蔓状隆起型胃底静脉曲张内镜下套扎 与组织胶注射治疗的对比分析

目的评价蔓状隆起型胃底静脉曲张内镜下套扎与组织胶注射治疗带来的风险与获益。方法2015年6月—2020年6月,因食管胃底静脉曲张在安徽医科大学第一附属医院消化内科接受内镜下静脉曲张套扎术或内镜下组织胶注射术治疗,符合胃底曲张静脉呈蔓状隆起（Hashizume标准F1型）的食管胃连通型血管（LDRf分型标准Le,gf型）病例193例纳入回顾性分析,按治疗方式分成胃底及食管套扎组（胃底和食管曲张静脉均行内镜下套扎术治疗,32例）、组织胶组（胃底曲张静脉行内镜下组织胶注射术治疗、食管曲张静脉行内镜下套扎术治疗,71例）和单纯食管套扎组（仅食管曲张静脉行内镜下套扎术治疗,90例）,对比分析3组的再出血率、治疗有效率、治疗显效率和并发症发生情况。结果（1）再出血率胃底及食管套扎组、组织胶组和单纯食管套扎组分别为18.75%（6/32）、12.68%（9/71）和3.33%（3/90）,仅在胃底及食管套扎组与单纯食管套扎组间差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.110,P＜0.016）。（2）3组治疗有效率均为100.00%。治疗显效率胃底及食管套扎组、组织胶组和单纯食管套扎组分别为37.50%（12/32）、25.35%（18/71）和14.44%（13/90）,仅在胃底及食管套扎组与单纯食管套扎组间差异有统计学意义（χ2=7.702,P＜0.016）。（3）3组均未出现肺部感染、肝性脑病、自发性细菌性腹膜炎和穿孔。胸痛或腹痛发生率胃底及食管套扎组、组织胶组和单纯食管套扎组分别为18.75%（6/32）、11.27%（8/71）和2.22%（2/90）,仅在胃底及食管套扎组与单纯食管套扎组间差异有统计学意义（χ2=10.524,P＜0.016）。发热、恶心呕吐发生率3组间差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论胃底和食管静脉曲张同时行内镜下套扎术治疗,以及胃底静脉曲张行内镜下组织胶注射术联合食管静脉曲张行内镜下套扎术治疗,对于蔓状隆起型胃底静脉曲张病例并无更多获益,而单纯行食管静脉曲张内镜下套扎术治疗可能获益更多。     

内镜下硬化剂联合组织胶注射在食管胃底静脉曲张早期排胶出血中的临床应用

目的 探讨食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血(esophageal and gastric varices bleeding,EGVB)的内镜下硬化剂联合组织胶止血治疗的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2018年1月辽阳市中心医院采用内镜下硬化剂和(或)组织胶注射治疗的192例EGVB患者,其中A组采用组织胶注射治疗共...     

内镜套扎及组织胶栓塞治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血的疗效观察

【摘要】目的探讨内镜下静脉曲张套扎术（EVL）及组织胶栓塞术治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析452例食管胃底静脉曲张出血患者的食管静脉曲张EVL和胃底静脉曲张组织胶栓塞术治疗及随访情况,对治疗效果及并发症进行总结。结果急诊止血成功率为100．0％（145／145）,早期再出血率为1．8％（8／452）,早期不良反应发生率为50．0％（226／452）,并发症发生率为12．4％（56／452）。EVL治疗食管静脉曲张有效率和显效率分别为32．5％（145／446）和40．4％（180／446）;组织胶栓塞术治疗胃底静脉曲张有效率和显效率分别为32．5％（136／419）和27．4％（115／419）。426例随访9—37个月,平均18个月,再出血发生率为10．1％（43／426）,6个月生存率为97．9％（417／426）,1年生存率为89．9％（383／426）。结论EVL及组织胶栓塞术治疗食管胃底静脉曲张疗效较好,两者联合治疗操作简单、疗效好、患者创伤小,既可以用于急诊止血,也可用于二级预防。     

预注硬化剂减少组织胶治疗后胃静脉曲张早期排胶出血

目的通过先注射硬化剂、再注射组织胶的方法治疗胃静脉曲张,观察是否能降低早期排胶出血率。 方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年3月经解放军火箭军总医院消化内镜中心因食管胃静脉曲张接受内镜下组织胶注射治疗的274例患者,将患者分成二组：改良方法组(组织胶注射灌注硬化剂)14例;传统方法组(单纯注射组织胶)133例。改良方法组注射组织胶前预注硬化剂3～5 ml。观察两组早期排胶再出血发生情况的差异。 结果传统方法组133例患者中发生早期排胶再出血9例,再出血率6.8%;改良方法组141例患者中发生早期排胶再出血2例,再出血率1.4%,较传统方法再出血率降低(P＝0.031)。 结论在胃静脉曲张患者内镜治疗中,改良方法组预注硬化剂比传统方法组织胶注射治疗具有更低的早期排胶再出血率。     

内镜注射组织胶治疗重度食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血疗效观察

对于门脉高压引起的食管胃底静脉曲张患者,由于食管静脉曲张内镜下套扎治疗(EVL)及内镜下硬化治疗(DVS)等技术的日趋成熟,单纯的食管静脉曲张(EV)破裂出血患者,一般经内镜可得到有效的治疗,但并发胃底静脉曲张(GV)”破裂出血患者,目前临床上尚缺乏理想的治疗手段。为使EV及GV患者得到更为有效的治疗,我院自1999年2月至2000年8月,开展内镜下连续套扎术治疗食管胃底静脉曲张23例,对其中4例并发重度GV破裂出血患者,联合内镜下行组织粘合剂注射治疗,取得理想疗效,现报告如下。     

内镜下单点注射组织胶治疗GEV1胃底静脉曲张

目的:评估内镜下单点注射组织胶治疗胃底静脉曲张的近期疗效,并印证内镜下GEV1型胃底曲张静脉血流方向的理论.方法:GEV1型胃底静脉曲张进行组织胶注射治疗,注射点选在贲门旁小弯侧曲张静脉,进行单点注射.静脉内注射后观察1-10 min,2wk内进行内镜复查.结果:胃底静脉曲张组织胶治疗后静脉均固化,部分静脉明显消失.胃底曲张静脉栓塞率100%(32/32).注射点黏膜糜烂发生率6.2%(2/32).结论:内镜下GEV1型胃底静脉曲张血流方向确实是从贲门旁小弯侧流向大弯侧.由静脉起始部位单点注射组织胶治疗,疗效显著.     

食管胃底静脉曲张内镜下套扎及组织胶注射术后早期再出血的危险因素分析

目的 初步探讨食管胃底静脉曲张患者行内镜下静脉曲张套扎术(EVL)及内镜下组织胶注射术后早期再出血的独立危险因素.方法 回顾性总结370例396例次肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张出血或曾经出血为预防再出血而行EVL和(或)内镜下组织胶注射术治疗患者的临床资料,分析术后早期再出血患者群与未出血患者群间的差异性因素,并引入Logistic回归分析以寻找独立危险因素.结果 是否有合并症、腹水、门静脉宽度、Child-Pugh分值、蓝色曲张静脉、胆碱酯酶、白蛋白水平在术后早期再出血患者和未出血患者群中分布差异明显(P均＜0.05);Logistic回归分析发现腹水、门静脉宽度、Child-Pugh分值、白蛋白水平为EVL及内镜下组织胶注射术后早期再出血的独立危险因素(P值分别为0.011、0.008、0.009和0.005),进一步进行分层分析得出随着腹水量增多、门静脉宽度增加、白蛋白减少、Child-Pugh分值大于10分后,EVL及内镜下组织胶注射术后发生早期再出血的危险性明显增加.结论 腹水量、门静脉宽度、Child-Pugh分值及白蛋白水平可明显影响食管胃底静脉曲张患者行EVL及组织胶注射术后早期再出血的发生.     

经内镜注射组织黏合剂D-TH胶治疗胃静脉曲张出血的探讨

目的 探讨组织黏合剂D-TH胶治疗胃静脉曲张(GV)出血的价值。方法 内镜下用三明治夹心法注射D-TH胶治疗GV 59例,46例GV出血,其中37例急性出血,9例近期出血;13例无GV出血史。随访观察其疗效及并发症。结果 59例患者共注射96次,平均1.63次／例,每点注射1ml。37例GV急性出血患者,急诊止血率为100％,30例(65.2％)随访12-36个月,平均(24.9±11.7)个月,3个月再出血率6.7％(2／30),12个月再出血率16.7％(5／30),36个月再出血8例,生存率为86.5％。术后发热2例,无其他并发症发生。结论 经内镜注射D-TH胶治疗GV出血是一种安全、有效的方法。     

内镜下组织胶注射联合套扎术治疗食管胃底静脉曲张的疗效分析

目的分析内镜下组织胶注射联合套扎术治疗食管胃底静脉曲张的并发症,以期提高疗效。方法采用内镜下组织胶注射联合套扎术治疗34例肝硬化并发食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者。结果平均随访6月,显效24例（70.6%）,有效9例（23.5%）,无效2例（5.9%）;21例（61.8%）患者术后出现胸骨后或剑突下疼痛,8例（23.5%）低热,6例（17.7%）近期再出血,其中5例（14.7%）分别于第一次治疗后第3~12周出现再出血,另1例（2.9%）术后8天并发大出血,最终因肝性脑病死亡,2例（5.9%）发生脑梗塞。结论内镜下组织胶注射联合套扎术治疗食管胃底曲张静脉安全有效,但存在一定的并发症。     

内镜超声引导弹簧圈栓塞联合内镜组织胶注射治疗胃底静脉曲张的回顾性研究

目的　评价内镜超声（endoscopic ultrasound,EUS）引导弹簧圈栓塞联合内镜组织胶注射治疗合并较大自发性分流道的胃底静脉曲张的疗效和安全性。方法　回顾性分析武汉大学人民医院2016年12月—2020年12月因胃底静脉曲张伴较大自发性分流道（分流道最窄处直径5~15 mm）接受EUS引导弹簧圈栓塞联合内镜组织胶注射的24例患者资料,统计并分析短期疗效（技术成功率、术后5 d再出血率、6周死亡率）、远期疗效（1年再出血率和死亡率、3年死亡率）及安全性（异位栓塞发生率）。结果　EUS引导弹簧圈栓塞联合内镜组织胶注射技术成功率91.7%（22/24）,5 d再出血率0（0/22）。1例（4.5%）术后2 d复查门静脉系统血管CT成像显示脾静脉主干部分栓塞。22例患者中2例失访,随访时间14.9（1.0~48.6）个月,术后6周死亡率0（0/20）,术后1年再出血率35.0%（7/20）。12例行胃镜随访的患者中,5例出现不同程度食管静脉曲张加重,5例出现不同程度门静脉高压性胃病加重。术后1年死亡率5.0%（1/20）,术后3年死亡率20.0%（4/20）,均与出血及异位栓塞事件无关。结论　对于合并较大自发性分流道的胃底静脉曲张患者,EUS引导弹簧圈栓塞联合内镜组织胶注射治疗短期安全有效,并能降低异位栓塞发生风险,远期疗效及安全性仍有待进一步证实。     

Cerebral air embolism as a complication of peptic ulcer in the gastric tube: case report

Background

The reported incidence of ulcer formation in the gastric tube in esophageal replacement is rare.

Case Presentation

This is the first report of a case of cerebral air embolism as a result of spontaneous perforation of an ulcer in the constructed gastric tube into the pulmonary vein during post-operative follow-up in a patient with esophageal cancer.

Conclusions

Cerebral air embolism is a rare complication of penetrating gastric ulcer, but should be considered in patients with a history of esophagectomy with gastric conduit that present with acute neurologic findings.     

Left main coronary artery embolism: a case report

A 27-year-old man had recurrent myocardial infarction found to be due to coronary embolism to the left main coronary artery with downstream embolization. The presumed etiology of thromboembolism was idiopathic cardiomyopathy. A unique method of treatment with Fogarty catheter retrieval was used.     

Transesophageal echocardiography detection of air embolism during endoscopic surgery and validity of hyperbaric oxygen therapy: Case report

Introduction:Air embolism has the potential to be serious and fatal. In this paper, we report 3 cases of air embolism associated with endoscopic medical procedures in which the patients were treated with hyperbaric oxygen immediately after diagnosis by transesophageal echocardiography. In addition, we systematically review the risk factors for air embolism, clinical presentation, treatment, and the importance of early hyperbaric oxygen therapy efficacy after recognition of air embolism.Patient Concerns:We present 3 patients with varying degrees of air embolism during endoscopic procedures, one of which was fatal, with large amounts of gas visible in the right and left heart chambers and pulmonary artery, 1 showing right heart enlargement with increased pulmonary artery pressure and tricuspid regurgitation, and 1 showing only a small amount of gas images in the heart chambers.Diagnoses:Based on E_TCO₂ and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), diagnoses of air embolism were made.Interventions:The patients received symptomatic supportive therapy including CPR, 100% O₂ ventilation, cerebral protection, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and rehabilitation.Outcomes:Air embolism can causes respiratory, circulatory and neurological dysfunction. After aggressive treatment, one of the 3 patients died, 1 had permanent visual impairment, and 1 recovered completely without comorbidities.Conclusions:While it is common for small amounts of air/air bubbles to enter the circulatory system during endoscopic procedures, life-threatening air embolism is rare. Air embolism can lead to serious consequences, including respiratory, circulatory, and neurological impairment. Therefore, early recognition of severe air embolism and prompt hyperbaric oxygen therapy are essential to avoid its serious complications.     

肺栓塞合并肾动脉反常栓塞一例报道

1 病例资料 患者女性,58 岁,因"晕厥一次,腹痛4 天"就诊.患者静息状态下无明显诱因突然意识丧失,无四肢抽搐、无口吐白沫,约10 min 自行转醒,即感持续性腹痛,无胸闷、胸痛、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、血便及黑便、呕血和肉眼血尿,晕厥时由旁边家人扶助,没有跌倒及撞击情况.门诊检查除外主动脉夹层,因心电图异常及心肌损伤标记物升高,以"急性冠脉综合征"收住院.既往否认高血压、糖尿病,身体健康,无不良嗜好,否认家族遗传病史.20 d 前双下肢外伤骨裂,草药包敷卧床至今.     

A unique complication during coronary angiography: peripheral embolism by selective right coronary engagement--a case report

"Micro" and "macro" peripheral embolisms during coronary angiography have been described. In all these cases, the aorta or the left heart chambers have been the source of embolus. A patient who during coronary angiography for acute inferior myocardial infarction experienced acute embolism of the left common femoral artery. The source of the embolus was a thrombus-filled right coronary artery, and the precipitating cause was its selective engagement with a diagnostic Judkins right catheter. A brief review of literature is also presented.     

Cerebral gas embolism from bronchoscopic argon plasma coagulation: a case report

Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is a common and safe bronchoscopic technique used in the management of obstructing lesions and hemorrhage in the central airways. Complications of bronchoscopic APC are uncommon and include hemorrhage, perforation and fire in the airways. While bronchoscopic APC has been reported to cause systemic gas embolization and associated cardiovascular collapse, we report a case of cerebral gas embolization that occurred during bronchoscopic APC and highlight underappreciated potential risk factors for its occurrence.     

Right coronary air embolism secondary to bowel infarction: a case report

An 81-year-old man with broad cerebral infarction presented with coronary air embolism secondary to bowel infarction and developed cardiogenic shock. Electrocardiography revealed ST elevation in the inferior leads and complete atrioventricular block with atrial fibrillation. Emergent angiography showed total occlusion of the right coronary artery without apparent thrombi. A multifunctional probe catheter was inserted into the right coronary artery for selective angiography. A moderate amount of air was aspirated from the catheter. The diagnosis was coronary air embolism. Coronary flow was restored after aspiration and normal saline flushing. Computed tomography showed massive portal venous gas. Emergent laparotomy disclosed broad bowel necrosis. The coronary air emboli may have originated from the portal vein and passed through the intrahepatic (portal to hepatic) shunt and patent foramen ovale(paradoxical embolization).