单兵增氧呼吸器对高原移居青年体力负荷时心率的影响

目的:探讨单兵增氧呼吸器对高原移居青年心肺功能及体力作业效率的影响。方法:把进驻海拔3700m20天的24名青年随机分为两组,在佩戴与不佩戴高原单兵增氧呼吸器时分别用EGM-Ⅱ型踏车功量计做坐位踏车运动,初始负荷功率为50W,每3min递增50W,以60rpm连续踏车至200W,3min后终止。用直线回归法计算功率200W时的HR及SaO2,记录运动终止5min后恢复HR。结果:佩戴单兵增氧呼吸器组功率200W时SaO2增高;功率200W时的HR、运动终止5min后恢复HR降低,差别均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:在高原佩戴单兵增氧呼吸器能明显提高高原移居青年的心肺功能及体力作业效率。     

单兵增氧呼吸器对高原人体运动自由基代谢的影响

目的观察佩戴单兵高原增氧呼吸器对高原人体运动自由基代谢和血乳酸(BLA)的影响。方法对进驻海拔3 700 m高原20 d的20名健康青年在佩戴增氧呼吸器和不佩戴增氧呼吸器的条件下,采用功率自行车进行递增负荷运动,在运动后测定血中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和BLA含量。结果实验组较对照组MDA,BLA降低,SOD增高,有显著性意义(P<0.05或<0.01)。结论单兵高原增氧呼吸器对高原运动造成的自由基损伤有明显抑制作用,可加速运动后体内代谢产物自由基的清除及疲劳恢复。     

单兵增氧呼吸器对高原移居青年心功能指数的影响

目的探讨单兵增氧呼吸器对高原移居青年体力作业效率的影响。方法对进驻海拔3700m20d的12名青年在佩戴与不佩戴高原单兵增氧呼吸器时分别用EGM-Ⅱ型踏车功量计做坐位踏车运动,初始负荷功率为50W,每3min递增50W,以60r/min连续踏车至200W3min后终止。按公式计算心功能指数。结果佩戴单兵增氧呼吸器时心功能指数为52.73±4.67;不佩戴时心功能指数为48.35±4.32,佩戴时较不佩戴时心功能指数明显增高,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论在高原佩戴单兵增氧呼吸器能明显提高高原移居青年的心功能及体力作业效率。     

单兵增氧呼吸器对高原人体运动自由基代谢的影响

运动源性自由基产生过多是造成运动性疲劳和损伤的重要因素。高原是一个特殊环境,对人类生命安全威胁最大的是低氧。本研究应用第四军医大学医学生物工程系研制的“单兵高原增氧呼吸器”在负荷运动下对自由基代谢和血乳酸(BLA)进行了观察,探讨单兵高原增氧呼吸器对高原运动机体抗疲劳作用。作者选取自平原进驻海拔3 700m、20d的某部20名健康青年,年龄(17~23)岁,平原出生,上高原前经体检确认健康。每位受试者在佩戴增氧呼吸器和不佩戴增氧呼吸器的条件下,采用功率自行车进行递增负荷运动,在运动后测定血中超氧化物歧酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)…     

富氧水对进驻海拔5380m青年抗低氧效果的观察

目的观察富氧水在高原的抗低氧效果。方法在海拔5380 m选择已习服2个月的男性士兵10名,分别在连续口服富氧水3 d前后做台阶运动负荷实验。结果服用3 d后与服用前比较,安静状态下和停止踏阶即刻心率(HR)显著降低(P<0.05);血氧饱和度(SaO2)及台阶指数显著增高(P<0.05)。结论口服富氧水3 d可改善高原低氧血症,增强进驻青年的运动能力。     

富氧室对海拔5380m高原人体运动血气及心率的影响

目的　探讨富氧室对高原人体运动血气及心率的影响。方法　在海拔 5 380m高原建立富氧室 ,对 10名健康青年在进入富氧室前后分别进行踏阶运动 ,检测血气指标、运动后即刻心率和 5min恢复心率。结果　富氧运动后较未富氧运动后PCO2 ,PO2 和SaO2 均增高 ,AaDO2 、5min恢复心率降低 ,有非常显著差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,pH、运动后即刻心率无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　富氧室能改善高原缺氧人体气体交换和心肌功能效应 ,增强氧合功能。     

西地那非在高原的抗低氧效果观察

目的：观察西地那非在高原的抗低氧效果。方法：受试者为海拔3700m习服半年和海拔5380m习服2个月的男性士兵各10名,均采用口服同种胶囊的西地那非（西地那非组）和安慰剂（安慰剂组）进行自身对比踏阶负荷运动双盲实验。结果：海拔3700m西地那非组与安慰剂组比较,安静状态下SaO2显著增高（P〈0.05）,心率虽有降低,但无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;踏阶负荷运动后即刻心率显著降低,SaO2显著增高（P〈0.05）;台阶指数显著增高（P〈0.05）。海拔5380m西地那非组与安慰剂组比较,安静状态下和踏阶负荷运动后即刻心率均显著降低,SaO2均显著增高（P〈0.05）;台阶指数显著增高（P〈0.05）。结论：在高原口服西地那非可迅速改善低氧血症,增强运动能力。     

海拔5 380m富氧前后PWC170对比观察

目的观察海拔5 380m富氧对士兵PWC170和台阶指数的影响;方法将室内氧浓度提高到27.30%±0.23%,用自制CO2清除器吸收受试者呼出的CO2气体,检测室内CO2为0.15%±0.07%;10名受试者在富氧室休息睡眠12h,出富氧室后在常氧下做二级定量负荷踏阶运动实验,心电图描记心率,然后与富氧前作对照;结果富氧后较富氧前PWC170和台阶指数均增高,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01和P＜0.05);结论海拔5 380m富氧12h可显著提高士兵的体力作用效率.     

增氧呼吸器对严重急性低压缺氧的防护作用及氧自由基的影响

目的 探索增氧呼吸器对严重急性低压缺氧的防护作用及氧自由基的影响.方法 30只雄性新西兰大白兔随机分为3组,对照组(Con)暴露在海拔400 m(西安市的平均海拔高度)不佩戴增氧呼吸器;急性低压缺氧组(H)暴露在模拟海拔8 500 m环境180 min,不佩戴增氧呼吸器;急性低压缺氧呼吸器防护组(P)暴露在模拟海拔8 500 m环境180 min,佩戴增氧呼吸器.各组动物均于进舱时、气压降至海拔8500 m即刻、30、60、120、180 min抽取动脉血0.5 mL进行实时血气分析,并于实验结束时抽取动脉血2mL进行超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛含量(MDA)测定.结果 H组各时间点PaO2、SaO2及终点SOD活性均低于Con组,P组则均高于H组,两组血气均于8 500 m 30 min时降至最低.血清MDA浓度H组显著高于Con组,P组显著低于H组,各组间比较均P＜0.001.结论 佩戴增氧呼吸器能提高严重急性低压缺氧时PaO2、SaO2及SOD活性,从而在一定程度上防护缺氧所致的自由基损害.     

氧烛对缺氧性肺动脉高压青年血氧饱和度与心率的影响

目的在高海拔地区(5 200 m)利用氧烛建立富氧室观察对缺氧性肺动脉高压移居青年血氧饱和度(SaO2)及心率(HR)的影响。为防治高原缺氧性肺动脉高压,减少高原移居者急慢性高原病的发生,寻觅新的方法和途径。方法选择驻守在海拔5 200 m以上地区1年、经超声心动图和心电图检测拟诊为肺动脉高压的8名受试者在该海拔夜间睡眠时,分别监测常氧和富氧(氧浓度为24%～25%)条件下的SaO2和HR。结果富氧较常氧条件下SaO2增高,有统计学差异(P<0.01);富氧较常氧下HR降低,有统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论用氧烛制作富氧室可显著改善低氧环境条件下肺的氧合效率、提高动脉血氧饱和度,降低心率,从而使人体缺氧状态得以充分改善。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.