有限切开复位克氏针内固定结合外固定支架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折疗效分析

[目的]探讨桡骨远端粉碎性骨折行有限切开复位克氏针内固定结合外固定支架(LORIF+EF)治疗的临床效果。[方法]2008年1月~2012年12月间本院采用切开复位克氏针内固定结合外固定支架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折38例,筛选年龄、性别、骨折严重程度等相似的38例行切开复位锁定钢板内固定(ORIF)治疗的患者与其对照,评估两组患者在手术和住院时间、医疗花费、骨折复位、关节功能及并发症等方面的差异。[结果]两组患者均得到随访,期间未发生严重的并发症。两组患者在Sarmiento评分、Dienst评分、并发症发生率方面的差异无统计学意义;LORIF+EF组在手术及住院时间、住院费用等方面显著低于ORIF组。[结论]对于桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的治疗,有限切开复位克氏针内固定结合外支架操作简单、固定确实、费用低、疗效满意。     

切开复位加压锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的疗效观察

目的观察应用切开复位加压锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法对40例桡骨远端粉碎性骨折患者采用切开复位加压锁定钢板内固定治疗。结果术后平均随访8.2个月,经X线或CT等影像学复查,除1例延迟愈合外,其余均骨折复位良好,内固定稳定。依据Colles骨折复位后功能评价:优16例,良19例,可3例,差2例。优良率87.50%。全组无切口感染、骨髓炎、骨折不愈合,内固定松动、腕关节僵硬等并发症发生。结论微采用切开复位加压锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折骨折,复位良好,内固定稳定,并发症少,疗效满意。     

T型接骨板治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折45例早期疗效分析

目前治疗桡骨远端骨折的方法很多，包括手法复位外固定、闭合复位外固定架固定、切开复位克氏针内固定、切开复位板钉内固定等。大多数桡骨远端关节外的简单骨折手法复位石膏外固定可获得满意疗效，对不稳定的桡骨远端粉碎骨折，尤其关节内骨折，单纯关节固定很难做到关节面良好的对位和稳定的固定，从而造成桡腕及桡尺关节骨性关节炎、握力下降、顽固性腕关节疼痛等并发症。因此对桡骨远端不稳定骨折诊断及治疗的研究日益受到各国学者重视。     

手术与非手术治疗桡骨远端骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较手法复位石膏外固定和掌侧钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的疗效。方法 根据患者骨折程度及手术意愿,40例桡骨远端骨折患者采用手法复位石膏外固定治疗(为非手术组),32例桡骨远端骨折患者采用掌侧钢板内固定治疗(为手术组)。治疗后摄X线片复查骨折复位情况,记录治疗1年后腕关节活动度。末次随访时,采用Gartland-Werley评分评价腕关节功能,采用腕关节功能自主评定表(PRWE)评价患者满意度。结果 患者均获得随访,时间12～24个月。两组治疗后摄X线片复查显示,骨折均对位良好,尺偏角、掌倾角、桡骨高度手术组均优于非手术组(P 0. 05)。骨折均愈合,时间3～6(3. 9±1. 5)个月。治疗后12个月腕关节、前臂活动度各项指标两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。末次随访时,两组腕关节功能优良率比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05);两组患者满意率比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论 切开复位掌侧钢板内固定治疗不稳定型桡骨远端骨折的功能优于手法复位石膏外固定,但由于手法复位石膏外固定方法简单、患者痛苦少、费用低,故仍可作为稳定或相对稳定型桡骨远端骨折的首选治疗方法。     

动力性外固定支架和闭合复位治疗桡骨远端关节内移位骨折的疗效比较

目的 回顾性分析和比较动力性外固定支架(dynamic external fixation，DEF)与闭合复位石膏外固定两者治疗桡骨远端关节内移位骨折的疗效评价。方法 对96例急性桡骨远端关节内移位骨折患者，49例应用动力性外固定支架、47例采用闭合复位石膏外固定治疗。结果 治疗后均随访1年。96例桡骨远端关节内骨折，按AO分型属B型或C型骨折复位评分及Lidstrom功能评分标准评定：(1)石膏固定组：复位评分：优良率为44．7％，一般为36．2％，差者19．1％。功能评分：优良率为46．8％，一般为31．9％，差者21．3％。(2)动力性外固定支架组：复位评分：优良率达95．9％，一般及差仅占4．1％。功能评分：优良率为91．8％，一般及差为8．2％。结论 动力性外固定支架组的复位和功能评分明显优于石膏组，是治疗桡骨远端关节内严重移位、粉碎性骨折的好方法。     

切开复位内固定治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折移位

切开复位内固定治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折移位何志晶何洪生摘译苗旭漫审校采用切开复位，Ｔ—钢板内固定治疗３１例复位困难或闭合复位失败的桡骨远端关节内骨折。随访时间４年（３～７年）。术后腕关节掌侧倾斜角、桡骨下端长度、关节对合及关节内骨折片的复位均明显改善...     

T型钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的评价切开复位T型钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法对18例合并关节损伤移位、闭合复位不佳桡骨远端粉碎性骨折,行切开复位T型钢板内固定,必要时行植骨术。结果平均随诊11．5个月,参照Kienst功能评分标准,12例优,5例良,1例可。结论T型钢板内固定是治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的有效方法。     

外固定架结合有限内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折

桡骨远端不稳定性骨折是指桡骨远端粉碎性骨折,尤其是关节内骨折,大多涉及桡腕关节或下尺桡关节面.治疗时无论是单纯钢板固定或单纯手法复位石膏外固定,结果均难令人满意.     

两种方法治疗老年桡骨远端粉碎骨折的比较研究

目的 对比分析手法复位石膏外固定和掌侧斜“T”形钢板内固定治疗老年桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法2007年10月至2008年6月分别采用手法复位加石膏托外固定及切开复位“T”形锁定钢板内固定治疗老年桡骨远端骨折176例,采用Gartland等腕关节评分进行功能评定,并采用PRWE评分了解患肢功能对患者日常生活的影响程度及患者对治疗的满意度,比较两种不同治疗方法的疗效。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间6～14个月,平均11．4个月。x线显示骨折全部愈合。Gartland和Werley腕关节评分手法复位石膏外固定组优良率为77．8％,掌侧斜“T”形钢板内固定组优良率为87．6%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;但是两组PRWE评分和患者满意度均无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论除少数经关节面且有明显关节面移位,保守治疗失败的老年桡骨远端骨折可采用手术治疗外,大多数老年桡骨远端骨折经手法复位石膏外固定保守治疗即可取得较为满意的临床效果,手术的选择应慎重,应尊重患者的要求。     

小夹板和锁定钢板治疗老年人桡骨远端关节内骨折的比较

[目的]比较闭合复位小夹板外固定和切开复位锁定钢板内固定治疗老年桡骨远端关节内骨折的临床疗效。[方法]2013年1月~2014年12月,将66例桡骨远端关节内骨折的患者随机分为手法复位小夹板外固定治疗(保守组)和切开复位锁定钢板内固定(手术组)各33例。分别于治疗前、复位后、骨折愈合时,记录患者骨折复位状态(掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高)。记录患者骨折愈合时间。于骨折愈合时,记录腕关节活动度(屈伸活动度、桡尺偏活动度、旋前后活动度)、Mayo腕关节评分。[结果]治疗前,两组患者一般情况及骨折状况,差异无统计学意义。复位后、骨折愈合时,手术组患者掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高好于保守组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。骨折愈合时,手术组的掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高与复位后比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);骨折愈合时,保守组的掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高与复位后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。保守组骨折愈合时间短于手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。骨折愈合时,两组患者腕关节活动度、Mayo腕关节评分,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]手法复位小夹板外固定及切开复位锁定钢板内固定均可有效治疗老年桡骨远端关节内骨折。保守治疗存在骨折复位丢失的情况;保守治疗的患者骨折愈合时间相对短;采用手术治疗可获得良好的骨折复位;保守和手术的中远期腕关节功能无差别。     

Long-term results of various therapy concepts in severe pilon fractures

Introduction Intra-articular fractures of the tibia plafond are among the most challenging of orthopaedic problems. This is a retrospective case-control study of surgically treated pilon fractures which was undertaken to compare the internal fixation with the two external fixation methods. Methods This is a case-control study of 55 patients with 55 pilon fractures. There were 36 type C and 19 type B. Of these fractures, 24 were open and 31 closed. Three surgical protocols were used. In 20 patients, Group A, a half pin external fixator with ankle spanning was performed. The mean age of patients was 42.0 years (22.0–74.0), SD 14.1 and the mean follow-up was 77.7 months (38.0–132.0), SD 25.4. In 22 patients, Group B, a single ankle sparring ring hybrid external fixator under a small arthrotomy was performed. The mean age of patients was 48.4 years (28.0–76.0), SD 12.4 and mean follow-up was 67.9 months (36.0–132.0), SD 27.8. In 13 patients, Group C, a two-staged internal fixation was performed. The mean age was 45.6 years (30.0–66.0), SD 9.7 and the mean follow-up was 78.6 months (55.0–132.0), SD 25.4. We addressed the dissimilarity of the type of fracture in each group performing supplementary stratified analyses within each fracture type group. Results Group A had union in 6.9 months, group B in 5.6 months and group C in 5.1 months; P = 0.009. Six patients (Group A), two (Group B), and one (Group C) had limitation of ankle motion; P = 0.47. One patient from group C developed infection and the plate was removed. Four patients (Group A), one (Group B), and one (Group C) have developed posttraumatic arthritis (loss of joint space and pain); P = 0.25. Seven patients from Group A have reduced their activities; P = 0.004. In stratified statistical analysis by type of fracture, the associations noted for both fracture groups combined were also noted separately within each fracture group. Conclusion In this long term follow-up study, the two-staged internal fixation and the hybrid fixation with small arthrotomy were equally efficacious in achieving bone union. Patients in external fixation with the ankle spanning had a significantly higher rate of delayed union. Also more patients in this group have reduced their activities. Meeting at which the paper was presented: International Annual Meeting Of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003, Greece.     

骨外固定加压治疗胫骨干骨不连

目的 :通过观察半环槽式外固定器治疗胫骨骨不连的治疗效果 ,评价加压外固定对骨损伤修复的作用。方法 :采用半环槽式外固定器骨外加压固定治疗胫骨干骨不连 49例 (男 37例 ,女 12例 ) ,骨不连时间为 7～ 132个月。其中 7例感染性骨不连偏侧性骨缺损者 ,行病灶清除开放性植骨 ;5例感染性骨不连行病灶清除、内固定物取出、小腿皮瓣转位 ;10例骨不连、骨缺损伴伤肢短缩者 ,行胫骨干骺端截骨或骨骺牵伸延长。结果 :植骨全部成活 ,创面植皮获Ⅰ期愈合 ,肢体延长幅度 4.5～ 13 .5cm ,平均 7.5cm ,达到预期目标 ,49例患者均于术后 2 .5～ 10个月 ,获得骨愈合 ,平均 5 .4个月。结论 :骨外固定加压治疗胫骨干骨不连不仅具有确实的效果 ,而且有以下优点 :(1)方法简便、创伤小、局部血运干扰少 ;(2 )在局部感染的条件下仍可使用 ;(3)骨端始终保持有均匀的压应力和肢体功能锻炼时产生的生理应力刺激 ,有利于促进骨愈合 ;(4)可配合肢体延长联合使用 ,既治愈了骨不连 ,又均衡了双下肢长度 ,有利于肢体功能恢复。     

Mechanical Testing of Seven Fixation Methods for Generation of Compression Across a Midtarsal Osteotomy: A Comparison of Internal and External Fixation Devices

The purpose of this study was to assess 7 methods of fixation for a midtarsal osteotomy. Polyurethane foam models (N = 6) and cadaver specimens (N = 4-7) were used to examine the force generated by the different constructs of fixation. A midtarsal osteotomy was performed on each specimen in the test groups. The osteotomies were fixated either with 2 parallel 0.062-in Kirschner wires and 40-mm-long, 4-mm partially threaded, cancellous, cannulated titanium screws, an external ring fixator (frame), a frame with wires tensioned (tension), a frame with wires tensioned and compressed toward the osteotomy (tension and compression), a frame with tension, compression, and parallel Kirschner wires, or a frame with tension, compression, and two 4.0 cannulated parallel screws, respectively. Each model was fixated, and the force generated by the construct across the osteotomy was recorded via the use of pressure-sensitive film. Statistical analysis of the data in the polyurethane foam group determined that the use of frame with tension, compression, and two 4.0 parallel cannulated screws was statistically superior to 1) frame, 2) frame with tension, 3) 2 parallel Kirschner wires, 4) two 4.0 cannulated parallel screws, and 5) frame with tension and compression. A cadaver study determined that the frame with tension, compression, and 2 parallel Kirschner wires was statistically superior to 1) frame and 2) two parallel Kirschner wires. These findings suggest that there is a difference in the force generated by the type of fixation construct across a midtarsal osteotomy.     

Bone healing after metal plate fixation and external fixation of the osteotomized rabbit tibia

Controversy still exists as to the best method of treatment of long bone fractures. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects on the healing bone of external fixation and metal plate fixation. In an experimental model on the rabbit tibia the stiffness of the fixation corresponded intentionally to that of the same methods in human fracture treatment.

A transverse, midshaft osteotomy was made on one tibia, and fixed with a steel plate (45 × 5 × 1 mm) or external mini-fixation. The animals were killed after 4, 6 or 12 weeks. The bone healing was evaluated by radiography, histology and biomechanical testing in three-point bending. There were no significant differences between plate fixation and external fixation in the pattern of bone healing, as it occurred by periosteal, in-tramedullary and intercortical callus after both methods. The stiffness increased more rapidly than the strength, and reached normal values after about 6 weeks. No significant differences in stiffness between the two methods were found. The strength was significantly greater after plate fixation than after external fixation at 6 weeks, while no significant differences were found at either 4 or 12 weeks.

It is concluded that the speed of bone healing was more rapid after plate fixation. However, in the later stages of healing the plated bones were secondarily weakened because of the stress-protecting effect of the plate.     

Ensuring precision in lower limb deformity correction through a combination of temporary external fixation followed by internal fixation: Results of a retrospective study

Background:

It is important to plan preoperatively when contemplating internal fixation following deformity correction. Surgeons often find it difficult to retain the achieved correction till the end of internal fixation. To maintain precise correction we used hybrid technique which uses both external and internal fixation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this hybrid technique in achieving and retaining desired correction.

Materials and Methods:

In this retrospective study, we evaluated the magnitude of deformity with radiological parameters. We compared correction which was planned and correction which was achieved. The technique was used during surgery for corrective osteotomies. Before carrying out the osteotomy, rail fixator with two swivel clamps was applied. After osteotomy swivel clamps were loosened. Desired correction was achieved. While fixator held the fragments in corrected position, definitive internal fixation was carried out. External fixator was removed after completion of internal fixation. Position of mechanical axis ratio, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle and mechanical medial proximal tibial angle were measured before and 12 weeks after surgery. Student t-test was used to analyze the difference between correction which was planned and correction which was achieved.

Results:

There was no statistical difference between the desired correction and the correction achieved.

Conclusions:

Temporary use of external fixator while correcting angular deformities of lower limb allows to achieve accurate correction.     

夹板固定内翻位锻炼治疗踝部旋前外旋型Ⅲ度骨折

目的 探讨内翻位锻炼对距骨、内踝关节间隙的影响。方法 手法整复后,在小夹板的轻度内翻内旋微跖屈位固定下,每日将足放在内翻位进行稍用力的内翻活动10余次,每次10－15分钟,持续内翻锻炼4周。结果 25例患者的距骨、内踝的关节间隙均正常,腓骨、内踝均对位良好或佳,1例好转,全部有效。结论 及早进行内翻的功能锻炼,可使外翻分离的内踝骨折逐步复位,使踝关节功能早日恢复。     

骨盆骨折的手术治疗

目的 :探讨骨盆骨折各种手术方法的适应证及治疗效果。方法 :选择 3 2例骨盆骨折手术治疗病人 ,根据Tile’s分型及病人情况选择手术方法。多发伤、Tile’sB型早期 (平均 6.2h )行骨折闭合复位及外固定架固定 ,单纯骨盆骨折、Tile’sC型在伤后 5～ 7d行开放复位 ,用 3 .5～ 4.5mm重建钢板、拉力螺钉固定。结果 :本组 3 0例得到随访 ,平均随访 2 3 .4个月 ,骨折均愈合良好 ,肢体功能恢复良好。结论 :对于骨盆骨折 ,无论采取哪一种治疗方法 ,只要适应证选择得当 ,均能获得良好效果。     

肩胛骨骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨肩胛骨骨折的手术适应证与手术复位内固定的临床效果。方法自1998年2月至2003年6月，对一组26例经手术复位内固定治疗的肩胛骨骨折患者进行回顾性分析，骨折按Hardegger分型，肩胛体部骨折14处，肩胛颈部骨折12处，其中解剖颈骨折1处，外科颈骨折11处，肩胛冈骨折5处，肩峰骨折4处，肩胛盂窝骨折5处。手术入路采用肩胛骨外侧缘入路17例，肩关节后方入路9例。术后早期行功能锻炼。结果本组26例均获随访，随访时间为12～56个月，平均30．5个月。X线片显示，所有患者均在8～12周达到骨性愈合，平均9周。根据Hardeg—ger功能评定标准评定，优16例，良7例，可2例，差1例，优良率为88．5％。术后创伤性关节炎2例，异位骨化1例，无伤口感染和骨不连。结论手术治疗肩胛骨骨折恢复了肩关节的动力平衡和稳定性，是一种安全可靠的治疗方法．合理的运用手术入路和内固定方式，早期行功能锻炼，可取得满意的临床疗效。     

Pilon骨折三种不同治疗方法疗效探讨

目的探讨Pilon骨折的三种不同治疗方法临床适应证及其疗效评价。方法对2000年2月至2006年3月间治疗的63例Pilon骨折患者进行回顾性分析。其中开放性损伤15例，闭合性损伤48例。根据骨折类型与周围软组织损伤程度，分别采用三种不同治疗方法：跟骨牵引加小夹板固定组（29例）均为闭合性骨折，内固定组（23例），外固定器组（11例）。结果所有患者均获得随访，随访8～31个月（平均15．3个月），骨愈合时间8～14周，平均10周。按Helfet疗效评价标准，本组优良者57例（90．5％），其中Ⅰ型骨折优良者26例，Ⅱ型骨折优良者15例，Ⅲ型骨折优良者16例。结论根据骨折类型及软组织条件，恰当选择固定方法是取得Pilon骨折满意疗效的关键，可有效避免并发症的发生。     

动力跨关节型外固定架在不稳定性桡骨远端骨折中的应用

目的 探讨手法复位或辅以有限内固定结合动力跨关节型外固定架跨腕关节固定治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折的效果.方法 应用手法复位或辅以内固定结合动力跨关节型外固定架跨腕关节固定治疗35例不稳定性桡骨远端骨折,骨折愈合后拆除外固定架.结果 随访6～16个月,骨折愈合时间7～9周.最后一次随访时,按Cooney腕关节评分系统(包括疼痛、功能状况、腕关节活动度、握力):优18例,良14例,可1例,优良率为91.4%.结论 手法复位或辅以有限内固定结合动力跨关节型外固定架跨腕关节固定治疗桡骨远端骨折既能使骨折复位、固定满意,又有利于术后早期手和腕部的功能康复锻炼,是治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折的有效方法.