乳腺摄影与超声弹性成像对乳腺疾病诊断的对比性研究

目的:评价乳腺摄影、普通超声及超声联合弹性成像技术对乳腺病变的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析1l6个乳腺病灶(恶性30个、良性86个)的术前乳腺摄影、普通超声及超声联合弹性成像对乳腺疾病的诊断结果,将病变按BI-RADS分类后,分别与病理结果对照分析,计算三种方法诊断的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率,采用McNemar 2检验,评价诊断效果。结果:乳腺摄影、普通超声及超声联合弹性成像诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为:46.67%、95.35%、82.76%、77.78%、83.68%;63.33%、96.51%、87.93%、82.61%、89.25%;86.67%、96.51%、93.97%8、3.87%97.65%。乳腺摄影成像与超声弹性成像诊断结果有统计学差异(P(0.05),普通超声与超声弹性成像诊断结果有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:超声弹性成像作为超声诊断的辅助模式之一,有助于提高超声乳腺检查的准确性。     

全野数字乳腺摄影系统在乳腺检查中的应用价值研究

目的:探讨全野数字乳腺摄影系统在乳腺检查中的应用价值。方法:收集我院进行乳腺检查患者321例进行研究评价,其中,CR乳腺摄影148例,全野数字乳腺摄影173例,分析评价检查时间、图像质量、诊断阳性率,乳腺癌的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性。结果:CR乳腺摄影平均检查时间13.6min/人,甲级片率91%、诊断阳性率83.1%,其敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为86.8%、89.4%、88.6%。全野数字乳腺摄影系统平均检查时间5.7min/人,甲级片率97%,诊断阳性率92.5%,其诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为91.8%、93.7%、93.1%。结论:全野数字乳腺摄影成像技术优于CR钼靶成像技术,且曝光剂量大大减少,提高了图像质量和乳腺疾病的诊断阳性率,减少了检查时间,乳腺癌的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性都有提高。     

乳腺病变的彩色多普勒超声、超声弹性成像与X线钼靶的诊断价值

目的:分析彩色多普勒超声、超声弹性成像与X线钼靶对乳腺病变的影像学表现,探讨彩色多普勒超声、超声弹性成像与X线钼靶在乳腺成像及诊断方面的价值。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的479例患者共502个手术病灶,分别分析彩色多普勒超声、超声弹性成像与X线钼靶的诊断符合率以及三者结合的诊断符合率。结果:彩色多普勒超声、超声弹性成像与X线钼靶的诊断符合率分别为81.90%、83.50%、79.91%,三者相结合诊断符合率为95.62%。结论:①彩色多普勒超声、超声弹性成像对乳腺病变的诊断价值优于X线钼靶;②X线钼靶对钙化诊断价值高;③超声弹性成像对液化诊断价值较高;④三者结合可明显提高诊断符合率。     

超声弹性成像技术与二维灰阶＋CDFI超声诊断乳腺疾病对照研究

目的探讨超声弹性成像与二维灰阶＋CDFI超声在诊断乳腺疾病中的价值。方法以手术病理为诊断标准,对比分析超声弹性成像与二维灰阶＋CDFI超声诊断乳腺疾病的准确性。结果超声弹性成像诊断乳腺恶性病变的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为83%、98%、95%。二维灰阶＋CDFI超声诊断乳腺恶性病变的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为82%、78%、79%。结论超声弹性成像诊断乳腺病变的准确性高于二维灰阶＋CDFI超声,但两者结合可望提高乳腺良恶性病变诊断的准确性。     

钼靶X线摄影与1.5T MRI对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断价值

目的 探讨钼靶X线摄影与MRI对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断价值.方法 收集临床资料完整,经手术病理结果证实并于术前1～2周进行过临床触诊、钼靶X线摄影乳腺肿块138例,对48例X线表现不典型病例行MRI平扫及动态增强检查,并与手术病理结果做对照分析. 结果本组中恶性病变71例,良性病变67例.钼靶X线摄影的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为81.69%、76.12%及78.99%.MRI结合平扫、DCE-MRI早期强化率及时间-密度曲线诊断,MRI检查的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为87.50%、83.33%及85.42%. 48例患者MRI与钼靶X线摄影对病变的符合情况准确性比较具有统计学意义(χ2=4.063,P0.05).结论 钼靶X线摄影与1.5T MRI二者结合可明显提高乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断准确率.     

灰阶超声结合超声弹性成像改良评分法在甲状腺实性结节中的应用

目的:探讨超声弹性成像改良评分法在诊断甲状腺结节良恶性中的价值。方法:对45例共71个实性结节进行弹性成像,按新评分法分为五级,并与病理结果进行相关分析。结果:灰阶超声诊断甲状腺疾病良恶性的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别是81%、94%、90.1%;新评分法诊断甲状腺疾病良恶性的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别是85.7%、96%、93%;二者联合使用敏感性、特异性、准确性分别是85.7%、98%、94.4%结论:改良评分法简便、准确、易于操作,与灰阶超声结合有助于提高对甲状腺疾病的诊断。     

乳腺全容积超声、钼靶X线摄影对乳腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断价值

目的：探讨全容积超声（ABVS）、钼靶X线摄影对乳腺结节的诊断价值。方法：收集93例经病理确诊的乳腺结节患者,均行ABVS、钼靶X线摄影检查,分析2种检查方式的诊断价值。结果：ABVS和钼靶X线摄影的诊断敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为94.9%、66.7%、93.7%、71.4%、90.3%和75.6%、93.3%、98.3%、42.4%、78.5%。结论：乳腺ABVS与钼靶X线摄影对鉴别乳腺良恶性结节各有优缺点;联合应用多种检查方法能提高乳腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断水平。     

MRI、CT与乳腺X线摄影诊断乳腺疾病临床价值分析

目的探讨MRI、CT及诊断X线摄影等三种检查方法在乳腺疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法对收治的乳腺疾病患者分别采用MRI、CT及乳腺X线摄影进行检查,比较三种检查方法在乳腺疾病诊断中的应用价值。结果乳腺X线摄影、CT和MRI检查出的病灶直径与病理检查结果比较无明显差异。本文98例患者经病理检查发现112枚病灶,其中确诊良性68枚,恶性44枚。乳腺X线摄影诊断良、恶性乳腺病变的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为68.18%、69.12%、68.75%;MRI诊断良、恶性乳腺病变的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为88.64%、91.18%、90.18%;CT诊断良、恶性乳腺病变的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为80.00%、88.06%、84.82%;经统计学分析发现MRI诊断良、恶性乳腺病变的敏感性、特异性及准确性均明显高于乳腺钼靶X线和CT,且差异具有统计学意义。结论乳腺X线摄影有利于早期发现乳腺疾病,MRI、CT增强可提高乳腺疾病诊断特异性和检出率,三者相结合缺点互补大大提高乳腺癌的诊断准确率。     

数字钼靶X线摄影、彩色多普勒超声成像及查体对乳腺肿块性病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨联合数字钼靶X线摄影、彩色多普勒超声成像及查体对乳腺肿块性病变的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析92例经手术、病理证实的乳腺肿块性病变患者的临床、数字钼靶X线摄影及彩色多普勒超声成像资料,患者均为女性,年龄18～80岁,平均49.8岁,良性43例,恶性49例.数字钼靶X线主要观察病变的部位、形状、边缘、有无钙化及患侧腋窝淋巴结,彩色多普勒超声观察并记录肿块的二维声像图特征、肿块内部及周边血流.查体主要观察乳腺的皮肤、乳头及通过触诊了解病变的边缘、质地及活动度等.结果 数字钼靶X线摄影诊断乳腺恶性病变的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确性分别为85.71%、79.07%、82.35%、82.93%及82.61%;彩色多普勒超声为79.59%、83.72%、84.78%、78.26%及81.52%;查体为71.42%、76%、74%、77.78%、70.21%及73.91%;三者联合诊断为91.84%、93.02%、93.75%、93.3%及90.91%.三者联合诊断的准确性明显高于单独诊断(P＜0.05),但三者单独诊断两两比较差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论数字钼靶X线摄影、彩色多普勒超声检查,结合查体后联合诊断,可以提高乳腺肿块性病变的诊断准确性.     

常规超声联合超声弹性成像诊断甲状腺癌

目的探讨常规超声及弹性成像二者联合应用对甲状腺癌的诊断价值。方法我院行甲状腺癌手术的患者52例,共93个结节,所有患者术前均行常规及弹性成像超声检查,术后经病理证实。诊断甲状腺癌常规超声和弹性成像的准确性、特异性及敏感性。结果常规超声诊断甲状腺癌的敏感性75.86%,特异性84.38%,准确性81.72%;而超声弹性成像诊断甲状腺癌的敏感性89.66%、特异性85.94%、准确性87.10%;常规超声联合超声弹性成像诊断甲状腺癌的敏感性93.10%、特异性90.62%、准确性91.40%。同常规超声诊断相比,二者联合应用对甲状腺良、恶性结节诊断的差异有统计学意义,P〈0.01。结论常规超声联合超声弹性成像应用可提高诊断甲状腺癌的准确性,可为临床诊断提供重要信息。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.