螺旋CT扫描联合数控穿刺引导仪进行立体模拟精确定位穿刺

目的:评估CT导向下数控穿刺引导仪在经皮肺穿刺活检中的临床应用价值.方法:2005-01/2007-12吉林省延边肿瘤医院采用CT导向联合数控穿刺引导仪,对60例胸部病变患者行定位穿刺活检,统计其穿刺准确性及诊断准确率,术后常规行肺CT扫描以观察有无异常或并发症.结果:60例活检病例中,一次性穿刺成功率为100%,活检诊断准确率为100%(60/60).并发症为中轻度气胸,发生率为16.7%;痰带少量血丝发生率为18.3%;肺内出血发生率为6.7%;胸腔内积血发生率为3.3%.无出血感染等其他并发症.结论:应用CT导向和数控穿刺引导仪引导,对肺部占位病变进行穿刺活检,能够达到经皮肺穿刺中实时监控的目的.其操作时间短,方法简单,定位精确,穿刺命中率高,创伤小,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

超声和CT引导经皮胸膜下肺病变穿刺活检的比较

目的对比超声和CT引导经皮胸膜下肺病变穿刺活检的诊断效能及并发症。方法回顾性收集我院因胸膜下肺病变行经皮肺穿刺活检的病例,共316例。根据引导方式,分为US组和CT组。比较两组取材成功率、准确率及并发症发生率等差异。结果两组对良恶性病变诊断准确率差异无统计学意义。US组及CT组取材成功率和并发症发生率分别为96.7%(181/187)及86.0%(111/129)、7.0%(13/187)及16.3%(21/129),差异有统计学意义。两组内不同病变类型的并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义,两组内不同病变大小的并发症发生率差异均有统计学意义。两组间病变大小2 cm和2～5 cm的穿刺并发症发生率差异有统计学意义。结论超声引导和CT引导经皮胸膜下肺病变活检的诊断效能相似,而超声引导比CT引导穿刺活检具有更高的安全性。     

CT导引下肺穿刺活检准确性及并发症因素分析

目的:分析CT导引下肺穿刺活检影响其准确性及引起并发症的各种因素。方法:回顾性分析CT导引肺部病变经皮穿刺活检的184例病例。并分析其准确性和并发症发生率。结果:经手术病理或临床随访证实的184例肿瘤中,穿刺病理证实的肿瘤170例,准确率为92.4%(170/184)。假阴性14例,假阴性率为7.6%(14/184)。无假阳性。并发症:气胸16例(8.7%),出血35例(19.0%),咳血12例(6.5%)。结论:CT导引下穿刺活检对肺部病变的准确性较高,如手术能减少穿刺次数、经过最短的肺组织、缩短操作时间可增加成功率,减少并发症。     

经皮肺穿刺活检术在肺部实性占位性病变中的诊断价值

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术在肺部实性占位性病变中的临床诊断价值及并发症的相关危险因素.方法 回顾性分析重庆市九龙坡区人民医院肿瘤科125例肺部实性占位性病变患者行C T引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术的临床资料,统计穿刺成功率、诊断准确率及误诊率,观察和分析术后并发症及相关危险因素.结果 125例患者124例穿刺成功,穿刺成功率为99.2％;121例穿刺结果与临床最终诊断符合,诊断准确率为96.8％,其中肺部恶性病变104例,一次穿刺诊断阳性率为95.2％(99/104),5例患者二次穿刺或手术确诊.125例患者中27例出现并发症,并发症发生率为21.6％(27/125),其中气胸发生率为8.0％(10/125)、咯血发生率为8.0％(10/125).多因素分析显示,并发症的发生主要与病灶大小、有无基础肺疾病等因素有关,结节直径越小,术后咯血发生率越高(P=0.002),合并基础肺疾病,术后气胸发生率越高(P=0.013).气胸及咯血发生率与性别、年龄、吸烟史及病灶距离胸壁的距离等因素无关(P>0.05).结论 CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术是明确肺部实性占位性病变性质安全、有效的方法.     

CT引导下手动弹簧切割活检针经皮肺活检术在肺周围型病变诊断中的价值——附49例分析

目的：评价CT引导下经皮肺活组织检查（活检）对肺周围型病变的诊断价值。方法：在CT引导下应用手动弹簧切割活检针（德国产）对49例肺周围型病变患者进行经皮肺活检,标本送病理活检,术后立即行CT扫描,观察有否气胸、病灶及穿刺道周围出血等并发症,与外科手术术后病理或内科治疗的疗效比较,计算其对肺周围型病变的诊断准确率。结果：49例中,穿刺活检病理结果为肺癌13例,淋巴瘤2例,结核18例,炎性假瘤7例,2例未能明确诊断（手术病理证实为腺癌）,肺癌的诊断准确率为87%,肺良性病变的诊断准确率为85%,并发症发生率为10%。结论：CT引导下经皮肺活检方法简便、诊断准确率高,且并发症少,是肺周围型病变定性诊断的重要手段。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检在周围型肺部病变中的临床应用

目的:探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检在周围型肺部病变中的临床应用效果。方法:选取2015年10月~2017年4月我院收治113例周围型肺部病变患者,均经术后病理确诊,良性病变51例、恶性病变62例,术前行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检。统计对比CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检结果与术后病理结果符合率。结果:CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检诊断符合率为90.27%(102/113),差异有统计学意义(X2=70.133,P=0.000);穿刺后4例沿穿刺针出血,7例少量气胸,未出现严重并发症。结论:CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检为诊断肺部疾病重要方式,准确性较高,且穿刺后并发症发生率较低,具有较高应用价值。     

CT影像学技术引导经皮肺穿刺活检术对肺结节的诊断准确率及安全性评价

目的:探讨CT影像学技术引导经皮肺穿刺活检术对不同性质肺结节的诊断准确率及安全性。方法:选取2021年12月至2022年6月期间收治的肺结节患者共118例,采取CT影像学技术引导经皮肺穿刺活检术开展诊断,比较肺结节活检结果与手术标本病理结果的一致性,评估该方法对肺结节诊断的准确率,并评价其安全性。结果:所有肺结节患者运用CT影像学技术实施引导经皮穿刺肺结节活检,恶性结节诊断81例,准确率为95.29%;良性病变诊断37例,准确率为86.48%。采用CT影像学技术引导经皮肺穿刺活检对结节大小实施诊断,在直径≤10mm级别、10mm<直径≤20mm级别、20mm<直径≤30mm级别、直径≥30mm级别检出率分别为96.67%、96.67%、100%、96.55%,与临床诊断差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。采用CT影像学技术引导经皮肺穿刺活检对结节性质实施诊断,在实质性结节、纯磨玻璃结节、混合磨玻璃结检出率分别为97.67%、97.14%、90.91%,与临床诊断差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。所有患者总并发症发生率为22.5%,气胸及出血为主要并发症,其中气胸2...     

CT引导下经皮穿刺活检对胸部病变诊断的应用价值

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺活检对胸部病变诊断的应用价值．方法 经皮胸部穿刺50例病变穿刺活检，其中肺部病变43例，纵隔病变3例，胸膜病变4例；经手术病检证实49例，1例穿刺活检未成功。结果 穿刺活检成功49例，穿刺活检成功率98．0％，穿刺活检诊断准确率恶性病变为97．2％，良性病变为92．9％；并发少量气胸3例，中量气胸1例，少量气胸伴肺少量出血1例，并发症发生率10．0％。结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺活检是安全、有效提高胸部病变诊断准确率的方法。     

CT引导下肺穿刺活检诊断肺部肿块准确性的影响因素分析

目的探讨影响CT引导肺穿刺活检诊断准确率的因素。方法回顾性分析CT引导肺部病变穿刺活检264例,对穿刺活检术的诊断正确率与病灶的大小、位置、进针深度进行Logistic回归分析,并分析并发症发生情况。结果CT引导肺穿刺活检诊断正确率分别为87.5%,气胸及病灶周围出血的发生率均为1.9%。Logistic回归发现,病灶的大小是影响穿刺活检正确率的主要因素(Wald=12.891,P=0.00034,OR=0.96)。结论CT引导肺穿刺活检灶诊断准确率均较高,病灶的大小影响穿刺活检的正确率。     

CT引导下热消融联合活检对肺结节的诊断效能

目的 探究CT引导下热消融联合活检对不同大小肺结节的诊断效能。方法 回顾性分析肺结节患者212例,其中112例患者进行单纯活检(单纯活检组),100例患者进行活检联合热消融(联合组),统计两组患者的技术成功率,记录患者术中、术后出现咯血情况,并记录患者术后出现肺出血、气胸等并发症情况。并以患者所取样本的确切病理诊断结果为准,评估两种方法的诊断准确率。结果 两组患者的病理取材均成功进行,技术成功率均达到100%,其中单纯活检组的病理诊断准确率为84.82%,咯血发生率为5.36%,肺出血发生率为28.57%,气胸发生率为22.32%;联合组的病理诊断准确率为87.00%,咯血发生率为1.00%,肺出血发生率为11.00%,气胸发生率为14.00%;其中两组患者的病理诊断准确率、咯血发生率、气胸发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ²分别=0.21、1.93、2.44,P均>0.05),而联合组患者的肺出血发生率明显低于单纯活检组(χ²=10.09,P<0.05)。结论 CT引导下热消融联合活检安全、有效,能达到较为良好的诊断准确性。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.