合并T2DM组和老年单纯AECOPD组血清Hcy水平、高Hcy血症检出率均显著增高(P0.01),且老年AECOPD合并T2DM组较老年单纯AECOPD组血清Hcy水平、高Hcy血症检出率增高(P0.05)。结论老年AECOPD患者血清中Hcy水平升高,且合并T2DM状态下进一步加重AECOPD病情。     

Short-term outcomes in heart failure patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the community

AIM:To establish the short term outcomes of heart failure(HF)patients in the community who have concurrent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).METHODS:We evaluated 783 patients(27.2%)with left ventricular systolic dysfunction under the care of a regional nurse-led community HF team between June 2007 and June 2010 through a database analysis.RESULTS:One hundred and one patients(12.9%)also had a diagnosis of COPD;94% of patients were treated with loop diuretics,83% with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors,74% with β-blockers;10.6% with bronchodilators;and 42% with aldosterone an-tagonists.The mean age of the patients was 77.9 ± 5.7 years;43% were female and mean New York Heart Association class was 2.3 ± 0.6.The mean follow-up was 28.2 ± 2.9 mo.β-blocker utilization was markedly lower in patients receiving bronchodilators compared with those not taking bronchodilators(overall 21.7% vs 81%,P < 0.001).The 24-mo survival was 93% in patients with HF alone and 89% in those with both comorbidities(P = not significant).The presence of COPD was associated with increased risk of HF hospitalization [hazard ratio(HR):1.56;95% CI:1.4-2.1;P < 0.001] and major adverse cardiovascular events(HR:1.23;95% CI:1.03-1.75;P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:COPD is a common comorbidity in ambulatory HF patients in the community and is a powerful predictor of worsening HF.It does not however appear to affect short-term mortality in ambulatory HF patients.     

血B型尿钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)在急诊老年COPD合并心衰患者中的临床意义探讨

目的探讨急诊COPD合并心衰患者检测NT-proBNP的临床意义。方法选取我院2010年3月~2012年10月收治的98例COPD患者作为研究对象,选取单纯COPD患者50例患者作为对照组,COPD合并心衰患者48例作为观察组,比较NT-proBNP水平组间差异及治疗前后差异。结果两组患者NT-proBNP及LVEF、LVFS水平比较均有显著差异(P0.01),治疗后观察组NT-proBNP水平与对照组比较仍有显著差异(P0.01),不同心功能分级患者NT-proBNP水平比较有显著差异(P0.01)。结论急诊可应用NTproBNP检测作为判断COPD是否合并心衰的可靠指标。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺心病患者预后的相关因素分析

目的探讨影响慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并肺心病患者预后的相关因素和防治措施。方法对170例CDPD合并肺心病住院患者的预后进行临床分析。结果本组资料显示患者年龄越大，病死率越高，80岁以上患者病死率高达36．11％。COPD病情和右心功能不全越严重，病死率越高。重度COPD和右心功能不全病死率分别为28．89％和38．78％。患者急性加重次数越多，病死率越高，每年急性加重次数〉3次者，病死率高达46．0％。患者冬季病死率最高（57．78％），夏季最少（2．22％）。重度营养不良者，病死率高达68．75％。≥3个合并症者病死率高达62．85％。PaO2〈6.65kPa者病死率高达49．02％。结论年龄、病情严重程度、急性加重次数、合并症、营养状况及动脉血气等因素均与COPD肺心病患者的预后关系密切，在综合治疗的同时，应重视营养支持氧疗。