腹部DynaCT断层及Inspace3D重建图像在肝肿瘤介入治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨Syngo DynaCT断层及Inspace 3D重建图像在肝肿瘤介入治疗中的应用价值。方法35例肝肿瘤介入患者分别进行常规DSA、旋转数字造影(DR)采集后进行Syngo DynaCTA及Inspace 3D图像重建,对两种方法在显示病灶数目和肝癌血供方面进行对比研究。结果7例常规DSA没有发现小病灶,6例在重建后DynaCT断层及Ins-pace 3D图像上有肝肿瘤小病灶(χ2=4.16,P<0.05)。5例常规DSA肝肿瘤因血管严重重叠,不能分辨供血动脉走行,采用Syngo DynaCT断层及Inspace 3D重建的图像上其供血动脉分支及走行清晰显示。3D图像上还发现4例肝脏局部异常灌注。结论Syngo DynaCT断层及Inspace 3D图像在显示肝亚段动脉分支和明确肿瘤供血动脉方面具有明显优势,能提高微小肝肿瘤病灶及异常病变的检出率,它对肝肿瘤病变的诊断和治疗具有重要的临床应用价值。     

超声弹性成像及血流成像鉴别非肿块型乳腺病变良恶性的应用价值

探讨应用超声血流成像和超声弹性成像检查鉴别非肿块型乳腺病变良恶性的价值。选择2018年4月至2019年5月在本院接受诊治的非肿块型乳腺病变患者80例,均予以超声血流成像和超声弹性成像检查。以术后病理检查结果为金标准,比较两种检查方式的诊断准确性。80例非肿块型乳腺病变均为单一病灶。其中44例恶性病灶,包括2例低分化腺癌、2例黏液腺癌伴原位癌、3例浸润性小叶癌、4例浸润性导管癌伴原位癌、20例导管内癌、13例浸润性导管癌。36例良性病灶,包括1例乳腺凝胶性假瘤、导管内乳头状瘤和浆细胞性乳腺炎各4例、3例囊性增生伴大汗腺化生、4例纤维腺瘤、20例良性病变腺病。超声弹性成像评估非肿块型乳腺病变准确度为86.3%(69/80);敏感度为81.8%(36/44)、特异度为91.7%(33/36);超声血流成像评估非肿块型乳腺病变准确度为77.5%(62/80);敏感度为72.7%(32/44)、特异度为83.3%(30/36)。非肿块型乳腺病变进行超声弹性成像检查的准确性显著高于超声血流成像,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。彩色多普勒超声特征显示结构扭曲、紊乱区域的病例中恶性病变8例,良性病变4例;显示簇状或散在性分布的微钙化区的病例中,恶性病灶10例,良性病灶4例;显示导管状回声区的病例中,恶性病变4例,良性病变4例;显示片状低回声区的病例中,恶性病变22例,良性病变24例。应用超声弹性成像检查鉴别非肿块型乳腺病变良恶性的准确性更高,值得临床推广。     

人工智能辅助低年资放射科医师检出乳腺病变

目的观察人工智能(AI)辅助对低年资放射科医师检出乳腺X线片中乳腺病灶的价值。方法回顾性分析73例接受乳腺X线摄影检查的女性患者。由3名低年资放射科医师首先分别阅片,之后于AI辅助下再次阅片,勾画乳腺病灶区域;统计检出病灶数,记录病灶类型及乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)分类。以病理结果或随访最终临床诊断为标准,对比医师单独阅片与AI辅助阅片检出乳腺病灶的敏感度和准确率及对不同类型、不同BI-RADS分类病灶的诊断效能。结果 73例共121个乳腺病灶,其中软组织病灶(包括肿块、结构扭曲与不对称病灶)88个、钙化病灶33个;BI-RADS 2类17个,3类66个,4类及以上38个。与医师单独阅片相比,AI辅助阅片对全部乳腺病灶、特别是软组织病灶的诊断敏感度和准确率均显著提升(P均0.01),而对乳腺钙化病灶的敏感度和准确率差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论 AI辅助有助于提高低年资放射科医师检出乳腺X线片中乳腺病灶、尤其软组织病灶的效能。     

自动乳腺全容积扫查系统的临床应用

目的探讨自动乳腺全容积扫查（ABVS）系统检查乳腺病变的临床意义。方法应用AcusonS2000ABVS系统对81例患者双侧乳房进行扫查,包括正中位、内侧位和外侧位,获得横切面基本图像数据,系统自动进行三维重建,同步获得整个乳腺包括矢状面和冠状面的图像。由2位不同年资医师分别独立阅片。患者同时接受常规超声检查,比较两种检查的诊断结果。结果低年资和高年资医师采用ABVS系统发现的病灶数分别为89个、99个,采用常规超声发现的病灶数分别为60个、85个。采用ABVS系统时,不同年资医师的检查结果差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 AB-VS系统可明显减少操作者经验对检查结果的影响,提高乳腺病变的检出率。     

基于深度学习人工智能辅助系统用于CT检出肋骨新鲜骨折

目的 观察基于深度学习的人工智能(AI)辅助系统用于CT检出肋骨新鲜骨折的效能。方法 由2名高年资影像科医师对1 000例急诊CT所示肋骨新鲜骨折患者进行逐层标注,再由另2名高年资医师进行审核;将图像导入深睿医疗Dr.Wise^®骨折CT影像辅助检测系统(简称Dw_AI)。于1 000例中随机抽取60例(40例肋骨新鲜骨折、20例无骨折)作为数据集2,以其余940例为数据集1(902例肋骨新鲜骨折、38例无骨折)。由1名影像科主任医师(CR)基于数据集1独立评估肋骨新鲜骨折,将其结果与Dw_AI结果进行对比,评估Dw_AI的效能。由2名低年资和2名中等年资医师参与多阅片者多病例(MRMC)临床试验,基于数据集2,分别于病灶、肋骨和患者级别评估Dw_AI辅助不同年资医师诊断的效能。结果 数据集1 全部940例中, 2 946支肋骨存在3 452处新鲜骨折;Dw_AI对各级别肋骨新鲜骨折的敏感度均高于CR(P均＜0.05)。数据集2全部60例中,112支肋骨存在123处新鲜骨折;Dw_AI辅助下,不同年资医师诊断各级别肋骨新鲜骨折的敏感度均有所提高(P均＜0.05)。结论 AI辅助系统用于CT检出肋骨新鲜骨折的效能较佳,且能提高医师、尤其低年资医师的诊断敏感度。     

iFlow彩色血流编码成像技术评估腔内治疗急性下肢缺血效果

目的 观察iFlow彩色血流编码成像技术用于评价腔内治疗急性下肢缺血（ALLI）效果的价值。方法 回顾性分析17例接受腔内治疗的ALLI患者。腔内治疗前对患肢行数字减影血管造影（DSA）,后于DSA引导下行机械血栓清除,并留置导管行接触性溶栓治疗,必要时行球囊扩张及支架植入术;腔内治疗后再次行患肢DSA。记录治疗前后患肢踝肱指数（ABI）。以iFlow技术对腔内治疗前后DSA影像行后处理获得iFlow图像,测量股骨头、膝关节及踝关节区达峰时间（TTP）,计算膝关节区与股骨头区TTP差值（即膝关节区域TTP差值）、踝关节区与膝关节区的TTP差值（即踝关节区域TTP差值）,比较治疗前后TTP及TTP差值的差异,分析治疗前后ABI变化（△ABI）与踝关节区TTP变化（△TTP_踝关节）的相关性。结果 17例均完成腔内治疗,2例因患侧血管腔内残留血栓而接受截肢。治疗后膝关节及踝关节区域TTP较前缩短、TTP差值较前缩小而ABI较前升高（P均<0.05）,股骨头区TTP与治疗前差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。△ABI与△TTP_踝关节呈正相关（r=0.551,P<0.05）。结论 iFlow技术可用于评估腔内治疗ALLI效果。     

多层螺旋CT血管成像诊断脑动脉瘤:与DSA对比研究

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT容积再现脑血管成像技术对脑动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法 对23例临床怀疑脑动脉瘤患者（其中蛛网膜下腔出血者20例）的16层螺旋CT三维血管后处理图像、DsA图像进行回顾性对比研究。CT后重建技术分别采用小视野容积再现技术（shutter volume rendering）、最大密度投影法（M1P）和多曲面重建（MPR），所有CT图像及DSA脑血管造影图像均由两位放射科医生和两位脑外科医生进行双盲法分析评价。结果 16层螺旋CT脑血管成像共检出动脉瘤25个，其中3例为多发性，1例CT血管成像（CTA）结果为阴性，阳性率95．7％（22／23），与DSA比较符合率95．7％（22／23）；16层CTA发现动脉瘤的敏感性为100％（24／24），特异性为100％（1／1），准确性为96．2％（25／26）。CTA对显示瘤体、瘤颈、载瘤动脉与周围血管关系与DSA相比更清晰、确切，并能显示病灶与颅骨结构间的关系，立体感强。结论 16层螺旋CT脑血管成像对脑动脉瘤具有极高的诊断价值，相对无创是诊断脑动脉瘤的最佳影像检查方法，有望替代DSA。     

固定床架用于超声筛查婴儿发育性髋关节发育不良

目的 观察固定床架用于超声筛查婴儿发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)的价值。方法 将400名接受DDH筛查且无髋关节异常婴儿分为低年资医师使用固定床架组(A组)、低年资医师不使用固定床架组(B组)、高年资医师使用固定床架组(C组)及高年资医师不使用固定床架组(D组)共4组,每组100名。比较4组婴儿一般资料、超声筛查DDH时间及髋关节超声图像质量;采用Bland-Altman一致性分析评估低年资医师与复核医师(与高年资医师工作年限相同的另外3名医师)复核α角和β角测值的一致性,评估固定床架的应用价值。结果 4组婴儿性别、年龄及体质量差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05); A组和B组超声检查时间均大于C组和D组(P均＜0.05)。4组合格图像数量差异有统计学意义(χ²=85.777,P＜0.001),B组与其他3组差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05)。不使用固定床架时,低年资医师与复核医师所测α角之差的最大绝对值为7°,所测β角之差的最大绝对值为2°;使用固定床架时,低年资医师与复核医师所测α角之差的最大绝对值为3°,所测β角之差的最大绝对值为2°。结论 固定床架对于辅助低年资医师超声筛查婴儿DHH具有较高价值,而对高年资医师检查结果无明显影响。     

旋转DSA三维重建成像对观察血管空间解剖关系的价值

目的探讨旋转DSA三维重建数字减影血管成像（3DDSA）对观察血管空间解剖关系的价值。方法69例患者同时进行了常规DSA和3DDSA检查。常规DSA后进行旋转DSA检查,对旋转DSA采集的数据进行容积三维重建。由2位工作经验丰富的阅片者采用双盲法对2DDSA和3DDSA的图像进行分析。结果69例患者中,常规DSA诊断阳性病例65例（阳性率94．20％）,3DDSA诊断阳性病例62例（阳性率为89．86％）。在常规DSA和3DDSA中,分别有44例（67．69％）阳性病例和62例（100％）阳性病例病变周围血管关系显示清晰满意。结论3DDSA能更清晰地显示病变血管及其与相邻血管间的关系,尤其对血管性病变具有重要价值,是对常规血管造影的重要补充。     

CT灌注成像的原理、技术及在腹部影像诊断中的应用

目的 综合评述CT灌注成像(CT perfusion imaging)的原理、技术要求及其在腹部影像诊断中的应用价值。方法 总结CT灌注成像的原理和技术要求，评价其在腹部疾病(主要是肝脏、胰腺)应用中所提供的组织器官微循环状况、血流动力学变化及其它参数。结果 CT灌注成像评价肝脏、胰腺病变，尤其是肿瘤性病变，除了能显示解剖形态学改变，还能了解血供情况、血流动力学状态等反映功能、代谢变化的信息，对腹部肿瘤性疾病的诊断有重要意义。结论 CT灌注成像将在腹部疾病的影像诊断与鉴别诊断、肿瘤生物学行为和严重度评价、疗效评估等方面发挥重要作用，具有较良好的临床应用前景。     

Detection of the residual lumen of intracranial aneurysms immediately after coil embolization by three-dimensional digital subtraction angiographic virtual endoscopic imaging

OBJECTIVE: Detection of a small residual lumen after coil embolization is often difficult because of the coil mass and the overlap of the cerebral arteries. The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of virtual endoscopic (VE) analysis of three-dimensional digital subtraction angiographic (DSA) images for evaluation of aneurysmal occlusion immediately after the procedure. METHODS: Twenty-seven intracranial aneurysms were treated with coil embolization using a three-dimensional DSA system. Biplane and rotational DSA scanning was performed before and immediately after the procedures. VE images were obtained at a separate workstation, after transfer of the rotational images. Two-dimensional (2D) DSA images and VE images obtained after the procedure were assessed with respect to aneurysmal occlusion. Morphological outcomes and other factors, including location, size, volumetric ratio (coil volume/aneurysm volume), and residual sites, were also evaluated. RESULTS: Seven aneurysms were evaluated as complete occlusion (CO) on both 2D DSA images and VE images. Twelve aneurysms exhibited residual lumina on both 2D DSA images and VE images. Five aneurysms were evaluated as CO on 2D DSA images and as incomplete occlusion on VE images. There were no recurrences among the aneurysms that were evaluated as CO on VE images. Two of five aneurysms that were evaluated as CO on 2D DSA images and as incomplete occlusion on VE images demonstrated regrowth in follow-up examinations. Residual sites and volumetric ratios were correlated with aneurysmal regrowth. CONCLUSION: VE imaging can demonstrate a residual lumen more frequently than can 2D DSA imaging and is useful for evaluating aneurysmal occlusion after coil embolization.     

DISCO CE-MRA在上肢血管疾病中的应用价值研究

目的:探讨基于笛卡尔采集的K空间共享三维容积(DISCO)对比增强磁共振血管成像技术(CE-MRA)在上肢血管疾病中的应用价值.方法:回顾性分析2020年5月至2021年4月入院治疗的20例临床诊断上肢血管性病变患者的影像学资料.患者入院后均行DISCO CE-MRA检查,其中11例患者行DSA检查,2例患者行手术治疗...     

Evaluation of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage by use of multislice computed tomographic angiography

OBJECTIVE: Multislice computed tomographic angiography (CTA) can provide clearer vascular images, even of the peripheral arteries, than conventional CTA. Multislice CTA was compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for the detection of cerebral vasospasm in patients with acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) to analyze whether multislice CTA can replace DSA in the detection of vasospasm after SAH. METHODS: Within 72 hours after the onset of symptoms, multislice CTA and DSA were performed in 20 patients with SAH. Multislice CTA and DSA were repeated on Day 7 to assess cerebral vasospasm. Regions of interest were established in the proximal and distal segments of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries on both multislice CTA and DSA images, and the agreement between the severity of vasospasm on multislice CTA and DSA images was statistically compared. The multislice Aquilon computed tomography system (Toshiba, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) used the following parameters: 1 mm collimation and 3.5 mm per rotation table increment (pitch, 3.5). RESULTS: The degree of vasospasm as revealed by multislice CTA correlated significantly with the degree of vasospasm revealed by DSA (P < 0.0001). The agreement between the severity of vasospasm on multislice images obtained via CTA and DSA in the overall, proximal, and distal segments of the cerebral arteries was 91.6, 90.8, and 92.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Multislice CTA can detect angiographic vasospasm after SAH with accuracy equal to that of DSA.     

MR angiography in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: adequate to evaluate vasospasm-induced vascular narrowing?

The diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm (CVS) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is still challenging. We evaluate the accuracy of time of flight MR angiography (TOF-MRA) to assess the arterial diameters of the circle of Willis in SAH patients with suspected CVS. MR examinations (1.5 Tesla) including 3D TOF-MRA with maximum intensity projections (MIP) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were performed within 24 h in 21 patients with acute aneurysmal SAH and suspicion of CVS. Arterial diameters of the circle of Willis including the distal internal carotid artery (ICA) were measured as ratios to the extradural ICA in standard projections. The diagnosis of CVS was established by comparing the luminal size of baseline and follow-up DSA. The correlation between the arterial ratios measured on MIP angiograms and on follow-up DSA was assessed with Pearson's linear regression analysis. Arterial ratios on MIP angiograms were categorized as correct, overestimated, and underestimated compared to the ratios on follow-up DSA. Pearson's correlation coefficient between the ratios of MIP angiograms and DSA was r = 0.5799 and the regression coefficient was b = 0.4775. Highest correlation was found for the category of severe CVS (r = 0.8201). Of all MIP angiograms, 34.9% showed consistent results compared to the DSA, while 44.2% of MIP images overestimated the vascular narrowing. Standard MIP angiograms from TOF-MRA are not accurate to assess vascular narrowing in patients with suspected CVS after aneurysmal SAH. The multifocal arterial stenoses in CVS may induce severe changes in blood flow dynamics, which compromise the diagnostic accuracy of the TOF-MRA.     

CTA、MRA诊断脑动静脉畸形:与DSA比较

目的比较CTA、MRA与DSA对脑动静脉畸形（AVM）的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经DSA确诊为脑AVM的48例患者的脑CTA及MRA图像,并统计其诊断效率。结果27例患者接受颅脑CTA检查,7例大型脑AVM（直径〉6cm）与DSA结果一致,12例中型脑AVM（直径3-6cm）中1例CTA未检出,8例小型脑AVM（直径〈3cm）中CTA漏诊3例,CTA与DSA检查结果的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。对21例患者行MRA检查,其中14例大、中型脑AVM（直径≥3cm）MRA诊断结果与DSA一致,7例小型脑AVM（直径〈3cm）中MRA漏诊4例,与DSA检查结果的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论CTA、MRA诊断大、中型脑AVM与DSA基本相符,而对于小型脑AVM的诊断效率较低。     

Application of CT Angiography of Complex Cerebrovascular Lesions during Surgical Decision Making

Helical computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is a relatively new noninvasive volumetric imaging technique. Since early reports in the 1990s, CTA has rapidly improved image resolution and scan volume. Cerebral arteries can be imaged clearly, which is advantageous in the diagnosis of vascular diseases such as cerebral aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and cerebrovascular occlusive disease. Before attacking a cerebrovascular lesion near or in the skull base, precise preoperative knowledge of anatomic relationships between the bony and neurovascular structures is critical for obtaining successful outcomes. The sensitivity of CTA for the detection of cerebral aneurysms < or = 5 mm in diameter may be higher than that of digital subtraction angiography (DSA), with equal specificity and high interoperator reliability. With minor modification to the technique, paraclinoid vascular lesions can be depicted using CTA. We present our experience using CTA in addition to DSA to obtain important anatomic information about skull base vascular lesions that assisted in the clinical decision-making process.     

Evaluation of a distal pericallosal aneurysm visualized with 3-dimensional digital subtraction angiography: case report and treatment implications

BACKGROUND: Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is considered the gold standard in the evaluation of cerebrovascular structures. Recently, 3-dimensional DSA (3D-DSA) has been increasingly used to obtain detailed information about the morphology and dimensions of intracranial aneurysms. We report the case of a patient who presented with a distal pericallosal artery aneurysm, which appeared by 2D imaging to be a fusiform, possible mycotic aneurysm. This was then revealed to be a saccular bifurcation aneurysm by 3D-DSA. This additional information changed the treatment plan for this patient from medical management to a surgical approach. CASE DESCRIPTION: The patient is a 56-year-old man with a history of hypertension and alcohol abuse with withdrawal seizures, who presented with a large intracranial hemorrhage on initial computed tomography scan. After stabilization with intracranial pressure management, the patient underwent magnetic resonance angiography and 4-vessel DSA. These initial studies showed a distal, fusiform pericallosal aneurysm consistent with a mycotic aneurysm. Rotational DSA was then used to generate 3D images of the structure that revealed a saccular bifurcation aneurysm. This enabled the decision to offer operative treatment rather than conservative medical management. DISCUSSION: This report highlights the value of 3D-DSA in establishing the appropriate treatment plan for patients with unique cerebral aneurysms. The higher resolution images used in this case provided information that was crucial in shifting the treatment focus from medical management, for what appeared to be a mycotic aneurysm by traditional DSA, to surgical intervention, for a clear hemodynamic aneurysm at a vessel bifurcation seen with 3D-DSA. Accurate pre-interventional evaluation and differential diagnosis are critical to designing the most effective lowest risk treatment plan. The standard method in the diagnosis of cerebral aneurysms has been DSA. Yet, higher resolution images of unclear or high-risk aneurysms are often required to guide clinical decision making. The emergence of new, less invasive endovascular techniques for securing intracranial aneurysms has placed greater emphasis on precisely defining the shape and dimensions of an aneurysm. Three-dimensional DSA is currently the highest resolution imaging modality available for the evaluation of intracranial aneurysms. CONCLUSION: 3D-DSA was used to evaluate a small, distal pericallosal artery aneurysm and revealed a saccular bifurcation aneurysm not visualized with magnetic resonance angiography and conventional DSA. This additional resolution permitted the team to consider a surgical approach for a patient who would otherwise have been treated medically. This high-resolution technique is particularly useful in guiding clinical decision making in the context of aneurysms that carry a relatively broad differential diagnosis, potentially high interventional risk, and unclear morphology.     

The utility of angiographic CT in the diagnosis and treatment of neurovascular pathologies in the vicinity of cranial base

This study aims to explore the utility of angiographic computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis and treatment of neurovascular pathologies in the vicinity of cranial base. Two cases of cranial base dural arteriovenous fistula, one internal carotid pseudoaneurysm and one PICA aneurysm were demonstrated utilizing the angiographic CT for obtaining significant image details on the relative location of the diseases against the neighboring bony structure. An angiography suite outfitted with conventional DSA and rotational volume cone-beam was used, angiographic CT images being concomitantly produced together with the routine angiographic modalities. By virtue of the angiographic CT images integrating the selective angiography and reconstructed cranial base tomography, we succeeded in getting significant information on the relative location of various vascular diseases to the skull base, greatly facilitating the diagnosis and treatment procedures.     

Intraoperative three-dimensional reconstruction of power Doppler vascular images.

We have developed a simple method for reconstructing a three-dimensional (3D) image in the operating room from sequentially scanned intraoperative two-dimensional (2D) power Doppler images using a personal computer and commercially available software. During three operations, 2 for cerebral aneurysm and 1 for cerebral tumor, intracranial vessel images were digitally transferred to a personal computer by freehand scanning over the dura mater or surface of the brain with a 7.5-MHz linear probe. A series of 2D images were converted to a smaller file, and 3D image was reconstructed with volume-rendering software. It took about 15 minutes to reconstruct of the initial 3D image. In the cases of cerebral aneurysm, the vessels connected to the lesion or running nearby were easily identified on the image. In the tumor case, the anatomical relation between the vascular structures and the tumor was clear. This simple 3D reconstruction method provides spatial information about intracranial vascular structures that is useful in intraoperative surgical planning.