抹、擦、梳、滚、揉、按 降压六字经

高血压患者在坚持服用降压药物的同时进行按摩,可帮助巩固降压疗效。这里推荐"抹、擦、梳、滚、揉、按"六字按摩法。抹就是用食指或中指抹前额。擦就是用双手手掌摩擦头部的左右两侧。摩擦时用力不宜过大,以自觉舒适为好。梳就是双手手指微屈,十指好似虎爪般,先从前额发     

慢性咳嗽、呼吸困难、心律失常、猝死、

病历摘要患者张××,男性,60岁,金属冶炼厂拌粉工人,住院号2205900。咳嗽四年余,咳嗽气急加剧伴下肢浮肿10多天,于1979年5月14日入院。患者自1975年起有轻咳,白色泡沫痰,经某医院摄胸片,诊断为肺结核,用链霉素90克,内服异烟肼,来见好转,活动后气急,遂于1977年8月摄胸片复查,病灶未见好转,继续抗结核治疗。入院前十几天咳嗽、气急加剧,不能平卧,伴尿量减少下肢浮肿,胃纳差,经急诊胸透诊断为肺结核收入肺科病房。既往身体健     

多种微量元素注射液中铁、锌、锰、铜、硒、铬、钼的测定

目的：建立多种微量元素注射液中铁、锌、锰、铜、硒、铬、钼的含量测定方法。方法：采用火焰原子吸收法测定多种微量元素注射液中铁、锌、锰、铜含量,石墨炉原子吸收法测定其硒、铬和钼含量。结果：铁、锌、锰、铜、硒、铬、钼的线性范围分别为0．053～0．385μg／mL、0．25～2．50μg／mL、0．25～3．50μg／mL、0．5～8．0μg／mL、10．0～100．0ng／mL、10．0～100．0ng／mL、5．0～50．0ng／mL,平均回收率分别为99．2％、99．3％、99．0％、99．9％、98．4％、100．5％、99．0％。结论：本法可以准确测定多种微量元素注射液中铁、锌、锰、铜、硒、铬、钼的含量,该法简便、快速、准确可靠。     

尿频、尿急、尿痛、呕吐、消瘦

病历摘要患者男,22岁,住院号:18243。未婚,黑龙江人,1977年5月10日因尿频、尿急、尿痛反复发作2年,呕吐,逐渐消瘦20余天急诊入院。患者2年前无明显诱因出现尿频、尿急、尿痛,经当地诊断为肾盂肾炎,用青霉素、链霉素治疗,症状好转后断续服用消炎药,未进行系统治疗。平素尚能做一般工作,但每遇过劳即感乏力,周身不适,胃纳欠佳。20天前症状加重,频繁呕吐,为咖啡色胃内容物,尿少,去卫生院诊断为尿毒症而住院治疗月余无明显好转,不能进食,消瘦,转来我院。过去史:否认结核病史,无胃病出血史,无血液病史。个人史:无特殊。家族史:父母健在,家中无同样病史。     

网络、资本、人

2010年过去了。这一年,新医改政策继续推进,基本药物招标、补贴政令频出,药品降价持续施压,药品零售业感受到黑云压城,却还没经受风刀霜剑的真正摧折;     

尿频、尿急、尿痛

泌尿科的医生总爱戏称自己是＂水管工＂,这话虽说有调侃的意味,但比喻还是相当恰当的。其实人的泌尿系统也正如水管一样,从藏在肾脏里细微的肾小管,到排尿的输尿管,再到储存尿液的＂蓄水池＂（膀胱）,犹如一个复杂的城市排水系统。     

云南汉族、白族、纳西族儿童锌、铜、铁、钙、镁水平现状调查

目的了解云南省三个不同民族地区儿童血清必需微量元素锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）及宏量元素钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）水平现状，探讨其影响因素。方法调查昆明市区汉族儿童、大理地区剑川县白族儿童、丽江地区纳西族3～9岁儿童共1104人。测定儿童血清Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋、Fe^2＋及Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋，对所得结果进行年龄组间、地区间比较。结果建立了昆明市区、丽江县、剑川县汉族、白族、纳西族儿童元素Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋、Fe^2＋、Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋水平参考范围。昆明市区汉族学龄前儿童Zn^2＋、Ca^2＋低于学龄儿童，Cu^2＋高于学龄儿童，Fe^2＋、Mg^2＋水平无统计学差异；剑川县白族儿童Zn^2＋低于学龄儿童，Cu^2＋、Fe^2＋、Mg^2＋高于学龄儿童，Ca^2＋水平无统计学差异；丽江县纳西族儿童Zn^2＋、Fe^2＋、Mg^2＋低于学龄儿童，Cu^2＋高于学龄儿童，Ca^2＋水平无统计学差异。结果表明同一地区儿童年龄组间血清元素水平存在明显统计学差异（P〈0．01）。三个地区儿童血清Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋、Fe^2＋、Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋水平比较：各年龄组儿童Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋丽江高于剑川、昆明；学龄前儿童Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋、Fe^2＋剑川高于昆明、丽江；学龄儿童Fe^2＋、Mg^2＋昆明低于丽江、剑川。Ca^2＋丽江高于剑川、昆明。各地区间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论云南省汉族、白族、纳西族儿童Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋、Fe^2＋，Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋水平存在年龄组间、地区间差异，应高度重视儿童血清必需元素水平现状。     

养神、养性、养气

中老年人应该注意生态情志养生,以培养出快乐的情绪、坚强的意志、和谐的人际关系,从而达到保持健康,延年益寿的目的。随着经济的不断发展,人们对健康的需求也发生了很大的变化,大家越来越关注健康,重视养生。那么,到底该从什么角度阐述养生的理论和实践呢?笔者认为,生态     

勤学、修身、自律

雨果说过“书籍是改造灵魂的工具,是滋补光明的养料。”我赞同这一说法。作为年轻人,多学习,可以培养宁静的心态,陶冶健康的生活情趣。因为年轻人,特别是年轻干部,缺少经验,甚至许多东西都是处于不懂、不知的状态。多学习,无论是向书本学、向他人学,或有机会参加培训、学习、讲座等,都可以增长我们的业务知识或社会知识,才能明白什么事可做、什么事不可做、如何做,才能明白勤学、修身、自律、敬业之间的内在联系。     

Isolation and structure elucidation of 12beta-acetoxycoccinic Acid, 12beta-hydroxycoccinic Acid, 12alpha-acetoxycoccinic Acid, and 12alpha-hydroxycoccinic acid1

Four new triterpenoid acids, possessing a lanost-9(11)-en-3-one skeleton, were isolated from KADSURA HETEROCLITA. Based on chemical and spectral analyses, they were assigned as 12beta-acetoxycoccinic acid, 12beta-hydroxycoccinic acid, 12alpha-acetoxycoccinic acid, and 12alpha-hydroxycoccinic acid.     

HPLC同时测定芍苓消银片中芍药苷、落新妇苷、绿原酸、迷迭香酸和甘草酸的含量

目的 建立同时测定芍苓消银片中芍药苷、落新妇苷、绿原酸、迷迭香酸和甘草酸含量的HPLC。 方法 采用Diamonsil C₁₈(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸(B)系统,梯度洗脱;多种波长下同时检测。结果 芍药苷、落新妇苷、绿原酸、迷迭香酸和甘草酸的保留时间依次为44.2,57.5,28.6,72.3,90.6 min,回归方程依次为：y=33 605 228x-124 483,r=0.999 9,线性范围为3.25~60.5 μg·mL^-1;y=101 354 460x-100 4,r=0.999 9,线性范围为6.5~130 μg·mL^-1;y=119 599 014x+22 521,r=1.000 0,线性范围为0.98~19.6 μg·mL^-1;y=104 333 261x-365 9,r=0.999 9,线性范围为0.75~15 μg·mL^-1;y=24 700 178x+7 185,r=0.999 9,线性范围为8~160 μg·mL^-1。平均加样回收率依次为98.7%,100.4%,99.6%,102.1%,102.3%,RSD依次为为2.17%,0.74%,2.64%,1.39%,1.93%。结论 本方法操作较为简便,测定结果准确可靠,重复性好,能排除其他成分的干扰,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

氨咖黄敏胶囊胆红素、贝斯素、胆酸、猪去氧胆酸的鉴别

目的：鉴别氨咖黄敏胶囊中胆红素、贝斯素、胆酸、猪去氧胆酸成分，完善氨咖黄敏胶囊的质量控制方法。方法：采用可见吸收光谱法、薄层色谱法对胆红素、贝斯素、胆酸、猪去氧胆酸进行了定性鉴别。结论：快速、准确、专属性强。     

蒸发光散射法测定谷丙甘氨酸胶囊的含量

目的:采用HPLC-ELSD法建立了测定谷丙甘氨酸胶囊中3种氨基酸含量的方法.方法:采用Capcell Pak C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为0.4%三氟乙酸,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温35℃.蒸发光散射检测器条件为撞击器关闭状态,漂移管温度105℃,载气流速2.5 L·min-1.结果:谷氨酸、丙氨酸、甘氨酸的线性范围依次为:0.53～2.65,0.20～1.00,4～20 g·L-1,相关系数依次为:0.998 9,0.998 4,0.999 1.回收率(n=9)依次为:99.4%,100.3%,99.8%(RSD分别为1.9%,1.5%,0.9%).结论:该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,快速、准确,适用于谷丙甘氨酸胶囊含量的质量控制.     

The Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Dihydroartemisinin,Arteether, Artemether,Artesunic Acid and Artelinic Acid in Rats

The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of dihydroartemisinin (DQHS), artemether (AM), arteether (AE), artesunic acid (AS) and artelinic acid (AL) have been investigated in rats after single intravenous, intramuscular and intragastric doses of 10 mg kg^?1. Plasma was separated from blood samples collected at different times after dosing and analysed for parent drug. Plasma samples from rats dosed with AM, AE, AS and AL were also analysed for DQHS which is known to be an active metabolite of these compounds. Plasma levels of all parent compounds decreased biexponentially and were a reasonable fit to a two-compartment open model. The resulting pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were substantially different not only between drugs but also between routes of administration for the same drug. After intravenous injection the highest plasma level was obtained with AL, followed by DQHS, AM, AE and AS. This resulted in the lowest steady-state volume of distribution (0.39 L) for AL, increasing thereafter for DQHS (0.50 L), AM (0.67 L), AE (0.72 L) and AS (0.87 L). Clearance of AL (21–41 mL min^?1 kg^?1) was slower than that of the other drugs for all three routes of administration (DQHS, 55–64 mL min^?1 kg^?1; AM, 91–92 mL min^?1 kg^?1; AS, 191–240 mL min^?1 kg^?1; AE, 200–323 mL min^?1 kg^?1). In addition the terminal half-life after intravenous dosing was longest for AL (1.35 h), followed by DQHS (0.95 h), AM (0.53 h), AE (0.45 h) and AS (0.35 h). Bioavailability after intramuscular injection was highest for AS (105%), followed by AL (95%) and DQHS (85%). The low bioavailability of AM (54%) and AE (34%) is probably the result of slow, prolonged absorption of the sesame-oil formulation from the injection site. After oral administration, low bioavailability (19–35%) was observed for all five drugs. In-vivo AM, AE, AS and AL were converted to DQHS to different extents; the ranking order of percentage of total dose converted to DQHS was AS (25.3–72.7), then AE (3.4–15.9), AM (3.7–12.4) and AL (1.0–4.3). The same ranking order was obtained for all formulations and routes of administration. The drug with the highest percentage conversion to DQHS was artesunic acid. Because DQHS has significant antimalarial activity, relatively low DQHS production could still contribute significantly to the antimalarial efficacy of these drugs. This is the first time the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and conversion to DQHS of these drugs have been directly compared after different routes of administration. The results show that of all the artemisinin drugs studied the plasma level was highest for artelinic acid; this reflects its lowest extent of conversion to DQHS and its slowest rate of elimination.     

HPLC同时测定大血藤中绿原酸、咖啡酸和香草酸的含量

目的 建立同时测定大血藤各部位绿原酸、咖啡酸和香草酸含量的高效液相色谱方法。方法 色谱柱为Kromasil C₁₈柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,4.5 μm),流动相：A为1%冰醋酸,B为甲醇,以A∶B=68∶32等度洗脱;柱温：30 ℃;流速：1 mL·min^-1;检测波长：327 nm;进样量：20 μL。结果 在测定样品中,绿原酸和咖啡酸在乙酸乙酯部位含量最高,分别为4.52%,0.11%,香草酸在二氯甲烷部位含量最高,为5.8%。结论 该方法简便、准确、重复性高,可用于大血藤中绿原酸、咖啡酸、香草酸含量的测定。     

HPLC同时测定珠子草中没食子酸、短叶苏木酚和鞣花酸的含量

目的 建立同时测定珠子草中没食子酸、短叶苏木酚和鞣花酸的HPLC法,并对珠子草该3种成分进行含量测定。方法 色谱柱：Shimazu C₁₈(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相：0.1%磷酸(A)-乙腈(B)梯度洗脱,流速为0.8 mL·min^-1;柱温：室温;检测波长：270 nm;进样量10 μL。结果 没食子酸、短叶苏木酚和鞣花酸含量分别在0.6~9.6 μg、0.525~8.4 μg、0.475~7.6 μg内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系。没食子酸的平均含量为0.196 2%,短叶苏木酚为0.518 2%,鞣花酸为0.411 0%。结论 本方法操作简便,准确度高,可用于珠子草中没食子酸、短叶苏木酚和鞣花酸3种成分含量的测定。     

HPLC法同时测定金银花中4种主要成分的含量

目的:通过HPLC法测定金银花中四种主要成分绿原酸、当药苷、咖啡酸、木犀草苷的含量。方法:色谱柱为Inert-sil ODS-3 C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）。梯度洗脱法,流动相A为0.05%磷酸;B为乙腈,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长为234 nm。结果:绿原酸、咖啡酸在0.01～0.20 mg·ml^-1浓度范围内均呈良好线性关系,r=0.999 8;同时当药苷、木犀草苷在0.001～0.020 mg·ml^-1浓度范围内均呈良好线性关系,r=0.999 8。平均加样回收率均在96%～101%,精密度和重复性的RSD均<3%,24 h内稳定性良好。结论:本分析方法简单、灵敏、准确、重复性好,可同时分析金银花中四种主要成分。     

Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives, Caffeoylmalic and New Caffeoylaldonic Acid Esters, from Chelidonium majus*,1

HPLC analysis of a hydrolyzed extract obtained from the aerial parts of CHELIDONIUM MAJUS yielded 0.4% caffeic, 0.06% P-coumaric, and 0.02% ferulic acids; gentisic and P-hydroxybenzoic acids were below 0.01%. The caffeic acid derivatives occur as esters of which four were isolated using gel permeation chromatography, centrifugal partition chromatography and HPLC; they were assigned on the basis of their spectroscopic data ( (1)H-, (13)C-NMR, UV, MS) as the new (-)-2-( E)-caffeoyl- D-glyceric acid, (-)-4-( E)-caffeoyl- L-threonic acid, (-)-2-( E)-caffeoyl- L-threonic acid lactone, and the known (+)-( E)-caffeoyl- L-malic acid.