25％乙基硫环磷农药的诱变性研究

本文对新型有机磷农药，２５％乙基硫环磷进行了Ａｍｅｓ及微核两项诱变性试验研究。Ａｍｅｓ试验中，无论是否加入Ｓ９活化系统，２５％乙基硫环磷均未能诱发回变菌落数的增加；微核试验的各剂量组ＰＣＥ微核率也较低，（２‰～３‰），与阴性对照相比无显著性差异。     

维那利酮的诱变试验研究

作者应用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验,小鼠骨髓红细胞微核试验及CHL细胞染色体畸变试验,对维那利酮(OPC-8212)的诱变性进行了试验研究,其结果均为阴性。说明 OPC-8212不诱发原核细胞基因突变,也不会导致体内、体外染色体畸变,是一种安全可靠的强心剂。     

氨利酮与甲腈吡酮的诱变性试验研究

作者应用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回变试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验及CHO细胞染色畸变试验,对国产氨利酮与甲腈吡酮进行诱变性试验研究。结果:氨利酮和甲腈吡酮在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回变试验均为阴性,CHO细胞染色体畸变试验均为阳性;氨利酮剂量为其临床有效剂量的70～210倍时,小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验为阳性,甲腈吡酮则为阴性。提示该两药均不引起基因突变,但氨利酮可能在体内、外引起染色体损伤,甲腈吡酮在体外引起染色体损伤,可能通过体内代谢变弱,故在诱变性方面甲腈吡酮可能比氨利酮更为安全。     

柴油机排放颗粒物有机组分的致突变试验

采用小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞及体外培养中国仓鼠卵巢细胞，对国产跃进牌中型柴油机排放颗粒物的不同有机组分进行体内外体外微核试验。结果表明；各组分均能引起体内ＰＣＥ及体外培养ＣＨＯ细胞微核率的增加，且在一定剂量范围内微核率随剂量增加而增加，各组分中以有机碱，多环芳烃和极性化合物的致突变性较强。     

萘丁美酮的诱变性和致癌性研究

为了探讨萘丁美酮的诱变性和致癌性，选用Ａｍｅｓ试验（采用ＴＡ９７、ＴＡ９８、ＴＡ１００、ＴＡ１０２４个标准菌株）、小鼠骨髓微核试验、体外培养的ＣＨＬ细胞染色体畸变分析、小鼠睾丸生殖细胞染色体畸变分析和叙利亚地鼠胚胎细胞（ＳＨＥ）转化试验进行了研究。结果所有试验均为阴性结果，未见萘丁美酮有诱变性和致癌性。     

萘丁美酮的诱变性和致癌性研究

为了探讨萘丁美酮的诱变性和致癌性，选用Ａｍｅｓ试验（采用ＴＡ９７、ＴＡ９８、ＴＡ１００、ＴＡ１０２４个标准菌株）、小鼠骨髓微核试验、体外培养的ＣＨＬ细胞染色体畸变分析、小鼠睾丸生殖细胞染色体畸变分析和叙利亚地鼠胚胎细胞（ＳＨＥ）转化试验进行了研究。结果所有试验均为阴性结果，未见萘丁美酮有诱变性和致癌性。     

五氧化二钒,四氯化钛微核试验中的联合作用研究

目的：探讨五氧化二钒、四氧化钛在环境中共存时对机体可能存在的遗传毒作用。方法：微核试验,观察不同混合剂量的微核率。结果：单纯四氯化钛组为阴性,其余各组为阳性,但无显著性差异。结论：五氧化二钒和四氯化钛在微核试验中的联合作用表现为五氧化二钒单独的诱变性。     

氟化钠的遗传毒性研究

采用紫露草花粉母细胞微核试验、小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验和Ames试验检测氟化钠诱变性。结果显示,氟化钠可使紫露草花粉母细胞微核率和小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核率显著增高;但Ames试验结果为阴性,表明氟化钠具有条件诱变性,是诱变剂。     

苯乙腈类化合物对体外微核率及SCE影响的研究

本文采用体外微核试验、姐妹染色单体交换试验的检测方法,研究了五种苯乙腈类有机污染物的遗传毒性。结果表明:五种苯乙腈类化合物中除苯乙腈无明显的致突变性外,其它四种化合物即:2-对氯苯基-3-甲基丁腈,2-(4′-硝基苯基)-3-甲基丁腈,2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)-3-甲基丁腈和对-甲氧基苯乙腈均具有致突变性,微核率及SCE频率明显高于对照组。同时证明,苯乙腈类化合物的诱变活性与其化学结构有密切关系。     

有机磷农药分子片段诱发沙门氏菌回复突变的计算机辅助评价

用计算机辅助分子片段评价程序分析了５９种有机磷化合物诱发沙门氏菌回复突变的资料。发现：有机磷诱发沙门氏菌回变与带甲基的分子片段有关，而带乙基分子片段的有机磷的阳性概率极低；磷酰基上的氧原子似有增强诱变性的作用，硫代磷酰基上的硫原子则似有减弱作用。提示：在这些相关片段中，甲氧磷酰基片段与有机磷诱发沙门氏菌回变相关，可推荐为有机磷诱发阳性的特征描述符；而乙基硫羰磷酰基阳性的概率极低，为阴性结果的描述符。     

Studies on the Mutagenicity of Hair Dyes Made in China

A total of 13 commercial hair dye products made in China were tested for mutagenicity in 2 short-term bioassays, the histidine-requiring mutants of Sahnonella typhhnurium (strains TA98 and TA100) and the micronucleus test with mouse bone-marrow polychromatic erythrocyte cells in vivo. The results showed that the 13 hair dyes were not mutagenic in strains TA98 and TA100 with and without S-9. In the micronucleus test, no mutagenic effect was observed.     

维那利酮的诱变试验研究

The mutagenicity of domestic Vesnarinone (OPC-8212) was studied by Ames test, micronucleus test of NIH mouse bone marrow and chromosome aberration assay in CHL cells. Negative results were obtained, which suggested that OPC-8212 did not induce prokaryotic cell gene mutation or chromosome damage both in vitro and in vivo.     

文蛤肉水解液的致突变性研究

目的 评价文蛤肉水解液的致突变性，为文蛤的开发利用提供实验数据。方法 采用Ames试验、小鼠嗜多染红细胞骨髓微核试验和CHL细胞体外染色体畸变试验3项致突变性试验，检测文蛤肉水解液有无致突变作用。结果 Ames试验中文蛤肉水解液各剂量组回变菌落数均在正常范围内，均未超过自发回变菌落数的2倍，在加与不加S9时5株试验菌株结果为阴性。CHL细胞体外染色体畸变试验，文蛤肉水解液各剂量组的染色体畸变率与阴性对照组比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），结果为阴性。小鼠骨髓微核试验，各剂量组的微核率与阴性对照组比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），结果为阴性。结论 在本试验条件和范围下，文蛤肉水解液未见潜在的致突变作用。     

合成新药SC001A胺盐的毒性研究

SC1001A is a new sedative, hypnotic and anti-epileptic drug. Screening for possible mutagenicity of the agent consisted of a battery scheme of short-term mutagenic tests with different hereditary detecting end points. Three assays were with in the scheme: Ames test (for detecting gene mutation in vitro), micronucleus test (for detecting chromosomal aberration in vivo) and CHL (Chinese hamster lung cell line) test (for detecting chromosomal aberration in vitro). In addition, a routine teratogenicity study on SC1001A was carried out in mice. They were given daily at 3-dose levels (exposed to up to 33% of the LD50 by gastric incubation from the 6th through the 15th day of gestation. SC1001A gave uniformly negative results in all three mutagenic assay systems. Results of the teratogenic experiment showed that only the pregnant rate in bred mice in the moderate dose group and the mean maternal body weight gain of the dams during gestation in the low dose group were significantly lower than those in the corresponding control group. A clear dose-response relationship was not demonstrated. All dose levels of SC1001A used caused no adverse effects on the number of survival fetuses per litter, growth or development of the fetal mice. No malformations in the external appearance, of the internal organs and of the skeletal systems in fetal mice were observed. The above-mentioned results indicated that SC1001A induced neither gene mutation nor chromosomal damage both in vitro and in vivo. There was no evidence of teratogenesis. Therefore, it is estimated that SC1001A is probably comparatively safe as a pharmaceutical product for human beings in usual dosage.     

"冻干江浙蛇毒"的致突变作用研究

目的:检测"冻干江浙蛇毒"的致突变性,以提供有关致突变的遗传毒性安全评价数据.方法:采用小数骨髓微核试验、微生物回复突变试验(Ames)、仓鼠肺成纤维细胞染色体畸变试验(CHL),研究"冻干江浙蛇毒"的致突变作用.结果:小鼠骨髓微核试验表明,"冻干江浙蛇毒"三个剂量组(1.0、0.5、0.25mg/kg腹腔注射)的微核出现率与阴性对照组(0.9%NaCl)比较无显著性(P＞0.05),与阳性对照组比较有显著性(P＜0.01);Ames试验表明,"冻干江浙蛇毒"采用5000、2500、1250、625和312.5ug/皿剂量时,在加和不加S9条件下,对TA97、TA98、TA100和TA102菌株回复突变菌落数结果为阴性;CHL试验也表明,"冻干江浙蛇毒"4.0、2.0、1.0和0.5ug/ml剂量对中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞(CHL)体外培养染色体无畸变作用.结论:"冻干江浙蛇毒"无致突变性,有良好的应用前景.     

氨利酮与甲腈吡酮的诱变性试验研究

The mutagenicity of domestic new drugs amrinone and milrinone were studied by Ames test, micronucleus test of mouse bone marrow and chromosome aberration assay in CHO cells. The results were as follows: neither amrinone nor milrinone was mutagenic in the Ames test; in chromosome aberration assay, both gave positive results; in mouse micronucleus test, amrinone gave a positive result when mice were exposed to 0.8 LD50 dose, but milrinone gave a negative result. These results suggested that amrinone and milrinone did not induce gene mutation, but amrinone induced chromosome damage both in vitro and in vivo, while the chromosome-damaging activity of milrinone in vitro may be minimized by biodetoxication in vivo.     

氨氯吡啶酸对小鼠骨髓细胞微核及CHL细胞染色体畸变的影响

目的：从体内和体外2个试验体系检测95％氨氯吡啶酸原药的致突变性,预测其遗传危害,为其安全使用提供科学依据。方法：采用小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、中国仓鼠肺细胞(CHL)染色体畸变试验方法检测95％氨氯吡啶酸原药的致突变性。结果：95％氨氯吡啶酸原药各剂量组小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率与阴性对照组比较,差异无统计学意义...     

速效止血粉的致突变试验研究

目的研究速效止血粉的致突变作用,以评价其使用安全性。方法应用Am es试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、体外哺乳动物细胞染色体畸变试验研究其致突变作用。结果 Am es试验显示无致突变作用,小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验阴性,对体外哺乳动物细胞无致染色体畸变作用。结论速效止血粉无直接或间接致突变作用。