超声诊断室间隔完整的肺动脉瓣闭锁伴右心发育不良1例

<正>患儿女,35 d,咳嗽3 d。体格检查:口唇发绀,哭闹时加重;心率140次/min;于胸骨左缘第3,4肋间可闻及3/6级收缩期粗糙喷射性杂音,向周围传导,未触及震颤。胸部X线示:双肺纹理增多增粗。动脉血气分析:PO229 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa)。临床诊断:先天性心脏病;支气管肺炎。超声心动图示:房室间隔连续完整,主动脉由左心室发出,肺动脉由右心室发出,且与主动脉呈环绕关系。右室腔发育不良,心腔明显小,右室壁弥漫性增厚,在肺动脉根部见条带状强回声,厚度约2.0 mm,无瓣膜     

Sonographic diagnosis of postpartum pseudoaneurysms of the uterine artery: A report of 2 cases

Two cases of post‐partum uterine artery pseudoaneurysm are described, 1 after normal vaginal delivery and the other after Caesarean section. Both cases were complicated by heavy bleeding and treated with catheter embolization. A turbulent arterial‐type velocity waveform with high peak velocity and forward end‐diastolic flow was registered in the feeding vessel. The peak blood flow velocity was high in both cases. The resistance index in the uterine artery was lower in the affected side of the uterus. Three‐dimensional angiosonography was used to calculate the volume of the lesion, demonstrate its shape, and identify the feeding vessel. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010     

Second-trimester sonographic diagnosis of diastrophic dysplasia: report of 2 index cases.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the sonographic features of diastrophic dysplasia in 2 second-trimester index offspring. METHODS: Real-time sonography was performed on 2 second-trimester fetuses with no risk factors for skeletal dysplasia. RESULTS: Each fetus had severe bilateral upper and lower extremity long bone shortening, hitchhiker thumbs and great toes, and clubbed feet, indicating a diagnosis of diastrophic dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Index cases of diastrophic dysplasia may be correctly diagnosed on the basis of second-trimester sonography.     

Sonographic differential diagnosis of acute scrotum: real-time whirlpool sign, a key sign of torsion.

Objective. The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the role of high‐resolution and color Doppler sonography in the differential diagnosis of acute scrotum and testicular torsion in particular. Methods. Patients who underwent sonography for acute scrotum between April 2000 and September 2005 were included in the study. Gray scale and color Doppler sonography of the scrotum was performed. The spermatic cord was studied on longitudinal and transverse scans from the inguinal region up to the testis, and the whirlpool sign was looked for. Results. During this period, 221 patients underwent sonography for acute scrotum. Sixty‐five had epididymo‐orchitis with a straight spermatic cord, a swollen epididymis, testis, or both, an absent focal lesion in the testis, and increased flow on color Doppler studies along with the clinical features of infection. Three had testicular abscesses. Sonography revealed features of torsion of testicular appendages in 23 patients and acute idiopathic scrotal edema in 19. Complete torsion was seen in 61 patients who had the whirlpool sign on gray scale imaging and absent flow distal to the whirlpool. There was incomplete torsion in 4 patients in whom the whirlpool sign was seen on both gray scale and color Doppler imaging. Nine patients had segmental testicular infarction, and 1 had a torsion‐detorsion sequence revealing testicular hyperemia. In 14 patients, the findings were equivocal. There was a complicated hydrocele, mumps orchitis, and vasculitis of Henoch‐Schönlein purpura in 1 patient each. Five patients had normal findings. Fourteen were lost for follow‐up. Conclusions. Sonography of acute scrotum should include study of the spermatic cord. The sonographic real‐time whirlpool sign is the most specific and sensitive sign of torsion, both complete and incomplete. Intermittent testicular torsion is a challenging clinical condition with a spectrum of clinical and sonographic features.     

Ultrasound evaluation of hepatic and splenic microabscesses in the immunocompromised patient: Sonographic patterns,differential diagnosis,and follow-up

High-dose chemotherapy, especially for bone marrow transplantation, causes a great degree of immunosuppression, and thus carries the risk for invasive fungal infections. Although hepatic and splenic involvement in disseminated candidiasis is frequent, involvement of these organs is rarely appreciated antemortem. During the last decade, focal hepatosplenic candidiasis has been recognized increasingly by ultrasound. We report the sonographic and clinical findings of 6 patients: 3 AML (acute myeloid leukemia), 2 NHL (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), and 1 HD (Hodgkin's disease) who demonstrated multiple, small-nodule, hypoechoic lesions in spleen and/or liver after high-dose chemotherapy. All patients were in complete hematologic remission when the study was performed. Septic fever was unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. Granulocy-topenia (? 1000/mm³) was seen for at least 10 days. However, the manifestation of hepatolienal microabscesses became apparent by ultrasound only after the neutrophil count returned to normal in all but 1 patient. Microabscesses decreased or disappeared on follow-up examination after antifungal treatment. Systemic candida infection was confirmed serologically. Sonographic-guided abscess biopsy (n = 3) revealed necrosis/abscess. Structural inhomogeneity of parenchymal organs was seen for several months after therapy. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A multidisciplinary approach to the management of breast cancer, part 1: prevention and diagnosis

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the United States, with an estimated 200,000 new cases diagnosed annually. A multidisciplinary focus that entails prevention, diagnosis, and treatment has led to significant strides in the reduction of breast cancer incidence and mortality. Additionally, breast cancer management has become increasingly complex, requiring comprehensive assessment and review of multiple issues that include the role of genetic testing, imaging and breast magnetic resonance imaging, surgical and reconstructive options, and a variety of new adjuvant therapies. It has become more evident that a multidisciplinary team approach that involves a spectrum of breast experts is necessary to provide optimal care to patients. This team includes medical oncologists, breast radiologists, breast pathologists, surgical breast specialists, radiation oncologists, geneticists, and primary care physicians. Furthermore, patient knowledge has increased use of the Internet, and more patients are seeking a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. This review considers information for health care professionals who will facilitate optimal patient care for women at increased risk for or presenting with a new diagnosis of breast cancer. The multidisciplinary team of authors, representing the different disciplines, has selected important state-of-the-art issues that arise in their daily practices for consideration, rather than summarizing what is already available in textbooks.     

Grandparents' experiences of childhood cancer, part 2: the need for support

In this study, the authors examined the experiences of grandparents who have had, or have, a grandchild with childhood cancer. Sixteen grandparents were interviewed using unstructured interviews, and the data were analyzed according to a hermeneutic-phenomenological tradition, as guided by the philosophical hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer. In Part 1 of this report, interpretive findings around worry, burden, silence, the nature of having one's universe shaken, of having lives put on hold, and a sense of helplessness were addressed. In Part 2, the authors discuss interpretations related to the notions of support, burden, protection, energy, standing by, buffering, financial shouldering, and relationship. The study concludes with implications that the grandparents in the study bring to pediatric nurses in their practices with families in pediatric oncology.     

Lumbar stabilization: a review of core concepts and current literature, part 2

Lumbar-stabilization exercise programs have become increasingly popular as a treatment for low-back pain. In this article, we outline an evidence-based medicine approach to evaluating patients for a lumbar-stabilization program. We also discuss typical clinical components of this type of program and the rationale for including these particular features based on the medical literature.     

胸腔积液中CK19-2G2、CK18-3A9和间皮素检测的临床意义

目的 初步探讨胸腔积液中细胞角蛋白新型片段CK19-2G2和CK18-3A9以及间皮素的测定对良、恶性胸腔积液临床鉴别诊断价值.方法 收集34例恶性和46例良性胸腔积液,应用板式化学发光分别检测胸腔积液中CK19-2G2、CK18-3A9和间皮素的水平;通过ROC曲线下面积评价胸腔积液中这三种标志物单独或联合检测时对良、恶性胸腔积液临床鉴别诊断价值;同时评估肾功能状况对胸腔积液中CK19-2G2、CK18-3A9和间皮素水平的影响.结果 恶性组患者胸腔积液CK19-2G2水平显著高于良性组（P〈0.05）;恶性组患者胸腔积液CK18-3A9和间皮素水平与良性组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;CK19-2G2、CK18-3A9和间皮素单独测定时ROC曲线下面积分别为0.67、0.60、0.49,细胞角蛋白新型片段CK19-2G2和CK18-3A9联合检测ROC曲线下面积为0.62,三个标志物联合检测ROC曲线下面积为0.63;患者肾功能状况对胸腔积液中CK19-2G2、CK18-3A9和间皮素水平无显著影响.结论 胸腔积液中细胞角蛋白新型片段CK19-2G2测定对良、恶性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断具有一定的临床应用价值.     

Therapeutic potential of low-intensity ultrasound (part 2): biomolecular effects, sonotransfection, and sonopermeabilization

Part one of this review focused on the thermal and mechanical effects of low-intensity ultrasound (US). In this second and final part of the review, we will focus on and discuss various aspects of low-intensity US, with emphasis on the biomolecular effects, US-mediated gene transfection (sonotransfection), and US-mediated permeabilization (sonopermeabilization). Sonotransfection of different cell lines in vitro and target tissues in vivo have been reported. Optimization experiments have been done and different mechanisms investigated. It has also been found that several genes can be up-regulated or down-regulated by sonication. As to the potential therapeutic applications, systemic or local sonotransfection might also be a safe and effective gene therapy method in effecting the cure of local and systemic disorders. Gene regulation of target cells may be utilized in modifying cellular response to a treatment, such as increasing the sensitivity of diseased cells while making normal cells resistant to the side effects of a treatment. Advances in sonodynamic therapy and drug sonopermeabilization also offer an ever-increasing array of therapeutic options for low-intensity US.     

Antidiarrheal and central nervous system activities of SC-27166 (2-[3 - 5 - methyl - 1, 3, 4 - oxadiazol - 2 - yl) - 3, 3 - diphenylpropyl] - 2 - azabicyclo [2.2.2]octane), a new antidiarrheal agent, resulting from binding to opiate receptor sites of brain and myenteric plexus.

Pharmacological studies were performed to investigate the interaction of SC-27166 (2-[3-(5-methyl-1,3,4--oxadiazol-2-yl)-3,3-diphenylpropyl]-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane), a new antidiarrheal agent, with opiate receptor sites in vitro and in vivo. Morphine, loperamide and SC-27166 inhibited the binding of [3H]naloxone to homogenates of guinea-pig brain and myenteric plexus and the inhibition was diminished in the presence of 100 mM Na+. Unlike that of morphine and [3H]naloxone itself, the binding of loperamide and SC-27166 was complex and Scatchard plots indicated the presence of low and high affinity sites for both compounds. Morphine, loperamide and SC-27166 inhibited the contractions of electrically driven longitudinal muscle from guinea-pig ileum and naloxone antagonized these effects. In the anesthetized dog, i.v. administration of morphine and SC-27166 enhanced the contractile activity of circular muscle in proximal and distal duodenum and distal ileum but duodenal longitudinal muscle was relaxed; these effects were completely reversed by subsequent administration of naloxone. In the rat, p.o. administration of loperamide and SC-27166 inhibited intestinal propulsion at doses considerably lower than were necessary to produce activity in the hot plate test; this specificity of action was not seen with morphine. In the rat, p.o. administration of loperamide and SC-27166 inhibited diarrhea at doses considerably lower than were necessary to produce withdrawal symptoms. The authors concluded that both loperamide and SC-27166 are specific antidiarrheal agents that produce both their central and antidiarrheal effects by binding to opiate receptor sites.