促红细胞生成素对大鼠肾间质纤维化发动蛋白-1表达影响

目的探讨促红细胞生成素（EPO）对大鼠肾间质纤维化发动蛋白．1（Drp-1）表达的影响。方法81只sD大鼠,分为假手术组、对照组和EPO组,每组各27只。EPO组、对照组采用单侧输尿管结扎并剪断建立肾间质纤维化模型,假手术组仅游离输尿管而不结扎和剪断;EPO组予EPO皮下注射;假手术组和对照组给予等量生理盐水皮下注射。各组于术后7、14和21d取动脉血分离血清检测血肌酐和尿素氮水平。取梗阻侧肾组织行苏木精．伊红和Masson染色,观察肾脏病理学变化。用免疫组化方法检测肾组织Drp一1的表达。结果@EPO组各时点血清肌酐和尿素氮水平显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）,但高于假手术组（P〈0．05）。②EPO组各时点肾组织病理改变较对照组明显减轻,肾小管间质损伤评分和肾间质纤维化相对面积均低于对照组（P均〈0．05）,但高于假手术组（P〈0．05）。③EPO组肾组织的Drp．1表达显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）,但高于假手术组（P〈0．05）。结论Drp-1在大鼠肾间质纤维化肾组织中表达增加,参与。肾脏纤维化过程;EPO可以通过抑制Drp一1表达,从而延缓肾间质纤维化的进展。     

Effects of rhBNP on myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction in rats

Purpose: We aimed to observe the effects and mechanism of rhBNP treatment on myocardial fibrosis (MF) after myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: SPF rats were separated into 3 groups: normal, MI (ligation of left coronary artery), and MI + rhBNP (recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide). Rats in MI + rhBNP group were given 30 μg/kg for 2 days before modeling and for 4 weeks after modeling. mRNA levels and the expression levels of TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor) and CTGF (connective tissue growth factor) in 3 groups were analyzed using the RT-qPCR and western blotting analysis, respectively. Furthermore, myocardial volume fraction (CVF) was analyzed using the Sirius Red F3B (SR) while the percentage of type I and III collagen in 3 groups were analyzed using the immunohistochemical staining. Results: Compared with the normal group, the levels of TGF-β1, CTGF, CVF, type I and III collagen were higher in MI group. However, mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF were significantly decreased in MI + rhBNP compared to MI groups. Expression of TGF-β1 was lower while that of CTGF was higher in MI + rhBNP group than that in MI group. Besides, CVF, and type I and III collagen were lower in MI + rhBNP group compared with MI group. Conclusion: rhBNP could significantly decrease the TGF-β1 and CTGF levels in post-MI so as to inhibit the type I and III collagen deposition in MF of post-MI. rhBNP will be benefit for the improvement of MF.     

黄精多糖对自身免疫性心肌炎大鼠JAK/STAT通路及心肌纤维化的影响

目的 探讨黄精多糖(Polygonatumsibiricumpolysaccharide,PSP)对自身免疫性心肌炎(AM)大鼠Janus激酶/信号转导子和转录激活子(JAK/STAT)通路及心肌纤维化的影响.方法 建立自身免疫性心肌炎大鼠模型,随机分为:模型组、PSP低剂量组、PSP中剂量组、PSP高剂量组、卡托普利...     

Effects of D-penicillamine and encorton on the fibrotic processes in experimental liver cirrhosis in rats

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of D-penicillamine (cuprenil), encorton and both drugs in combination on fibrotic processes in the rat liver damaged by chronic use of CCl4. The studies comprised 80 white Wistar rats divided into 8 experimental groups. Group I receiving every day oral methylocellulose for 12 weeks was a control group. In group II the rats were given only CCl4 for 12 weeks. In the remaining experimental groups beside CCl4 the animals received drugs in various doses and for various periods. At 12 weeks all animals were killed and post-mortem studies were performed. The liver sections for histopathological studies were fixed in 10% buffered formaline. Paraffin specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosine. Colour reactions to collagen fibers were performed by using Heidenhein's method and to reticuline fibers by Gomori's method. In the assessment of the severity of fatty degeneration, inflammatory infiltrates and fibrosis the 3-point scale was used, ranging from + for minor changes, ++ for moderate changes, for severe changes, and 0 for no changes. Morphological analysis of the liver showed that chronic administration of CCl4 produced an experimental model of cirrhosis of the liver in rats. Concomitant use of CCl4 and cuprenil revealed its inhibiting action on the fibrotic process in the rats' liver. Inhibition of fibrosis varied and was related to the dose and time of its action. The most optimal was a low dose, 10 mg kg of body weight, whereas a double dose used during the experiment appeared less favourable. Similarly less effective action was exhibited after encorton. After combined use of both drugs the inhibitory effect was negligible. In addition hepatotoxic effects were found manifested by marked fatty degeneration of hepatocytes.     

Effects of vitamin D on renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy model rats

This study is to investigate the effects of vitamin D on renal fibrosis in rat diabetic nephropathy models, as well as the changes and interactions in the expressions of renal fibrogenesis- and inflammation-related genes. Rat diabetic nephropathy models were established by high-fat diets, which were subjected to TGF-β1 manipulation, as well as vitamin D treatment. H&E staining, Masson staining, and TEM detection were performed to assess the effects of vitamin D treatment and/or TGF-β1 manipulation on pathological changes in the renal tissues in these rat diabetic nephropathy models. Immunohistology and real-time PCR were used to evaluate the expressions of TGF-β1, MCP-1, CTGF, and VDR. Histological staining and TEM detection showed that, in both TGF-β1 over-expressed and interfered groups, vitamin D administration alleviated the renal fibrosis, compared with the vehicle treatment. Similar results were observed with the immunohistological staining. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that, when TGF-β1 was over-expressed in diabetic nephropathy, the expressions of MCP-1 and CTGF were also up-regulated, which would be decreased by the treatment of vitamin D. On the other hand, when TGF-β1 was interfered in DN, the expressions of MCP-1 and CTGF were relatively down-regulated, which would be further lowered by vitamin D administration. The mRNA expression of VDR was elevated by vitamin D treatment in these diabetic nephropathy models. Active vitamin D₃ and lentivirus-mediated TGF-β1 interference could effectively reduce the renal fibrosis and protect the renal function in diabetic nephropathy rat models, which makes a promising therapeutic strategy for the disease.     

Histopathological and biochemical studies on pancreatic fibrosis in WBN/Kob rats

 We investigated the time-course of changes in pancreatic fibrosis accompanied with pancreatitis in WBN/Kob rats. The areas of fibrosis and fatty replacement were analysed morphometrically, and biochemical measurements of pancreatic and plasma prolyl hydroxylase and of pancreatic collagenase were assessed. Male rats showed acute pancreatitis at 2–3 months of age, lesions that later underwent a transition to widespread fibrosis. The fibrosis then decreased, and the fibrotic tissue was replaced with adipose tissue. Morphometrically, the fibrotic area reached its maximal size when the rats were 4 months old, diminishing thereafter. The fibrosis occurred mainly in the intralobular space, and was principally attributable to type-III collagen. Type-I collagen scarcely appeared throughout the experimental period. α-Smooth muscle actin appeared in and around myofibroblasts that developed in an early stage and diminished later in accordance with the progressive manner of fibrosis. The plasma prolyl hydroxylase level was higher in males than in females from 4 through 10 months of age. Pancreatic collagenase activity in the males also increased during the same period. These findings suggest that pancreatic fibrosis in male WBN/Kob rats is affected by the balance between prolyl hydroxylase and collagenase. Received: 1 October 1998 / Accepted: 2 October 1998     

肝毒清颗粒对大鼠实验性肝纤维化的防治作用

目的 :观察肝毒清颗粒的抗纤维化作用。方法 :将Wistar雄性大鼠随机分成 6组 ,即正常对照组、模型组、肝毒清大、中、小剂量组和乙肝宁阳性组 ,采用四氯化碳诱导肝纤维化模型。于造模第 2个月始给予治疗药物。实验持续 3月后将大鼠处死取血作肝功检查及取肝组织做病理检查。结果 :肝毒清能降低AST ,升高TP、ALB ,与模型组比较 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;减轻肝脂肪变性、减少纤维组织增生、促进肝细胞再生。结论 :肝毒清对大鼠肝纤维化有明显防治作用     

左西孟旦对大鼠急性心肌梗死后心肌纤维化及心功能的影响

目的 探讨左西孟旦对心肌梗死（myocardial infarction,MI）大鼠心肌纤维化的影响及其作用机制。 方法 通过结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支建立MI模型。30只存活的MI大鼠随机分为模型组和左西孟旦组（Levo组）,每组15只。假手术组（n=10）的大鼠接受相同的外科手术,只是不进行动脉结扎。Levo组胃灌注左西孟旦4.67 μg·kg-1·d-1治疗28 d。假手术组和模型组大鼠同时给等量蒸馏水。采用二维超声心动图评价心功能,Masson-trichrome评价心肌纤维化程度,RT-qPCR检测COL1A1、COL3A1基因表达,Western blot检测SIRT1/TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路蛋白表达。 结果 超声心动图测量显示,与模型组相比,Levo组大鼠的左室收缩末期内径降低（P<0.05）,而射血分数和缩短分数显著升高（P<0.01）。Masson-trichrome显示,左西孟旦治疗可显著减少坏死心肌组织、抑制炎性细胞的浸润并减少胶原蛋白沉积。RT-qPCR分析显示,左西孟旦治疗显著降低了MI大鼠心肌组织中Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原的含量（P<0.01）。Western blot检测显示,左西孟旦治疗可显著上调MI大鼠心肌组织中SIRT1蛋白表达（P<0.01）,下调TGF-β1和p-Smad3蛋白表达（P<0.01）。 结论 左西孟旦具有抗纤维化和心保护作用。这些作用可能通过SIRT1/TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路介导。     

胺碘酮对大鼠睾丸形态和功能的影响及其作用机制

目的:探讨胺碘酮对大鼠睾丸质量、形态、酶活性及精子活力的影响.方法:健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组,连续灌胃方式给予胺碘酮4周.处死大鼠后,分离大鼠双侧睾丸,并称重;光学显微镜观察精子活力,H-E染色观察睾丸形态;采用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)及一氧化氮(N...     

甲基化酶抑制剂对变应性鼻炎大鼠Th1/Th2细胞及相关因子的影响

目的:探讨甲基化酶抑制剂5-杂氮-2-脱氧胞苷(5-aza-2-deoxycytidine,5-aza)对变异性鼻炎大鼠辅助性T细胞(helper T cell,Th)亚群Th1和Th2细胞的分化及白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-4、干扰素(interferon,IFN)-γ水平表达的影响。方法:将30只S...     

骨髓间充质干细胞对大鼠硅沉着病纤维化形成的影响

目的 观察骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)对大鼠硅沉着病（矽肺）纤维化形成的影响,并初步探讨其机制。方法 体外分离、培养BMSCs。将54只健康雌性SD大鼠随机分为生理盐水对照组、硅沉着病模型组、干细胞移植组,每组18只。分别在造模后1、3、7、14、28及56d处死各组大鼠,HE染色观察肺组织形态变化;Masson染色观察胶原增生情况;免疫荧光双标技术检测性别决定基因(sry)和肺泡表面活性蛋白C(SP-C)示踪雄性大鼠BMSCs在雌性硅沉着病大鼠肺组织内的分布及分化情况;免疫印迹法检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）蛋白表达情况。结果 HE及Masson染色显示,细胞移植组大鼠肺组织肺泡炎、肺纤维化程度及胶原面积均轻于模型组。免疫荧光双标显示,细胞移植组的雌性大鼠肺组织中有sry阳性的细胞,并且部分sry阳性细胞同时表达SP-C。免疫印迹法结果显示,模型组肺组织TNF-α和MMP-9的蛋白表达均较对照组增高(P ＜0.05),不同时间点在肺组织内的表达有不同的特点;BMSCs移植组肺组织TNF-α和MMP-9的蛋白表达在各时间点均低于模型组,高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0.05)。结论 BMSCs可以减轻二氧化硅（SiO₂）所致的大鼠硅沉着病纤维化程度,可能与其在肺组织中分化为Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞,降低肺组织中TNF-α和MMP-9的蛋白表达有关。     

Effects of tacrolimus and dexamethasone on tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mercuric chloride treated Brown Norway rats

We investigated the effects of daily injection of tacrolimus (FK), an immunosuppressor, or dexamethasone (Dx), an antiinflammatory agent, on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mercuric chloride-treated Brown Norway rats. The tubular lesions observed after one time injection of mercuric chloride were reduced in FK-treatment group, but not in Dx-treatment group. Moreover, FK reduced infiltration of mononuclear cells, especially macrophages, and proliferation of myofibroblasts in renal intestitium and also inhibited renal interstitial fibrosis through the reduction of the expressions of fibrosis-related factors, i.e. plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and transforming growth factor-beta1. On the other hand, Dx reduced lymphocyte infiltraton, but did not inhibit macrophage infiltration. In addition, Dx did not suppress myofibroblast profiferation, upregulation of fibrosis-related factors, and interstitial fibrosis. From these findings, it is suggested that FK may inhibit renal interstitial fibrosis through inhibition of macrophage infiltration, and that macrophages and myofibroblasts are very important fibrogenic factors in the development of mercuric chloride-induced renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in BN rats.     

黄芪甲苷对慢性心衰大鼠心肌纤维化及能量代谢的影响

目的:研究黄芪甲苷对慢性心衰大鼠心肌纤维化的影响,初步探讨其具体机制。方法:采用腹主动脉缩窄法(AAC)建立大鼠慢性心衰模型,建模成功后随机分为模型组、缬沙坦组及黄芪甲苷组,另建立假手术组。缬沙坦组和黄芪甲苷组分别给予2 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)的缬沙坦及30 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)的黄芪甲苷灌胃,假手术组及模型组给予生理盐水灌胃。8周后收集心脏结构及血流动力学参数,留取心肌染色后观察心肌细胞形态学变化Western blot和RT-qPCR检测长链脂酰辅酶A脱氢酶(LCAD)、6-磷酸果糖激酶1(PFK1)的蛋白及mRNA表达情况。结果:与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠的左室质量指数(LVMI)、胶原容积分数(CVF)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWD)、PFK1蛋白及mRNA表达均升高(P0.05),LCAD蛋白及mRNA表达均下降(P0.05)。与模型组相比,缬沙坦组及黄芪甲苷组LVMI、CVF、LVPWD、PFK1蛋白及mRNA表达均下降(P0.05),LCAD蛋白及mRNA表达升高(P0.05)。结论:黄芪甲苷可以抑制慢性心衰大鼠心肌纤维化,其机制可能是通过上调LCAD、下调PFK1、纠正能量代谢异常实现的。     

Histogenesis of alcoholic fibrosis and cirrhosis in the baboon.

Sequential liver specimens of 18 baboons exposed for up to 6 years to alcohol on a nutritionally adequate diet, as well as those of pair-fed controls, were examined by light microscopy. Whereas control animals failed to develop pathologic changes, in all baboons exposed, ethanol produced initial steatosis and subsequently fibrosis. Emphasis was on the pattern of the fiber accumulations as related to lesions of the hepatocytes. Segmented neutrophilic leukocytes were rarely observed, and the picture of frank alcoholic hepatitis was absent, but diffusely increased mononuclear sinusoidal cells and interstitial clusters of such cells with PAS-positive macrophages were abundant. Fibrosis proceeding to septum formation was associated mainly with large-droplet steatosis. Septum formation was initiated by excess layers of reticulin around steatotic hepatocytes or, more frequently, by linking of fiber accumulations around the clusters of mononuclear cells, in both instances with subsequent deposition of collagen fibers. Both processes were prominent in the centrolobular zone, creating a perivenous net-like fibrosis, but septum formation also started within the lobular parenchyma and eventually linked with the barely altered portal tracts. Fifteen alcohol-fed baboons developed septums, with diffuse septal fibrosis in 5; 4 proceeded to septal cirrhosis and 1 each to micronodular and to mixed micromacronodular cirrhosis. Cirrhosis in the baboons thus develops without the conspicuous polymorphonuclear inflammation characteristic of human alcoholic hepatitis. These observations indicate a pathway to cirrhosis over creeping fibrosis that might play a role also in man, instead of (or supplementing) the one proceeding over alcoholic hepatitis.     

单侧输尿管梗阻肾间质纤维化模型大鼠与川芎嗪的干预

背景：肾间质纤维化与组织基质金属蛋白酶2和金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子2表达失衡有关。 目的：建立单侧输尿管梗阻肾纤维化模型,观察川芎嗪治疗后肾间质病理变化及肾组织组织基质金属蛋白酶2和金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子2的表达变化。 方法：24只雌性SD大鼠分为3组,除假手术组外,模型组及川芎嗪组均在无菌条件下行左侧输尿管结扎建立单侧输尿管梗阻模型,川芎嗪组于术前1 d开始灌胃给药,40 mg/(kg•d),1次/d,连续2周。术后14 d处死各组大鼠,留取梗阻侧肾组织行苏木精-伊红染色和Masson染色以观察肾组织病理改变,免疫组化和反转录-聚合酶链反应方法检测肾组织基质金属蛋白酶2、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子2的表达水平。 结果与结论：川芎嗪组可明显减轻肾小管的扩张和萎缩,减轻肾间质纤维组织增生及炎性细胞浸润。与假手术组相比,模型组基质金属蛋白酶2、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子2蛋白和mRNA基因表达均明显增加(P < 0.01);川芎嗪组上述物质表达较模型组明显减少(P < 0.01)。提示川芎嗪通过下调基质金属蛋白酶2、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子2的表达,从而改善单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠的肾间质纤维化。     

植物甾醇酯对大鼠主动脉衰老及相关基因表达的影响

目的:探讨植物甾醇酯延缓大鼠主动脉衰老的作用及其机制。方法:将42只12月龄雌性SD大鼠随机均分为对照组、模型组和植物甾醇酯干预组,分别喂食基础饲料、高脂饲料和高脂加2%植物甾醇酯(W/W)饲料6个月。采用HE染色法和Masson染色法对主动脉横截面石蜡切片进行染色,观察主动脉组织的病理学改变,对血管壁平滑肌细胞和胶原纤维的绝对面积进行图像分析。检测血浆脂质蛋白、晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。分别采用real-time PCR和Western blot的方法评估主动脉组织沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果:与模型组相比,植物甾醇酯干预组的血浆总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著降低,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的水平相反(P0.05),甘油三酯的水平没有统计学差异;主动脉内膜和中膜的增厚以及平滑肌细胞的迁移均得到改善;主动脉平滑肌细胞和胶原纤维的含量显著下降(P0.05);血浆AGEs的含量显著降低(P0.05);机体的抗氧化功能有所提升,血浆MDA的含量显著减少(P0.05),SOD和CAT活性的差异没有统计学意义;PPARγ的表达下调,SIRT1的表达上调(P0.05)。结论:植物甾醇酯能够延缓大鼠主动脉的衰老。其机制可能与降低机体活性氧的生成有关。植物甾醇酯可能通过激活SIRT1或抑制PPARγ的表达而发挥作用。     

Diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis by transient elastography in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients

BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients is an increasing cause of death dependent on the development of liver fibrosis, which is currently assessed by liver biopsy despite its limitations. Liver stiffness measurement, a new noninvasive method, allows the evaluation of liver fibrosis. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the accuracy of liver stiffness measurement for the detection of fibrosis and cirrhosis in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients and to compare its accuracy with other noninvasive methods. METHODS: We studied 72 consecutive HIV patients with chronic hepatitis C who had a simultaneous liver biopsy and liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography (FibroScan; Echosens, Paris, France) for the assessment of liver fibrosis. RESULTS: Liver stiffness values ranged from 3.0 to 46.4 kilopascal. Liver stiffness was significantly correlated to fibrosis stage (Kendall tau-b = 0.48; P < 0.0001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of liver stiffness measurement was 0.72 for F > or = 2 and 0.97 for F = 4. For the diagnosis of cirrhosis, AUROC curves of liver stiffness measurement were significantly higher than those for platelet count (P = 0.02), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (P = 0.0001), Aspartate aminotransferase-to-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) (P = 0.01), and FIB-4 (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Liver stiffness measurement is a promising noninvasive method for the assessment of fibrosis in HIV-infected patients with chronic HCV infection. Its use for the follow-up of these patients should be further evaluated.     

曲尼司特对大鼠心肌梗塞后心肌纤维化及TGF-β1表达的影响

目的观察曲尼司特对大鼠心肌梗塞(MI)后左室心肌纤维化(MF)和转化生长因子-β1(TGF-B1)表达的影响.方法结扎左冠状动脉前降支建立大鼠心肌梗塞模型,随机分成3组假手术组、MI模型组和曲尼司特治疗组(400 mg·kg1·d1).4周后测定血流动力学指标评价心功能,测量左心室重与体重之比、梗死面积、非梗死区心肌羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量和TGF-B1的表达.结果与MI模型组比较,曲尼司特治疗后心肌梗死面积无明显改变(P＞0.05),但左室功能显著改善(P＜0.05),左心室肥大减轻(P＜0.01),非梗死区心肌HYP含量和TGF-B1表达降低(P＜0.05).结论曲尼司特可下调大鼠非梗死区心肌TOF-β1表达及降低HYP含量,减轻MI后左室非梗死区心肌纤维化,改善心功能.