急性髓细胞性白血病(M4型)

报告1例急性髓细胞性皮肤白血病(M4型).患者女,48岁.全身出现丘疹、红色结节14d,伴剧烈瘙痒.体格检查:全身泛发大小不等的红色丘疹、结节,质韧,无压痛.皮损组织病理检查:真皮内弥漫淋巴样细胞浸润,有明显异形及较多核分裂象.免疫组化组织病理检查:CD68阳性(灶性),MPO阳性(少量).骨髓穿刺:白血病细胞大量增生,免疫标记:CD68、CD11b、MPO及HLA-DR均阳性.诊断:急性髓细胞性白血病(M4型).患者经过2次DA(伊达比星、阿糖胞苷)方案化疗后,再次行骨髓穿刺示缓解,但皮损仍有复发.     

急性髓细胞性白血病M2型所致皮肤白血病一例

报道1 例急性髓细胞性皮肤白血病.患者男,38岁,因确诊急性粒细胞性白血病1年,躯干部皮疹1个月入院.皮肤科检查:躯干、右额部皮肤散在数十个直径约1～2 cm大小的红色结节及斑块,略高出皮面,触之有明显浸润感,无压痛.骨髓检查及免疫学证实为急性髓细胞性白血病M2型,患病1年后躯干及前额皮肤出现斑块及结节,皮肤组织病理及免疫组化证实为皮肤白血病.白血病短期内出现皮肤、肺、脾、肾、胸腰骶椎多发性浸润,则提示病情急性进展及预后不良.     

长期以头部皮肤损害为表现的急性髓细胞性白血病1例

报告1例长期以头部皮肤损害为表现的急性髓性白血病(AML)并分析皮肤损害特征、组织病理及髓过氧化物酶(MPO)免疫组化染色特点。该患者为男性,63岁,以局限性头部皮损反复发作7月为其主要症状。皮损呈多形性,以红斑、脓疱、糜烂及溃疡为主,短期内四肢出现浸润性斑块。骨髓病理及流式细胞术提示急性髓性白血病M2型。头部皮肤组织病理见血管周围散在的肿瘤细胞,表达MPO阳性。白血病临床表现复杂,头部浸润是其皮肤受累部位之一。在白血病的诊断以前出现头部皮疹,活检提示有异型细胞浸润,提示白血病的进展及预后不良。     

急性单核细胞白血病伴皮肤浸润1例

患者女，51岁。2002年1月出现上唇肿痛，经血液和骨髓穿刺检查证实为急性单核细胞性白血病(M5b)。经化疗后缓解，2003年2月患者出现左下唇红色肿块，背部、双上肢皮肤多个结节，血象与骨髓象正常，皮肤组织病理为单核细胞皮肤浸润，经化疗后皮损减轻。     

自行消退的皮肤母细胞性浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤

报告1例皮肤母细胞性浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤。患者女,33岁,孕32+1周。全身多发紫红色结节及斑块1个月,无痛痒,外周血WBC及单核细胞均增多。皮肤科检查:躯干及四肢散在紫红色结节及斑块,表面光滑,质韧。皮损组织病理检查:真皮全层胶原束间单个核细胞浸润,可见核异形。骨髓穿刺示骨髓增生Ⅱ级,粒系0.27,红系0.29,单核细胞比例偏高,原幼单细胞占0.31,可见Auer小体。外周血涂片:单核细胞比例偏高,可见中幼粒细胞。免疫组化示CD56(+)及CD4部分(+)。诊断:皮肤母细胞性浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤。患者未行任何治疗,剖宫产后皮损、血象及骨髓象均暂时好转。3个月后病情复发,进展为急性单核细胞白血病。血液科行CLAG方案化疗达到完全缓解。     

以皮疹为首发的急性单核细胞性白血病四例

【摘要】 目的 探讨急性单核细胞性皮肤白血病的临床病理特征。 方法 回顾分析4例以皮肤表现为首发症状的急性单核细胞性白血病患者。 结果 患者均为老年人,年龄分别为68、70、74、82岁。皮疹多表现为淡红色至紫色,质韧的丘疹、结节、斑块,多见于躯干和四肢。无明显自觉症状。皮损组织病理：真皮内大量肿瘤细胞密集、弥漫浸润。肿瘤细胞不亲表皮,与表皮形成明显无浸润带。可见肿瘤细胞围绕血管和附属器结构呈同心层状排列或排列成单行穿梭于胶原纤维束间。肿瘤细胞中等大小,肾形或卵圆形,异形性明显。免疫组化染色结果：肿瘤细胞CD68、CD4、CD45RO、CD56、白细胞共同抗原（LCA）阳性;CD3、CD20、CD30、CD34、CD117,CD123阴性。 结论 该病多见于老年人,组织病理表现为真皮全层胶原纤维间密集均匀一致的肿瘤样细胞浸润,与表皮间存在无浸润带。     

以丘疹结节为首发表现的早期急性单核细胞白血病一例

急性单核细胞白血病以多发性丘疹和结节为首发表现且经皮肤活检、骨髓活检明确诊断的个案报道较少。本例急性单核细胞白血病患者就诊时全身泛发绿豆至指甲盖大小暗红色斑、丘疹、结节，双眼内侧睑缘绿豆大小红色肉芽肿样增生，并未出现明显血象指标异常，仅出现单核细胞比率升高，提示皮肤科医师应结合皮损临床表现重视血液系统肿瘤的早期不典型血象改变。     

以红斑丘疹为首发表现的慢性淋巴细胞白血病

报告1例以红斑丘疹为首发表现的慢性淋巴细胞白血病。患者男,69岁。因全身红斑、丘疹伴瘙痒19 d就诊。皮肤科检查:腰腹部、双上肢可见片状红斑、斑丘疹和丘疹;四肢可见片状碎瓷样裂纹,伴有渗出、结痂,以下肢为著,双小腿可见凹陷性水肿。皮损组织病理检查:真皮浅层血管周围少量淋巴单一核细胞浸润;皮损免疫组化:CD45(+++),CD43(+++),CD5(+++),CD10(++),CD20、CD23、CD117及配对盒基因(PAX)5均(-)。骨髓组织病理检查:淋巴细胞在骨小梁间小灶增生,胞体小,胞浆量少,核圆或椭圆,核染色质粗,未见核仁,约占有核细胞的5%;骨髓免疫组化:CD3散在(+),CD5(+),CD20(+++),PAX5(++),CD23(+),CD10、G1/S-特异性周期蛋白(Cyclin)D1及性别决定区Y框蛋白(SOX)11均(-)。诊断:慢性淋巴细胞白血病。     

急性淋巴细胞性皮肤白血病

报告1例急性淋巴细胞性皮肤白血病.患者女,17岁.右胫前肿块2个月余,右大腿出现紫红色结节、躯干出现紫红色浸润性斑块1个月余,偶有疼痛和瘙痒.血常规检查正常.皮损组织病理榆查示真皮浅层有一狭窄无浸润带,在真皮和皮下组织可见大小不一的单一核细胞浸润,部分胞核较大,深染,偶见核丝分裂.免疫组化染色结果示CD3、CD4、CD5、CD8、CD20、CD79、MPO标志均为阴性,CD68阳性,且TdT标记30%～40%单一核细胞为阳性,提示为淋巴细胞前体细胞,结合骨髓细胞学检查诊断为急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL-L2).给予患者DOCP(吡柔比星、地塞米松、环磷酰胺及长春新碱)方案化疗2个疗程后,胫前肿块缩小变平,身体其他部位皮损均消退.     

侵袭性天然杀伤细胞白血病

报告1例侵袭性天然杀伤细胞白血病.患者男,37岁.全身散在暗红色丘疹5个月,乏力并加重1个月.浅表淋巴结未触及,脾脏肋下6 cm,肝脏肋下未触及.根据患者骨髓组织病理、免疫组化、免疫分型和电镜检查结果诊断为侵袭性天然杀伤(NK)细胞白血病(aggressive natural killer cell leukaemia),皮肤免疫组化及电镜检查提示侵袭性NK细胞白血病皮肤侵犯.该例资料提示皮损组织病理检查对揭示皮肤淋巴瘤侵犯是不够的,免疫组化及电镜检查在确立诊断中起重要作用.     

New fillers for the new man

ABSTRACT:  Two new collagen-based lidocaine-containing dermal fillers, ArteSense™/ArteFill™ (Artes Medical, San Diego, CA) and Evolence® (Colbar LifeScience Ltd., Herzliya, Israel), have proved to be of particular interest to men, many of whom seek a long-lasting or permanent correction. ArteFill™ has been available in the United States since 2006, and it is expected that Evolence® will reach the American market in 2008. The properties of the two products will be described, and experience based on the administration of many hundreds of syringes of both products by a Canadian dermatologist will be detailed here, with tips and precautions to optimize patient outcomes.     

Outcomes and adverse effects of ablative vs nonablative lasers for skin resurfacing: A systematic review of 1093 patients

It is generally believed that ablative laser therapies result in prolonged healing and greater adverse events when compared with nonablative lasers for skin resurfacing. To evaluate the efficacy of ablative laser use for skin resurfacing and adverse events as a consequence of treatment in comparison to other modalities, a PRISMA‐compliant systematic review (Systematic Review Registration Number: 204016) of twelve electronic databases was conducted for the terms “ablative laser” and “skin resurfacing” from March 2002 until July 2020. Studies included meta‐analyses, randomized control trials, cohort studies, and case reports to facilitate evaluation of the data. All articles were evaluated for bias. The search strategy produced 34 studies. Of 1093 patients included in the studies of interest, adverse events were reported in a total of 106 patients (9.7%). Higher rates of adverse events were described in nonablative therapies (12.2% ± 2.19%, 31 events) when compared with ablative therapy (8.28% ± 2.46%, 81 events). 147 patients (13.4%) reported no side effects, 68 (6.22%) reported expected, transient self‐resolving events, and five (0.046%) presented with hypertrophic scarring. Excluding transient events, ablative lasers had fewer complications overall when compared with nonablative lasers (2.56% ± 2.19% vs 7.48% ± 3.29%). This systematic review suggests ablative laser use for skin resurfacing is a safe and effective modality to treat a range of pathologies from photodamage and acne scars to hidradenitis suppurativa and posttraumatic scarring from basal cell carcinoma excision. Further studies are needed, but these results suggest that ablative lasers are a superior, safe, and effective modality to treat damaged skin.     

Genetic alterations in RAS‐regulated pathway in acral lentiginous melanoma

Studies integrating clinicopathological and genetic features have revealed distinct patterns of genomic aberrations in Melanoma. Distributions of BRAF or NRAS mutations and gains of several oncogenes differ among melanoma subgroups, while 9p21 deletions are found in all melanoma subtypes. In the study, status of genes involved in cell cycle progression and apoptosis was evaluated in a panel of 17 frozen primary acral melanomas. NRAS mutations were found in 17% of the tumors. In contrast, BRAF mutations were not found. Gains of AURKA gene (20q13.3) were detected in 37.5% of samples, gains of CCND1 gene (11q13) or TERT gene (5p15.33) in 31.2% and gains of NRAS gene (1p13.2) in 25%. Alterations in 9p21 were identified in 69% of tumors. Gains of 11q13 and 20q13 were mutually exclusive, and 1p13.2 gain was associated with 5p15.33. Our findings showed that alterations in RAS‐related pathways are present in 87.5% of acral lentiginous melanomas.     

Self‐resolving superficial primary cutaneous mucormycosis in a 7‐week‐old infant

A 7‐week‐old girl, born at 30 weeks' gestational age, presented to clinic for evaluation of a crop of vesicular lesions that were noted after removal of a bandage that had been in place for 4 days. A punch biopsy of the lesion revealed fungal elements that were later identified as Rhizopus spp. The lesion began to self‐resolve, and no further treatment was needed, with full resolution of the lesion by 1 month after presentation. Clinicians should be aware of the variable presentations of mucormycosis and consider fungal infection in the differential diagnosis when evaluating vulnerable patients with skin eruptions.     

Evidence‐based skin care in preterm infants

Most guidelines on neonatal skin care emphasize issues pertaining to healthy, term infants. Few address the complex task of skin barrier maintenance in preterm, very preterm, and extremely preterm infants. Here, we provide an evidence‐based review of the literature on skin care of preterm neonates. Interestingly, the stratum corneum does not fully develop until late in the third trimester, and as such, the barrier function of preterm skin is significantly compromised. Numerous interventions are available to augment the weak skin barrier of neonates. Plastic wraps reduce the incidence of hypothermia while semipermeable and transparent adhesive dressings improve skin quality and decrease the incidence of electrolyte abnormalities. Tub bathing causes less body temperature variability than sponge bathing and can be performed as infrequently as once every four days without increasing bacterial colonization of the skin. Topical emollients, particularly sunflower seed oil, appear to reduce the incidence of skin infections in premature neonates—but only in developing countries. In developed countries, studies indicate that topical petrolatum ointment increases the risk of candidemia and coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus infection in the preterm population, perhaps by creating a milieu similar to occlusive dressings. For preterm infants with catheters, povidone‐iodine and chlorhexidine are comparably effective at preventing catheter colonization. Further studies are necessary to examine the safety and efficacy of various skin care interventions in premature infants with an emphasis placed on subclassifying the patient population. In the interim, it may be beneficial to develop guidelines based on the current body of evidence.     

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices

About 1000 patients were investigated at our clinic during 1991 for occupational skin disease. and 5 had occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. The patients were chefs, or kitchen, coffee room, and restaurant workers. All patients had hand (or finger) dermatitis. The causative spices were: garlic, cinnamon, ginger, allspice and clove, The same patients also had allergic patch test reactions to foods: tomato, lettuce and carrot. Paprika elicited a weak allergic patch test reaction in 2 patients. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices is relatively rare, but needs to be taken into consideration in patients who have hand dermatitis, and work with spices and foods, Patch testing with spices as is useful, but testing with dilutions in pet, may be needed to confirm that the patch test reactions are allergic. Patients also need to be prick tested with spices and foods.     

Subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery

Chronic venous insufficiency is a tremendous health care problem in western societies. Venous disease can affect any combination of the superficial, deep, and perforator venous systems of the lower extremities. Generally the superficial venous deficits are addressed through sclerotherapy, enovenous ablation, stab phlebectomy, and or stripping. Patients with advanced clinical sequelae (lipodermatosclerosis or ulceration) of CVI should also be evaluated for the presence of incompetent perforating veins. Open surgical approached to the calf perforating veins (ie. Linton procedure) were complicated by significant wound complications and have largely been replaced by the less invasive Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Surgery (SEPS). The use of SEPS in patients with ulceration has been shown to be safe and to reduce the time that patients will have ulcers during follow-up. This chapter will review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of incompetent perforating veins of the legs with particular attention to surgical issues.