正交试验优选贯叶金丝桃中金丝桃苷的乙醇提取工艺

目的探索贯叶金丝桃药材中金丝桃苷的乙醇提取工艺。方法以金丝桃苷的含量为考察指标,采用正交设计法对影响乙醇提取效果的因素进行优选。结果最佳提取条件为10倍90%乙醇提取2次,每次1.5 h。结论最佳优选结果用于验证实验具有较好的重现性。     

糙枝金丝桃药材提取方法研究

目的确立糙枝金丝桃药材的最佳提取方法。方法通过单因素考察,分析提取溶剂和方法、乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取次数等因素对金丝桃苷提取率的影响,并在此基础上进行正交试验,以金丝桃苷为对照品,用HPI。C法测定含量,优化提取工艺。结果最佳提取工艺为：料液比1：50,95℃水浴中回流30min,乙醇浓度70％,此条件下糙枝金丝桃中金丝桃苷含量为3．35mg／g。结论本方法简便可行,重复性好,可作为糙枝金丝桃药材的提取方法。     

Box-Behnken设计优化回流提取山楂降脂有效成分的工艺研究

目的：优化回流提取山楂降脂有效成分的工艺。方法：在单因素实验的基础上,采用回流提取法,选取乙醇体积分数、溶媒用量、提取时间为考察因素,以熊果酸、金丝桃苷得率及干膏率的加权平均值为指标,通过Box-Behnken响应面设计优化提取工艺。结果：最佳提取工艺为：乙醇体积分数70％、溶媒用量12倍、提取时间100min、提取2次。在此条件下,熊果酸、金丝桃苷得率分别为0．548％、0．093％,干膏率33．92％,与模型预测值较接近。结论：优化的提取工艺稳定可行,可为山楂降脂成分的进一步研究提供参考。     

多指标正交试验优选莲房黄酮苷的提取工艺

目的优选莲房黄酮苷最佳回流提取工艺条件。方法选取乙醇浓度（30%、50%、70%）、提取时间（60、90、120 min）、提取次数（1、2、3次）、料液比（1∶12、1∶14、1∶16）作为考察因素,以杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、丁香亭-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷8个黄酮苷总含量为考察指标,以HPLC法进行含量测定。结果最佳提取条件为16倍量70%乙醇回流提取3次,每次1 h。结论正交试验优选出的莲房8个黄酮苷类成分总含量的提取工艺合理可行,为莲房黄酮类化合物的进一步研究提供参考。     

桂枝解郁方中巴戟天、甘草提取工艺研究

目的：优选桂枝解郁方中巴戟天、甘草提取工艺。方法：采用正交试验对醇提工艺条件进行优选,以耐斯糖、甘草苷、甘草酸的含量及固体得率为指标,对乙醇浓度、乙醇体积、提取时间、提取次数进行考察,优选桂枝解郁方的最佳提取工艺。结果：最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度30％,加12倍量的体积,提取3次,每次回流1．5h。结论：该提取工艺提取效率高,方法简便、稳定。     

正交设计试验法优选淫羊藿提取工艺条件

目的：优化乙醇回流法提取淫羊藿的工艺条件。方法：以淫羊藿苷的含量为指标，通过正交设计试验筛选乙醇回流法提取淫羊藿的最佳提取工艺，结果：影响淫羊藿乙醇回流法提取的主次因素为：溶媒用量＞乙醇浓度＞提取次数＞提取时间，最佳提取工艺条件是：用8倍80％的乙醇回流，提取3次，每次30min，结论：通过正交设计试验优选得到的淫羊 藿乙醇回流法的提取工艺条件稳定可行。     

辣椒素提取工艺研究

目的:优选辣椒中活性成分辣椒素的最佳提取工艺。方法:以辣椒素的含量为指标,用正交试验法对辣椒的提取工艺进行优选,考察乙醇浓度、乙醇量、提取时间、回流次数对辣椒素提取的影响,确定最佳提取工艺条件。结果:最佳提取工艺条件为10倍量80%乙醇,回流提取3次,每次0.5小时。结论:该工艺合理可行,稳定可靠,适合辣椒中辣椒素的提取。     

黄柏升麻口腔缓释膜中升麻提取工艺的研究

目的：优选升麻中异阿魏酸的最佳提取工艺.方法：采用高效液相色谱法测定异阿魏酸含量,以异阿魏酸的含量为考察指标,通过正交试验考察乙醇浓度,提取时间及提取次数对异阿魏酸的影响.结果：升麻的最佳提取工艺为：加70％乙醇,加热回流提取4h,提取2次.结论：按优选的工艺条件提取工艺简单、经验可行.     

宁夏六盘山产地秦艽龙胆苦苷提取工艺

目的 优选秦艽的最佳提取工艺.方法 采用正交试验法,以提取物中的龙胆苦苷为考察指标,对影响龙胆苦苷提取工艺的因素进行了研究.结果 龙胆苦苷的最佳提取工艺为50%乙醇,8倍量,回流提取3次,每次1h.结论 该工艺下的秦艽龙胆苦苷含量提取可达6.3%.     

骨碎补提取工艺的实验研究

目的：优选骨碎补提取的最佳工艺条件。方法：以骨碎补中柚皮苷及骨碎补总黄酮的含量为指标,采用L^9（3^4）正交设计法对骨碎补的提取条件进行研究。结果：提取次数是骨碎补有效成分提取的关键因素,其次是溶媒用量,提取时间和乙醇浓度为最次要因素。结论：最佳提取工艺条件是14倍量55%乙醇回流提取3次,2h/次。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.