单纯闭合性小儿股骨干骨折两种治疗方法的效果比较

目的 :比较手术与非手术治疗单纯闭合性小儿股骨干骨折的效果。方法 :54例单纯闭合性小儿股骨干骨折按随机对照试验设计 ,2 6例行钢板内固定 ,2 8例用胫骨牵引加石膏外固定直到出现骨愈合。临床和放射学评价按Carey法 ,经济评价按Coyte法。随访 3～ 1 0年。结果 :牵引固定组住院日 (2 8.4± 4 .8)d ,手术组 (9.6± 3 .2 )d,(P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,并发症少于非手术组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,非手术组费用(71 56 .3± 485 .2 )元 ,手术组为 (6 42 7.8± 432 .8)元 ,(P <0 .0 1 )。结论 ;手术治疗单纯闭合性小儿股骨干骨折可获得优秀效果 ,并降低并发症发生率 ,在缩短住院日、经济方面优于保守治疗     

胫骨骨折外支架固定与钢板内固定疗效比较

目的：探讨单侧多功能外固定支架与钢板固定疗效。方法：306侧胫骨骨折随机分为2组,1组203例行单侧多功能固定支架固定,另一组103例行加压钢板内固定,从手术创伤,手术时间,平均住院日,骨折愈合时间,并发症5个方面进行比较分析,结果：外支架组平均愈合时间为5．3个月,具有创伤小,住院时间短,并发症少,结论：外支架固定治疗胫骨骨折疗效优于加压钢板组。     

外固定架结合有限内固定治疗SandersⅡ型闭合性跟骨骨折的临床疗效

目的探讨外固定架结合有限内固定治疗SandersⅡ型闭合性跟骨骨折的临床疗效。方法 36例SandersⅡ型闭合性跟骨骨折中19例采用外固定架结合有限内固定治疗,17例行切开复位跟骨锁定钢板内固定。结果 36例均获随访6-12个月,平均8个月。外固定架组手术时间、术中出血量及皮瓣愈合情况优于内固定组,而两组骨折愈合时间、踝关节功能方面比较差异无统计学意义。结论外固定架结合有限内固定治疗SandersⅡ型闭合性跟骨骨折手术操作简便、创伤小,适用于无法耐受切开复位内固定手术的患者,同时还可避免内固定造成的医源性皮瓣坏死。     

胫腓骨骨折石膏固定与外固定架固定疗效比较

目的：探讨直视下复位加石膏外固定与外固定架固定治疗胫腓骨骨折的疗效。方法：７６例胫腓骨骨折均行直视下复位,简单内固定,以后分２组,１组３９例行石膏外固定,另１组３７例行外固定架固定,从骨折愈合时间,并发症２个方面进行比较分析。结果：石膏外固定组仅有２例术后存有膝关节功能障碍和１例骨不愈合,它的骨折愈合时间短。结论;直视下复位石膏外固定治疗胫腓骨骨折个有简单可靠,骨折愈合快,并发症少等优点。     

老年人股骨干骨折的治疗

目的；探讨适合老年人股骨干骨折的手术治疗方法。方法：68例老年人股骨干骨折随机分成3组：髓内钉固定组，加压钢板固定组和外固定支架固定组，临床观察结合，X线片评定骨折愈合，延迟愈合，不愈合作为判断13组临床疗效的标准。结果：髓内钉组的骨折愈合率明显高于其他两组，外固定支架组的骨折延迟愈合率高于其他两组，加压钢板组的骨折不愈合率高于其他两组（P＜0．05）。结论：髓内钉内固定治疗老年人股骨干骨折的临床疗效优于加压钢板和外固定支架。     

单臂多功能外固定架结合有限内固定治疗严重粉碎性胫腓骨骨折

目的 探讨单臂多功能外固定架结合有限内固定治疗严重粉碎性胫腓骨骨折的临床疗效.方法 对35例严重粉碎性胫腓骨骨折的病例采用单臂多功能外固定架结合有限内固定治疗并进行随访分析.结果 随访9～24个月(平均18个月),优23例、良9例、中3例,优良率为91.4%,平均愈合时间8个月.结论 单臂多功能外固定架结合有限内固定是治疗严重粉碎性胫腓骨骨折的一种很好的方法,值得推广应用.     

单边外固定架结合有限内固定治疗高能量Pilon骨折疗效分析

目的通过观察单边外固定架结合有限内固定治疗高能量Pilon骨折的临床疗效,探索高能量Pilon骨折的有效治疗方法。方法自1995年5月~2004年10月,笔者治疗高能量Pilon骨折50例,随访7~36个月,平均14·2个月。比较外固定架组(单边外固定架结合有限内固定)与跟骨牵引组(有限内固定结合跟骨牵引)在骨折临床愈合时间、伤口感染率,以及踝关节功能三方面的差异。结果外固定架组比跟骨牵引组骨折临床愈合时间早,伤口感染率低,踝关节功能恢复更好(P<0·05)。结论对于高能量Pilon骨折,采用单边外固定架结合有限内固定是一种较好的选择。     

单臂外固定架辅助闭合复位治疗股骨干多节段骨折

目的探讨单臂外固定架辅助闭合复位,交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干多节段骨折手术方法及疗效。方法采用单臂外固定架辅助闭合复位,交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干多节段骨折14例。结果本组均获7~24个月随访,平均15.3个月,骨折愈合时间14~25周,平均愈合时间16.8周。所有骨折均愈合,无断钉或邻近关节功能障碍。肢体功能恢复按Karlstron标准评价:优12例,良2例。结论单臂外固定架辅助闭合复位,交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干多节段骨折创伤小,操作简单,复位有效,骨折愈合率高,并发症发生率低。     

单臂外固定架结合有限内固定治疗肱骨不稳定性骨折

[目的]探讨单臂外固定架加有限内固定治疗肱骨不稳定性骨折的优越性、安全性及疗效。[方法]自1998年以来应用单臂外固定架加有限内固定治疗肱骨不稳定性骨折36例，通过应用钢丝捆扎或螺丝钉固定使不稳定性骨折变成稳定性骨折，外固定架对断端轴向加压作用促进骨折愈合，早期活动以恢复关节功能。[结果]所有病例随访时间平均16个月，均在3-9个月愈合，功能复查优31例，良4例，差1例。[结论]单臂外固定架加有限内固定治疗肱骨不稳定性骨折固定牢靠，骨折愈合快，关节功能恢复良好。是一种创伤小、安全有效、操作简便的方法之一。     

四肢长管骨骨折骨不连的治疗

长管骨骨不连是骨科治疗难题之一，1988～2000年间收治四肢长管骨骨不连84例。根据时间先后分别应用加压钢板、单臂多功能外固定支架、交锁髓内钉固定加植骨治疗，现分析如下。     

Pediatric femoral fractures: a systematic review of 2422 cases

BACKGROUND: The incidence of femoral fractures in children comprise 20 per 100,000 yearly in the United States and Europe. The treatment of femoral shaft fractures in the pediatric population remains controversial. The child's age often directs the management. Nonoperative treatment options include functional treatment for the very young, Pavlic harness, skin or skeletal traction, and spica casting. Operative treatment options include closed reduction and external fixation, open reduction and internal plate fixation, closed reduction and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO), and closed reduction and intramedullary nailing with either flexible or rigid nails. The effect of operative versus nonoperative treatment has been the focus of several comparative studies. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of different treatment options on the rate of union, malunion, leg-length discrepancy (LLD), complications, and outcome after femoral shaft fractures in children.     

弹性髓内钉固定与外固定支架治疗儿童股骨干骨折疗效比较

目的：比较弹性髓内针与外固定支架治疗儿童股骨干骨折的疗效。方法：2002年9月至2008年8月治疗儿童股骨干骨折共67例,使用弹性髓内针治疗儿童股骨干骨折36例,男23例,女13例,年龄5～11岁,平均（7.1±1.6）岁;外固定支架治疗31例,男19例,女12例,年龄3～12岁,平均（6.5±2.3）岁。所有病例均为闭合复位,对两种不同内固定术后骨折愈合时间、术后并发症进行比较分析。结果：全部病例均获随访,时间9～24个月,平均（12±3）个月。弹性随内针组治疗小儿股骨骨折在骨折临床愈合时间和骨性愈合时间均短于外固定支架组（P〈0.05）。外固定支架组,继发钉道感染5例,骨折延迟愈合3例,再骨折2例,螺钉断裂1例;弹性髓内针组钉尾激惹3例。结论：弹性髓内针治疗儿童股骨干骨折有很大优势,而对高能量骨折及多发伤的病例外固定支架则不失为一种良好的选择,股骨近端和远端骨折尽量避免使用弹性髓内针固定。     

扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干骨折不愈合、延迟愈合

目的　总结使用扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干骨骨折不愈合、延迟愈合的临床经验。方法　回顾自 1999年 4月～2 0 0 1年 6月使用扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干、胫骨干骨折不愈合、延迟愈合病人 2 1例 ,其中股骨 8例 ,胫骨 13例 ,钢板固定术后 ,股骨 3例 ,胫骨 6例。普通髓内针股骨 5例。外固定架胫骨 2例。石膏固定胫骨 3例 ,骨牵引股骨 2例。均采用有限切口切开复位顺行扩髓 ,静力锁定加植骨术。结果　随访半年以上 18例 ,骨折均愈合 ,临近关节功能达正常。无感染、断钉等并发症。结论　采用有限切口切开复位、扩髓、静力锁定治疗股骨、胫骨干骨折不愈合、延迟愈合 ,具有骨折稳定性可靠、有利于骨折愈合和早期关节活动的优点 ,是治疗股骨、胫骨干骨折不愈合、延迟愈合的有效方法之一。     

Pediatric femoral shaft fractures treated by flexible intramedullary nailing

Background: Nowadays pediatric femoral fractures are more commonly managed with operative treatment rather than conservative treatment because of more rapid recovery and avoidance of prolonged immobilization. Children between the ages of 5e13 years are treated either by traction plus hip spica and flexible/elastic stable retrograde intramedullary nail, or external fixators in the case of open fractures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of pediatric femoral shaft fractures treated by stainless steel flexible intramedullary nail in children between 5 and 13 years of age. Methods: There were 32 cases of femoral shaft fractures which were all fixed with stainless steel flexible intramedullary nail under fluoroscopy. Long leg cast was applied at the time of fixation. Partial weight bearing was started 2 weeks after surgery. Patients were evaluated in follow-up study to observe the alignment of fracture, infection, delayed union, nonunion, limb length discrepancy, motion of knee joint, and time to unite the fracture. Results: We were able to follow up 28 out of 32 patients. The patients were 8.14 years of age on average. The mean hospital stay after operation was 4 days and fracture union time was 9.57 weeks. There were 3 cases of varus angulation, 2 cases of anterior angulation, and 4 cases of limb lengthening. Conclusion: Patients aged between 5 and 13 years treated with flexible intramedullary nail for closed femoral shaft fracture have rapid union and recovery, short rehabilitation period, less immobilization and psychological impact, and cost-effective.     

A cost analysis of three methods of treating femoral shaft fractures in children: a comparison of traction in hospital, traction in hospital/home and external fixation

INTRODUCTION: There is no consensus as to which is best treatment of femoral fractures in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a cost analysis comparing three treatments of femoral shaft fractures in children aged 3-15 years at 3 hospitals during the same period (1993-2000). The analysis included total medical costs and costs for the care provider and were calculated from the time of injury up to 1 year. RESULTS: At hospital 1, treatment consisted of external fixation and early mobilization. At hospital 2, the treatment was skin or skeletal traction in hospital for 1-2 weeks, followed by home traction. At hospital 3, treatment was skin or skeletal traction in hospital until the fracture healed. RESULTS: The average total costs per patient were EUR 10,000 at hospital 1, EUR 23,000 at hospital 2, and EUR 38,000 at hospital 3. INTERPRETATION: The main factor for determining the cost of treatment was the number of days in hospital, which was lower in children treated with external fixation.     

Evaluation of pediatric lower extremity fractures managed with external fixation: outcomes in a deployed environment

External fixation of pediatric lower extremity fractures is usually reserved for severe, open fractures in polytraumatized patients, but it is often the only available treatment option for deployed military surgeons. We analyzed the outcomes and complications of 17 consecutive pediatric long bone fractures treated with external fixation at a Forward Surgical Team facility in an austere environment during Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan during a 12-month period. Treatment consisted of uniplanar external fixation for 12 femoral shaft fractures (11 closed), 4 tibial shaft fractures (all open), and 1 subtrochanteric fracture (closed) in 14 males and 3 females with an average age of 7.4 years. All 17 fractures went on to union with no incidences of refracture. Complications included 1 broken pin and 3 pin site infections treated with wound care and oral antibiotics. In a deployed environment, external fixation is the treatment method of choice for lower extremity fractures by virtue of patient, environment, equipment, and mission factors. This case series validates the usage of a simple, uniplanar external fixator for a variety of open and closed pediatric long bone fractures as evidenced by the successful union rate and low number of complications.     

Comparison of compression plate and flexible intramedullary nail fixation in pediatric femoral shaft fractures

The purpose of this study was to compare the results of compression plating and flexible intramedullary nailing for pediatric femoral shaft fractures. Thirty-eight consecutive patients with 40 femoral shaft fractures were evaluated. Twenty-two femoral segments were treated with a compression plate and 18 femoral segments were treated with flexible intramedullary nailing. The time to healing, operation time and complications were evaluated. The average operation time was statistically significantly shorter in the nailing group (P=0.039). Four implant failures occurred in the compression plate group whereas one non-union was observed in the flexible nailing group. Flexible intramedullary nailing seems to provide a high union rate with a shorter operation time when compared with plate fixation.     

单侧钩槽式外固定器治疗股骨远段骨折

目的探讨单侧钩槽式外固定器治疗股骨远段骨折的疗铲。方法 将ＵＨＳＥＦ治疗的２４例股骨远段骨折的疗效与２６例石膏外固定，６例钢板内固定及１４例牵引的疗效进行比较。结果 ＵＨＳＥＦ治疗的２４例股骨下段骨折术后愈合时间１０－１４周，平均１２周，术后２周骨折邻近关节开始活动。与石膏固定，钢板内固定及牵引疗法相比，关节活动早，卧床时间短，并发症少，骨愈合率高。     

Is external fixation in pediatric femoral fractures a risk factor for refracture?

The aim of this study was to investigate whether external fixation is a risk factor for refracture by comparing the outcomes of children who received three different forms of treatment of femoral fractures. One hundred ninety-two patients treated for femoral fracture between 1990 and 1999 who underwent final examination were assessed. One hundred were treated with hip spica casting after traction, 57 with closed reduction and external fixation, and 35 with open reduction and external fixation. Morbidity results such as time to union, length of hospital stay, refracture, and wire site infection were statistically evaluated. Patients undergoing open reduction had a greater time to union and length of hospital stay and a higher refracture rate. The difference was statistically significant. Wire site infection occurred in all three groups; there was no statistically significant difference between groups. The authors concluded that external fixation is not a risk factor for refracture in the treatment of pediatric closed femoral diaphyseal fractures, and that it may be used with ease in clinics with shortages of personnel and space.     

Management of pediatric femoral shaft fractures

Femoral shaft fractures are the most common major pediatric injuries managed by the orthopaedic surgeon. Management is influenced by associated injuries or multiple trauma, fracture personality, age, family issues, and cost. In addition, child abuse should be considered in a young child with a femoral fracture. Nonsurgical management, usually with early spica cast application, is preferred in younger children. Surgery is common for the school-age child and for patients with high-energy trauma. In the older child, traction followed by casting, external fixation, flexible intramedullary nails, and plate fixation have specific indications. The skeletally mature teenager is treated with rigid intramedullary fixation. Potential complications of treatment include shortening, angular and rotational deformity, delayed union, nonunion, compartment syndrome, overgrowth, infection, skin problems, and scarring. Risks of surgical management include refracture after external fixator or plate removal, osteonecrosis after rigid antegrade intramedullary nail fixation, and soft-tissue irritation caused by the ends of flexible nails.