束缚加悬吊应激大鼠脑组织单胺类神经递质的变化及异丙酚对其的影响

目的 研究麻醉剂异丙酚对束缚加悬吊应激大鼠脑组织不同脑区单胺类神经递质去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量的影响.方法 30只雄性SD大鼠随机分成3组,束缚加悬吊应激对照组(S组),小剂量异丙酚(5mg/kg)组(p1组),大剂量异丙酚( 10 mg/kg)组(p2组),输液后6h,断头处死所有大鼠,取脑组织,荧光法测定不同脑区单胺类神经递质NE、DA、5-HT含量.结果 小剂量异丙酚组脑干、小脑组织中5 -HT明显降低,小脑组织中的NE明显升高;大剂量异丙酚组脑干、小脑组织中DA明显升高,小脑组织中的NE明显升高.结论 异丙酚对应激大鼠脑组织不同脑区单胺类神经递质含量有不同的影响,5-HT的降低,NE、DA的升高可能与高血压有关.     

氯胺酮对束缚加悬吊应激大鼠脑组织单胺类神经递质的影响

目的 观察麻醉剂氯胺酮(ketamine)对束缚加悬吊应激大鼠脑组织不同脑区单胺类神经递质去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量的影响.方法 30只雄性SD大鼠随机分成3组,束缚加悬吊应激对照组(S组),非应激氯胺酮组(k1组),束缚加悬吊应激氯胺酮(10 mg/kg)组(k2组),输液后6 h,断头处死所有大鼠,取脑组织,荧光法测定不同脑区单胺类神经递质NE、DA、5-HT含量.结果 氯胺酮麻醉组脑干、皮质NE明显降低,小脑的NE明显升高;脑干、皮质DA明显升高,小脑的DA无明显变化;而小脑氯胺酮麻醉组5-HT明显降低,脑干和皮质无明显变化.结论 氯胺酮对应激大鼠脑组织不同脑区单胺类神经递质含量有不同的影响,5-HT的降低,NE、DA的升高可能与抑郁有关.     

开心散对SAMP8小鼠神经递质的影响

目的观察开心散对快速老化痴呆模型小鼠SAMP8神经递质的影响。方法将40只SAMP8小鼠按随机数字表法分为模型组、开心散高剂量组、开心散低剂量组、艾地苯醌组,每组10只,选10只SAMR1小鼠为正常组。灌胃给药干预8 w后,取血浆及组织上清,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测小鼠脑组织及血浆5-羟色胺(5-HT)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)含量。结果与正常组比较,各组脑组织5-HT、5-HIAA、NE、DA含量显著降低(P<0.01),血浆5-HT、5-HIAA、NE、DA含量显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,开心散高剂量组和低剂量组脑组织5-HT、5-HIAA、NE、DA含量显著升高(P<0.01),血浆5-HT、5-HIAA、NE、DA含量显著降低(P<0.01)。结论开心散可以通过改善快速老化痴呆模型小鼠单胺类神经递质的含量,调整神经递质的不平衡状态,进而改善阿尔茨海默病(AD)的行为和精神症状。     

束缚加悬吊应激模型大鼠不同脑区组织单胺类神经递质的变化

目的研究束缚加悬吊应激对大鼠不同脑区组织单胺类神经递质的影响。方法束缚加悬吊应激6h后,荧光法测定不同脑区单胺类神经递质去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)含量。结果与正常组比较,小脑、间脑5-HT、5-HIAA含量明显下降(均P<0.01)),间脑NE含量明显升高(P<0.01);而大脑、脑干NE、DA、5-HT、5-HIAA无明显变化。结论不同脑区对束缚加悬吊应激的反应性不同,间脑5-HT的下降可能与抑郁症有关。     

固真方对老年大鼠海马和下丘脑单胺类神经递质含量的影响

观察补肾益精方药固真方对老年大鼠海马和下丘脑单胺类神经递质(NE、DA和5-HT)含量影响的结果表明:老年大鼠海马NE、5-HT含量以及下丘脑NE、DA和5-HT含量显著低于青年对照组;而固真方能明显提高老年大鼠海马下降的NE以及下丘脑下降的NE、DA和5-HT含量,但对海马5-HT作用不明显。由此推测,固真方具有部分纠正老年大鼠中枢单胺类神经递质紊乱作用,从而延缓老年大鼠神经内分泌-免疫网的老化,提高胸腺依赖性免疫功能。     

慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠下丘脑单胺类神经递质变化及相互关系

目的研究慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠下丘脑内单胺类神经递质变化及其相互关系。方法首先采用Open-Field法对大鼠进行行为学评分,将得分相近的16只大鼠随机分为对照组和模型组,每组8只。慢性应激造模后.用高效液相色谱-电化学法测定大鼠下丘脑单胺类神经递质5-羟色胺(5-HT)及其代谢产物5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)及其代谢产物3-甲氧基-4-羟苯乙二醇(MHPG)、多巴胺(DA)及其代谢产物高香草酸(HVA)的含量。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠5-HT、5-HIAA、NE、MHPG、DA和HVA含量明显下降(P<0.01);对照组大鼠MHPG与5-HIAA呈正相关(r=0.9576,P<0.05)。模型组大鼠MHPG/5-HIAA比值(2.50±0.69)低于对照组(2.63±0.43),但差异无统计学意义。结论在抑郁大鼠下丘脑内3种神经递质及其代谢产物的浓度明显下降,支持抑郁症5-HT能、NE能和DA能低下假说,同时发现在对照组大鼠下丘脑内5-HT能与NE能系统之间存在着相互关系,而在抑郁症时这种关系发生紊乱。     

雌激素对抑郁大鼠海马单胺类神经递质含量的影响及缰核在其中的作用

目的 探讨雌激素对抑郁大鼠海马内单胺类递质含量的调节以及缰核在其中的作用.方法 雌性Wistar大鼠随机被分成6组:正常对照组( Control)、抑郁模型组(Depression)、假手术组(SHAM)、去卵巢组(OVX)、雌二醇组(OV/ER)、缰核损毁组(Hb lesion).用高效液相色谱法( HPLC)检测各组海马内5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)递质的含量.结果 OVX组大鼠海马内5-HT、NE和DA含量与SHAM组大鼠相比降低,OV/ER组大鼠海马内5-HT、NE和DA含量与OVX组大鼠相比均显著回升.Depression组大鼠海马内5-HT、NE和DA含量与Control组相比明显降低;抑郁大鼠外侧缰核损毁后,海马内的5-HT、NE和DA含量均升高.结论 缰核可以通过对海马功能的影响介导雌激素改善抑郁行为的作用.     

柴胡疏肝散对肝气郁结证大鼠海马及下丘脑单胺类神经递质的影响

目的研究柴胡疏肝散对肝郁证大鼠行为学和大鼠海马及下丘脑单胺类神经递质的影响。方法用慢性束缚应激结合孤养法建立肝郁证大鼠模型,测评开野、蔗糖水实验,采用高效液相色谱法测定大鼠海马及下丘脑单胺类神经递质。结果模型组大鼠的行为学发生了明显变化,海马及下丘脑中5-羟色胺(5-HT)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、多巴胺(DA)含量均下降,去甲肾上腺素(NE)含量呈增加趋势,而柴胡疏肝散能调控其变化趋势。结论柴胡疏肝散能改善肝郁证大鼠行为学的变化,具有治疗肝郁证的作用,其作用机制可能与其能够调节肝郁证大鼠脑5-HT、5-HIAA、NE、DA有关,从而有效发挥抗肝郁作用。     

和解安神汤对肝郁脾虚证候失眠大鼠模型的影响

目的探讨和解安神汤对复合因素所致肝郁脾虚症候失眠大鼠行为学、血液流变学和脑内神经递质含量的影响。方法采用慢性夹尾刺激和腹腔注射对氯苯丙氨酸(PCPA)复合因子造模法建立失眠症符合中医肝郁脾虚证候的大鼠模型,用和解安神汤进行干预,对各组大鼠进行宏观体征观察、行为学评价、血液流变学分析以及下丘脑组织匀浆中5羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)检测,明确和解安神汤对其动物模型的药效学作用,进一步探讨和解安神汤改善肝郁脾虚型失眠症的机制。结果在给予和解安神汤药物治疗后,显著改善睡眠剥夺大鼠的精神状态,改善失眠大鼠异常行为,可以明显降低肝郁脾虚症候失眠大鼠下丘脑中NE、DA含量、提高5-HT含量(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论和解安神汤对治疗失眠有一定疗效,且呈一定量效关系,其改善动物睡眠、治疗失眠的作用机制可能与影响脑内单胺类神经递质含量有关。     

卵巢切除对抑郁症模型小鼠行为学及脑组织单胺类递质含量的影响

目的探讨雌激素(E)低下对慢性不可预知性温和应激(CUMS)抑郁症模型小鼠行为学影响及神经生化机制。方法清洁级昆明小鼠随机分为假手术(Sham)组、卵巢切除(OVX)组、CUMS组、OVX+CUMS组及E治疗组(0.15 mg/kg)。采用小鼠双侧OVX法制备E低下模型,CUMS法制备抑郁症模型。E治疗组于每日应激前1 h灌胃给药,其余各组给予等体积生理盐水,共计21 d。采用阴道上皮角化实验观察小鼠动情周期,观察一般体征及行为学变化,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)检测脑组织单胺类神经递质5-羟色胺(HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)及多巴胺(DA)含量。结果与Sham组比较,除CUMS组外,OVX组、OVX+CUMS组、E治疗组连续7 d阴道脱落细胞涂片未见动情周期变化,证明E低下模型制备成功。应激第21天,与CUMS组比较,OVX+CUMS组一般体征表现为毛色灰暗、粗糙、倦怠不动,抑郁样行为表现为旷场实验(OFT)自发活动及探索活动明显减少、强迫游泳实验(FST)不动时间显著增加、体质量减少,脑组织5-HT、NE及DA含量明显减少(均P<0.01);给予E治疗后,可改善OVX抑郁症模型小鼠一般体征,明显改善抑郁样行为,表现为OFT自发活动及探索活动增加、FST不动时间减少、体质量增加,脑组织5-HT、NE及DA含量明显增加(均P<0.01)。结论外源性补充E可明显改善OVX抑郁症模型小鼠抑郁样行为,其神经生化机制与增加脑组织单胺类神经递质5-HT、NE及DA含量有关。     

Aging and diurnal rhythms of pineal serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, norepinephrine, dopamine and serum melatonin in the male rat

Pineal serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and serum melatonin was measured by radioimmunoassay in rats aged 3 weeks, 8 weeks and 18 months. They were killed either at mid-light or mid-dark of a 12 h light:12 h dark cycle. Diurnal rhythms were observed for 5-HT and 5-HIAA in all ages studied while those for NE and DA were not observed in the 18-month-old animals. Pineal 5-HT and 5-HIAA were higher in 3-week-old rats at mid-dark, and lower at mid-light than in older animals. The pineal content of NE was lower in the 3-week-old rats at mid-dark and mid-light compared with that in the 8-week-old while the DA content was lower at mid-dark. In addition, pineal 5-HT, 5-HIAA, NE and DA were lower in the 18-month-old than in the 8-week-old animals at mid-dark. At mid-dark serum melatonin levels showed an age-related decrease. This study shows that an age-related decrease of pineal 5-HT, 5-HIAA, NE and DA can only be demonstrated at mid-dark and that the age-related decrease of melatonin may not be due to a decrease in sympathetic activity.     

肝炎平对肝纤维化肝组织中去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺的影响

目的：探讨肝炎平在四氯化碳（CCl4）诱导的肝纤维化模型中对肝脏中去甲肾上腺素（NE）和多巴胺（DA）的影响及其抗肝纤维化的可能机制。方法：CCl4诱导大鼠慢性肝纤维化模型。随机分为正常组、肝纤维化模型组和肝炎平治疗组。用高效液相色谱-电化学（HPLC-ECD）法检测肝组织中NE和DA水平。结果：肝炎平组和模型组大鼠肝组织内NE含量明显低于正常组（P〈0．01），且模型组NE含量低于肝炎平组（P〈0．05）；而DA在3组中的含量差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结论：肝炎平可增加肝纤维化肝组织中NE的含量，可能主要通过调节肝纤维化大鼠肝脏中的NE含量而达到抗肝纤维化的作用。     

Maturation of the prolactin and proopiomelanocortin-derived peptide responses to ether stress and morphine: neurochemical analysis

The hormonal and neurochemical responses to acute ether stress, morphine, and/or naloxone were analyzed in infantile (13-day-old) and prepubertal (36-day-old) male CD rats in an attempt to identify a possible neurochemical correlate(s) for the previously demonstrated requisite maturation of the PRL response to ether stress. Neuronal serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) activities were examined in the medial preoptic hypothalamic area (MPOH), medial basal hypothalamic area (MBH), and median eminence (ME). Ether stress increased plasma PRL, ACTH, and beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta end) as well as NE metabolism in the MPOH and MBH and neuronal 5-HT activity in the MBH, and decreased neuronal DA activity in the ME of prepubertal animals. Ether stress elicited similar changes in infantile animals, with the important exceptions that plasma PRL, neuronal 5-HT activity in the MBH, and neuronal DA synthesis in the ME were not affected at this earlier age. Morphine increased plasma PRL, ACTH, and beta end levels, elevated neuronal NE and 5-HT activities in the MPOH and MBH, and decreased DA synthesis in the ME in both infantile and prepubertal animals. Naloxone administration did not alter basal hormone concentrations or neuronal monoamine activity in any brain area, but did prevent all of the morphine-induced changes as well as the ether stress-induced changes in PRL, MBH neuronal 5-HT activity, and DA synthesis in the ME of prepubertal animals. In addition, naloxone augmented the ether stress-induced increases in ACTH and beta end in prepubertal rats. Indirect stimulation of 5-HT neurons by administration of the amino acid precursor of 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptophan, resulted in decreased DA synthesis in the ME of infantile animals and increased plasma PRL levels in that age group, indicating that this portion of the neurochemical connection is already present in infantile animals. Furthermore, the 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced increase in PRL was blocked by pretreatment with naloxone. The results demonstrate that both the ether stress- and morphine-induced increases in plasma PRL, but not in ACTH or beta end, are associated with increased neuronal 5-HT activity in the MBH and a decreased neuronal DA activity in the ME, that these are opiate receptor-mediated effects, and that infantile rats apparently lack a functional opiate-5-HT connection, which matures some time between days 13 and 36 postnatally.     

硒和维生素E对大鼠心肌单胺类物质和单胺氧化酶的影响

本文观察了硒（Ｓｅ）和维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）对大鼠心肌去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）、多巴胺（ＤＡ）、５羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）含量和单胺氧化酶Ａ（ＭＡＯ－Ａ）、单胺氧化酶Ｂ（ＭＡＯ－Ｂ）活性的影响，发现经低Ｓｅ、低ＶＥ饲料喂养１０周，并且处死前经２次冰浴刺激的大鼠心肌ＮＥ含量明显增高，ＭＡＯ－Ａ活性降低，ＭＡＯ－Ｂ活性增加，通过补充饲料中Ｓｅ和ＶＥ，对上述指标有不同程度的改善，并以联合补充Ｓｅ和ＶＥ效果最佳。本研究结     

Effects of Ethanol on Monoamine and Amino Acid Release from Cerebral Cortical Slices of the Alcohol-Preferring P Line of Rats

The effects of 250 mg/100 ml ethanol on the efflux of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and the 35 mM K+-stimulated, Ca2+-dependent release of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, and aspartate from cerebral cortical slices of the alcohol-preferring P line of rats and stock Wistar rats were studied. The K+-stimulated, Ca2+-dependent release of GABA for the P rats was 35% lower, while the release of glutamate was almost twice that of the stock animals. The release of the other compounds was similar for the two groups. Addition of 250 mg/100 ml ethanol to the superfusion media did not alter the release of NE, DA, and 5-HT nor the efflux of DOPAC from cortical slices of either group of rats. However, the K+-stimulated, Ca2+-dependent release of GABA, glutamate, and aspartate was significantly enhanced by ethanol for both the P and stock group of rats. These in vitro data do not support a direct action of ethanol on DA, NE, and 5-HT release or on DOPAC efflux, but suggest a direct action on the transmitter release process for GABA, glutamate, and aspartate in the cerebral cortex.     

Diurnal variations in plasma corticosterone and growth hormone as corrlelated with regional variations in norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin content of rat brain.

Statistically significant diurnal variations in plasma growth hormone (GH) were found to occur in handled male rats. Peak GH values (at miday) appeared to be inversely correlated with the diurnal peak of plasma corticosterone(CS) which occurred after the onset of darkness. Brain amines were examined in the following regions: cortex, striatum, septum, amygdala, pons, midbrain, and hypothalamus. Statistically significant diurnal cycles of serotonin (5-HT) concentration were found in the amygdala and midbrain, significant diurnal alterations in norepinephrine (NE) levels. Ultradian dopamine (DA) cycles were significant in all regions examined. Plasma GH changes were found to be directly correlated with midbrain and amygdala 5-HT levels and with DA levels of all areas except the amygdala, Plasma CS was found to be inversely correlated with striatal and cortical DA and with 5-HT levels of amygdala.     

雌性大鼠衰老过程中下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴功能的变化

本实验对15～17月龄持续动情(CE)大鼠下丘脑5-HT、DA含量、血清LH水平进行了测定,并与3～5月龄动情周期规则组大鼠比较,结果发现:CE大鼠下丘脑5-HT含量增高、DA含量降低、5-HT/DA比值升高,血清LH水平明显升高,提示CE大鼠下丘脑-垂体-卵巢系统的功能已经发生变化,而且这些变化可能与动情周期的紊乱及生殖功能的减退有关。     

Effect of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on regional monoamine metabolism in the adult rat brain

The effects of hypo- and hyperthyroidism were investigated on brain levels and accumulation rates (after pargyline) of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) in discrete brain regions of the adult rat. Whereas NE remained unchanged in all brain areas except in the cerebellum, alterations in brain 5-HT and DA suggest that the behavioral abnormalities associated with thyroid dysfunction in adulthood may be related to neurotransmission disturbances. In hypothyroidism, 5-HT content decreased in cerebral hemispheres and mesodiencephalon and DA content decreased in these regions and also in cerebellum and pons-medulla. Concomitantly, accumulation rate of 5-HT was lower in pons-medulla whereas that of DA was increased in cerebral hemispheres and mesodiencephalon. In hyperthyroidism, 5-HT levels increased in cerebral hemispheres alone. Accumulation rate of 5-HT increased in pons-medulla and that of DA increased in mesodiencephalon. These data indicate that the influence of thyroid hormones on monoamines (MAs) in the adult brain varies with the neurotransmitter and the brain area considered.     

Interactions of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) with hypothalamic neurotransmitters controlling luteinizing hormone and prolactin release

The effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) turnover and hypothalamic serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) and LHRH content preceding and during a progesterone- (P) induced LH and prolactin (PRL) surge were investigated in ovariectomized estrogen-primed rats. THC had no effect on basal LH levels, but it inhibited basal PRL levels and blocked the surges of both LH and PRL. The turnover of NE, as estimated by measuring NE depletion after inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase with alpha-methyl tyrosine (250 mg/kg), in both the anterior (AH) and medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) was significantly inhibited by THC. THC did not significantly affect AH or MBH DA or 5-HT content nor MBH-DA-turnover. Hypothalamic LHRH levels were significantly elevated 4 h after THC administration as compared to the vehicle-injected controls, but pituitary response to exogenous LHRH was not affected. These data suggest that THC inhibits the steroid-induced positive feedback release of LH by reducing NE metabolism and the release of hypothalamic LHRH. Although the mechanism for the inhibition of PRL release by THC is not clear from these experiments, it does not appear that alterations in DA turnover are a contributing factor.     

Effect of acute ether stress on monoamine metabolism in median eminence and discrete hypothalamic nuclei of the rat brain and on anterior pituitary hormone secretion

This study was designed to correlate the endocrine responses elicited by acute ether stress with the changes in metabolism of several monoamines in discrete nuclei of the rat brain. Concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and also of the specific metabolites of NE, DA, and 5-HT, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, respectively, were concurrently measured in microdissected nuclei using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The ratio of the metabolites to their respective amines was used as an estimate of the metabolism of NE, DA, and 5-HT. Acute exposure to ether vapors induced, within 5-15 min, large increments in plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), beta-endorphin, and prolactin (PRL), and decrements in the levels of plasma growth hormone (GH). Significant increases in NE metabolism were observed in the rostral (ANr) and caudal (ANc) divisions of the arcuate nucleus, as well as in the paraventricular (PVN) and dorsomedial nuclei, 15 min after ether stress. A significant decrease in 5-HT metabolism was observed in the PVN, supraoptic nucleus, and ANc, whereas significant increases in 5-HT metabolism were detected in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and ANr. DA metabolism selectively increased in the ANr. The present results indicate that the acute changes in ACTH, beta-endorphin, PRL, and GH release induced by ether exposure are temporally correlated with increases in NE metabolism in many hypothalamic nuclei; a selective increase in DA metabolism restricted to the ANr, and differential effects on 5-HT metabolism, probably reflecting selective activation or inhibition of different populations of 5-HT neurons.