跖骨头软骨面下弧形截骨改善第二跖趾关节屈曲方向的临床研究

目的 探讨带跖趾关节的第二趾移植再造拇手指过程中,利用跖骨头软骨面下选择性截骨来改善跖趾关节屈曲方向的手术方法和临床疗效. 方法 对21例21指带跖趾关节的第二趾移植再造拇、手指病例,术中在第二跖骨头底部关节囊近侧做截骨口,距跖趾关节面5.0 mm处进入跖骨,弧形截除松质骨,使跖趾关节可以屈曲到90°为止,纵贯或交叉克氏针固定关节,再按常规的再造方法重建动力、神经及血液循环. 结果 本组所有再造指均成活.随访时间6～24个月,其中6例得到长期随访(12 ～ 24个月).再造指的掌指关节被动活动范围65°～85°,平均75°.主动活动范围45°～80°,平均65°.X线片复查显示骨质愈合良好,无关节退性行变表现. 结论 在带跖趾关节的第二趾移植再造拇、手指过程中,采用跖骨头软骨面下选择性截骨的方法能明显增加再造掌指关节主、被动屈伸活动度,是提高再造指掌指关节活动度的较佳方法.     

跖骨头楔形截骨改善再造手指功能

目的探讨应用跖骨头楔形截骨以改善再造手指功能的手术疗效。方法对36例(42指)行携带跖趾关节的第二足趾游离移植再造手指,术中将跖骨头囊内楔形截骨并沿矢状面由背侧向跖侧旋转90°,改善再造掌指关节的外形和功能。结果36例(42指)全部成活。术后随访6~36个月,再造手指外形有明显改善。再造指掌指关节从伸直位到掌侧,被动活动范围最大85°,最小70°,平均75°;主动活动范围最大80°,最小55°,平均65°。X线片复查,跖骨截骨面愈合良好。结论应用跖骨头囊内楔形截骨第二足趾移指再造手指,术后改善了再造指的外形和功能,是一种值得推广的手术方法。     

改良跖趾关节游离移植置换掌指关节的临床应用

目的总结改良吻合血管的第二跖趾关节游离移植置换第二掌指关节的临床经验。方法手术切除破坏的第二掌指关节及部分第二掌骨和近节指骨，将第二跖趾关节转移至手部第二掌指关节处，在鼻烟窝处将足背动脉与桡动脉吻合、大隐静脉与头静脉吻合，将切除的第二掌指关节的软骨关节面和骨骼的软组织剔除后回植到足部第二跖趾关节供区。结果临床应用14例，其中12例于术后5个月～3年2个月得到随访，第二掌指关节均获得较好的功能恢复。结论改良的第二跖趾关节游离移植置换第二掌指关节术式，能有效地恢复第二掌指关节的功能。     

改良跖趾关节屈曲方向的第二足趾移植再造拇手指

目的　介绍改良跖趾关节屈曲方向的第二足趾移植再造拇手指的方法。　方法　在第二足趾移植时将跖骨头截断 ,并沿矢状面由背侧向跖侧旋转 90°后再行游离移植拇手指再造术共 8例 ,使再造的掌指关节具有类似原掌指关节的活动范围。　结果　 8例均一期成活 ,术后经 12～ 3 6个月的随访 ,外形、感觉及运动功能均获满意恢复 ,其中 ,两点分辨觉在 6～ 10mm之间 ,再造掌指关节伸直位到掌侧被动活动范围最大 80° ,最小 65° ,平均 75° ,主动活动范围最大 70° ,最小 45° ,平均 60° ,X线照片复查 ,骨质愈合良好 ,关节无退行性变表现。　结论　改良跖趾关节屈曲方向的第二足趾移植再造拇手指 ,是一种值得应用的治疗方法。     

吻合血管的第二跖趾关节游离移植置换第二掌指关节11例

目的总结吻合血管的第二跖趾关节游离移植置换第二掌指关节的临床经验。方法手术时切除破坏的第二掌指关节及部分第二掌骨和近节指骨，将第二跖趾关节转移至手部第二掌指关节处，在鼻烟窝处将足背动脉与桡动脉吻合、大隐静脉与头静脉吻合，将切除的第二掌指关节的软骨关节面和骨骼的软组织剔除后回植到足部第二跖趾关节供区。结果临床应用11例，其中8例于术后5个月-2年6个月得到随访，第二掌指关节均获得较良好的功能恢复。结论吻合血管的第二跖趾关节游离移植置换第二掌指关节，能有效地恢复第二掌指关节的功能。     

有血运关节移植再造掌指关节

目的　探讨与比较再造手部关节缺损的方法 ,报道不同关节及关节瓣移植的临床效果。　方法　应用吻合血管的跖趾关节移植 5例、跖趾关节皮瓣移植 5例、趾间关节瓣移植 2例、趾间关节皮瓣移植 2例 ,同一血管蒂带跖趾关节与趾间关节复合瓣一期重建相邻两掌指关节 1例 ,带血管蒂残存掌指关节瓣转移 2例。共再造掌指关节 17例 18个。结果　全部组织瓣存活。经平均 2年 3个月 (6个月～ 7年 )随访 ,再造掌指关节平均活动度为 5°～ 5 6°(范围 15°～ 85°) ;出现骨不连接和关节畸形各 1例。　结论　有血运关节移植再造掌指关节 ,术后功能与外形恢复良好 ,但总体疗效仍有待提高。     

足趾复合组织游离移植修复手指复合组织缺损

目的 :探讨足趾复合组织移植修复手指复合组织缺损的方法。方法 :采用以下 7种方法治疗病人 2 1例 :带第 1跖背动脉的游离甲瓣、远节趾骨背侧部分趾骨并肌腱止点、背侧关节囊、伸肌腱、背侧皮肤移植修复手指指甲、伸肌腱和神经、皮肤缺损 2例 ;游离第 2足趾携带胫侧固有动脉、神经的近侧趾间关节复合组织 ,移植修复中指远侧指间关节复合组织缺损 ,同时利用第 2足趾中末节及腓侧固有动脉及神经再造环指末节 1例 ;第 2跖趾关节同时携带第 2跖骨、伸趾肌腱与足背皮瓣移植一期修复掌指关节、掌骨、伸肌腱与皮肤复合组织缺损 3例 ;第 1跖背动脉携带第 2足趾甲瓣并伸指肌腱修复拇指指甲、伸肌腱并神经、皮肤缺损 5例 ;第 1跖背动脉携带第 2跖趾关节、趾固有动脉携带第 2足趾近侧趾间关节移植重建两个相邻的掌指关节并皮肤缺损 2例 ;跖趾关节、趾近侧趾间关节复合组织移植 ,分别修复掌指关节或指间关节并复合组织缺损 6例。足背皮瓣、携带第 1跖背动脉的第 2足趾、同侧趾腓侧皮瓣再造全长手指 2例。结果 :应用 2 1例成功 ,随访 6个月～ 5年手指感觉恢复达S3 + ～S4;关节活动度 :掌指关节活动范围 2 0°～ 80° ;近指间关节活动范围 3 0°～ 90° ;远指间关节活动范围 5°～ 3 0°。结论 :带血供足趾复合组     

手部骨关节缺损的显微外科治疗

１９７２～１９９２年应用显微外科技术游离移植跖趾、趾间关节治疗手部骨关节缺损２４例，其中单纯掌骨缺损１３个，掌指关节缺损１２个，近节指间关节缺损６个。成活２３例，失败１例。随访２～２０年，功能优良者７７．４％。我们对手术方法进行了二点改进（１）设计单蒂二套动脉供血系统的单趾双关节移植的新方法。（２）改变跖骨固定部位加大关节活动度。     

第二跖趾关节复合组织瓣移植治疗掌指关节背侧复合组织缺损

目的 探讨跖趾关节复合组织瓣移植治疗掌指关节背侧复合组织缺损的方法及临床效果.方法 应用有血运的第二跖趾关节复合趾伸肌腱、皮肤的组织瓣,通过关节重建,移植修复16例掌指关节背侧复合伸肌腱皮肤缺损.结果 16例全部成活,未出现血管危象.15例伤口一期愈合,1例因皮瓣切取过小,术后侧背方小面积皮肤缺损,经游离植皮后二期愈合.14例获得随访,时间6个月～3年,关节功能恢复较满意;X线片显示:骨结合部愈合良好,未见关节退化.结论 跖趾关节复合组织瓣移植是修复掌指关节背侧复合组织缺损较有效方法.     

足第二趾近侧趾间关节移植再造拇手指关节

目的 报道游离足第二趾近侧趾间关节移植再造拇手指关节临床疗效.方法 对手指关节损伤49例54指,采用吻合血管的足第二趾近侧趾间关节移植修复,其中再造掌指关节21指、近侧指间关节28指、远侧指间关节5指.全关节移植38指,半关节移植16指,术后观察其临床疗效.结果 移植关节49例54指全部成活.术后伤口均一期愈合.随访5～19个月,所有病例移植骨关节均愈合,临床愈合时间为4～8周,骨性愈合时间6～12周,移植关节均未出现退行性变,未出现骨不连及再骨折的现象.移植近侧指间关节屈曲活动度为35°～90°(平均65°);移植掌指关节者屈曲活动度为30°～75°(平均45°);移植远侧指间关节屈曲活动度为25°～65°(平均35°).参照关节活动度TAM/TAF评定标准评定,属优者23指,良者25指,可者5指,差者3指,优良率84%.近侧指间关节移植者效果最佳,其次是掌指关节,远侧指间关节移植者最差.结论 采用游离足第二趾近侧趾间关节移植修复拇手指关节缺损,功能恢复满意,可以较好的改善关节的功能.     

Stability of the distal radioulnar joint contributed by the joint capsule

PURPOSE: The distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) capsule is assumed to be an important stabilizer of the DRUJ. There are few published data regarding the capsule and its specific contribution to stability of the DRUJ. METHODS: We analyzed the contribution of the joint capsule to DRUJ stability in a biomechanical study consisting of collection of force/displacement data from 16 adult human cadaveric upper extremities. Each specimen was subjected to anteroposterior translation testing of the radius relative to the ulna in 3 positions of forearm rotation (neutral, 60 degrees pronation, 60 degrees supination) by serial sectioning of the DRUJ capsule. The experimental conditions tested included intact capsule, sectioned dorsal capsule, sectioned volar capsule, and repaired capsule. RESULTS: Isolated dorsal capsule sectioning resulted in volar instability of the radius to the ulna primarily in the maximum pronated position. Significant dorsal instability of the radius was observed after isolated volar capsule sectioning in the maximum supinated position. The restabilizing effect of capsule shortening was observed near the maximums of forearm rotation. The additional stability owing to capsule shortening surpassed that of the distal radioulnar ligament at these positions. CONCLUSIONS: We showed the effect of capsular injury on DRUJ joint stability and the restabilizing effect of capsule shortening. The importance of the capsule to DRUJ stability should be considered when planning surgical procedures to restore the unstable DRUJ.     

Osteomyelitis post acromioclavicular joint reconstruction

Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injury is a common shoulder injury. There are various techniques of ACJ reconstruction. Superficial infection after ACJ reconstruction is not an uncommon complication. However, osteomyelitis post ACJ reconstruction has never been highlighted as a possible complication. Our patient is a 31-year-old male who sustained a Rockwood 5 ACJ dislocation and had anatomical ACJ reconstruction with autogenous gracilis and semitendinosus graft. Our technique involved the anatomical reconstruction of the ACJ and the coracoclavicular ligament with the usage of two bioscrews and the temporary stabilisation of the ACJ with two k-wires. As in any orthopaedic surgery, infection is often disastrous especially when the surgery involves implants. It can be disastrous with high morbidity to the patient as well as a costly complication to treat. Therefore, we wish to highlight this case as despite its rarity, osteomyelitis can be devastating to the patient and should be prevented if possible.     

Beware the hallucal interphalangeal joint sesamoid in first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis

Background

We describe a previously unreported presentation of the hallucal interphalangeal joint sesamoid (HIPJS) following arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP1).

盂肱关节骨性结构对肩关节稳定性影响的研究进展

目的对盂肱关节骨性结构对肩关节稳定性影响的研究作一综述。方法查阅近年来国内外有关肩关节稳定性影响因素及盂肱关节骨性结构在肩关节稳定性中作用的文献,并进行分析总结。结果盂肱关节骨性结构影响肩关节稳定的具体因素包括盂肱关节骨性结构嵌合匹配指数、盂肱关节的外形和弧度、头-盂表面的几何形态关系(关节盂扭转角及头干角)等。结论 以往的研究经验和临床报道已初步确定了骨性结构与肩关节不稳之间的关系,但仍有许多系统的、多方面(包括解剖、生物力学、临床)的研究有待进一步完善。     

关节外科研究进展

近10年来关节外科有了长足的进展，外科理念、技术、器械的进步，使人们在更高层次上审视关节外科治疗的指征、手术选择和围手术期的处理。本文简要介绍了我国关节外科近10年来的发展状况，扼要回顾了关节镜外科、关节成形术和软骨修复领域中的最新进展，提出关节外科未来的发展方向。     

Swanson人工关节置换治疗创伤后掌指关节僵硬近期疗效

目的探讨Swanson人工关节置换治疗创伤后掌指关节僵硬的近期疗效。方法 2007年8月-2010年5月,对11例13指创伤后掌指关节僵硬伴不同程度软组织缺损患者行Swanson人工关节置换术。男7例9指,女4例4指;年龄43～65岁,平均49岁。其中拇指4指,示指4指,中指3指,环指2指。损伤类别:手部开放性压轧伤8指,掌指关节骨折3指,掌指关节离断2指。发生关节僵硬至入院时间为12～48周,平均24周。术前关节活动度为(136.82±28.96)°,根据关节主动活动度(TAM)系统评定,其中良1指,可6指,差6指。采用Sollerman等手功能评定标准评定手功能为(45.64±11.04)分。X线片、CT检查示掌指关节创伤性关节炎。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间12～34个月,平均24.1个月。末次随访时关节活动度为(194.64±28.86)°,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=25.214,P=0.000);采用TAM评定获优1指,良4指,可7指,差1指。采用Sollerman等的手功能评定标准评定手功能为(67.45±8.20)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=10.470,P=0.000)。末次随访时,X线片检查示均无假体断裂、假体周围骨折、关节明显脱位等并发症发生。结论 Swanson人工关节置换治疗创伤后掌指关节僵硬,术后关节活动度改善明显,近期疗效满意,但应注意适应证的选择及软组织缺损处理技巧。     

Quantitative anatomic study of atlanto-odontoid joint and design of an artificial atlanto.odontoid joint for the orthopedic clinic

OBJECTIVE: To observe and measure morphological parameters of the Chinese atlanto-odontoid joint anatomically in order to provide an anatomic data for designing artificial atlanto-odontoid joint used for substituting the destroyed atlanto-odontoid joint in the orthopedic clinic. METHODS: The relative anatomic parameters of 32 sets of fresh Chinese adults'atlanto-odontoid joint specimens were measured with a digital caliper and a goniometer, including the width of anterior arch of atlas (AW), the thickness of atlas at the junction of anterior arch and lateral mass (AD), the thickness and height of anterior tubercle of atlas (AT and AH), the middle height, length and width of the lateral mass (MHL, L and LW), the height, transverse and anteroposterior distance of odontoid process (DH, DW and DD), the retroversion angle of odontoid process (beta degree),the facial angle of odontoid process (theta degree) and so on. The data were statistically analyzed in order to ascertain the morphological parameter ranges of artificial atlanto-odontoid joint. An artificial atlanto-odontoid joint was designed according to these data. The operations of anlanto-odontoid joint arthroplasty were conducted in 3 cases of adult cadaver specimens. RESULTS: The width of AW was (20.45+/-1.53) mm, AD (3.91+/-1.32) mm, AT and AH (9.43+/-1.93)mm and (10.23+/-1.32) mm, respectively, MHL and LW (13.68+/-1.38) mm and (12.98+/-1.52) mm, respectively, DH (15.25+/-2.11) mm, DW and DD (9.69+/-1.38) mm and (11.26+/-1.02) mm, respectively, beta degree (12.23+/-4.27) degree, theta degree (65.48+/-2.17) degree. The prosthesis was composed of atlas part, axis part and accessories. Neither the vertebral artery nor the medulla oblongata was injured. CONCLUSIONS: The design of artificial atlanto-odontoid joint is feasible according to these parameters. The artificial joint can not only rebuild the stability of atlanto-axial joint, but also reserve the rotation function between atlas and axis. Every part of the joint has their own parameter ranges in purpose to firm fixation, convenient operation and good motion without further injury. The prosthesis can be used for patients suffering from compression of medulla oblongata and resection of dens when it is required.     

Periprosthetic joint infection: Current concept

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most devastating and costly complications following total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Diagnosis and management of PJI is challenging for surgeons. There is no “gold standard” for diagnosis of PJI, making distinction between septic and aseptic failures difficult. Additionally, some of the greatest difficulties and controversies involve choosing the optimal method to treat the infected joint. Currently, there is significant debate as to the ideal treatment strategy for PJI, and this has led to considerable international variation in both surgical and nonsurgical management of PJI. In this review, we will discuss diagnosis and management of PJI following TJA and highlight some recent advances in this field.     

肩锁关节损伤合并盂肱关节周围组织损伤的调查

目的了解肩锁关节损伤合并盂肱关节周围组织损伤的情况及预后,分析讨论出现各种合并症的原因。 方法2015年1月至2018年8月收集了共52例肩锁关节损伤患者,分别记录肩锁关节损伤Rockwood分型,受伤机制,术前和术后12个月视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）,术后2个月、6个月、12个月Constant评分。 结果52例患者中,合并损伤占总数32.69%,其中11例患者进行了额外的手术治疗。术前、术后VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。盂肱关节合并伤手术治疗的患者,术后12个月随访,Constant评分没有明显好于未额外手术治疗的合并症患者（P>0.05）。 结论治疗肩锁关节的同时,仔细查验是否存在合并伤,并及时针对合并伤进行手术治疗,对肩关节功能恢复具有重要意义。