感染CDV的犬病料N、H、F基因的克隆与序列分析

目的 了解病料中犬瘟热病毒(CDV)的变异情况,为犬瘟热的预防与治疗提供理论依据.方法 采用RT-PCR方法对犬病料中CDV的血凝素蛋白(H)、融合蛋白(F)和核农壳蛋白(N)基因进行扩增,将扩增产物克隆到pGEM-T-easy载体中测序,并进行序列分析.结果 测定一株CDV的H、F和N基因大小分别为1863 bp、1653 bp和2235 bp.同源性分析表明,未发现碱基的插入和缺失.该病毒的H、F和N基因分别与国内强毒株BJ080127株的H基因、GN株的F基因和HL株的N基因亲缘关系最近,氨基酸同源性分别为97.3%、97.7%和99.3%.与国外标准野毒株A75-17在核苷酸水平上同源性依次为94.4%、93.8%和97.2%,与疫苗株CDV3在核苷酸水平上同源性分别为88.5%、88.8%和93.9%.系统进化树表明该病毒与国内强毒株在同一谱系.糖基化分析显示,该病毒在F基因3～5位氨基酸处多出1个糖基化位点.结论 本研究从犬病料中成功克隆了犬瘟热病毒血凝素蛋白、融合蛋白和核衣壳蛋白,在F基因中新增了一个糖基化位点,为犬瘟热的遗传变异和流行学研究提供了分子生物学依据.     

犬瘟热病毒核衣壳蛋白基因片段的克隆和表达

目的　构建pMal N重组表达载体 ,转化E .coliDH5α ,诱导表达犬瘟热病毒 (CDV)重组核衣壳 (N)蛋白。方法　采用RT PCR技术 ,从CDVRNA中扩增编码N蛋白的基因片段 ,通过连接反应 ,构建重组克隆载体和重组表达载体 ,转化感受态。E .coliDH5α细胞。通过IPTG诱导表达CDV重组N蛋白。结果　扩增出约 1 7kbCDV全长的主要结构蛋白N蛋白基因 ,通过PCR获得 5 36bpN蛋白基因片段。将N蛋白基因片段克隆入原核表达载体pMal C2 ,表达产物麦芽糖结合蛋白 (MAP)与N蛋白的融合蛋白的相对分子质量约 6 0× 10 3,与预期大小一致。结论　构建的pMal N重组载体所表达的CDVN蛋白为进一步研究CDV的特异、敏感的抗体检测方法打下基础     

Vero及Vero-dst细胞对犬瘟热病毒敏感性比较

目的 为了更好地分离犬瘟热病毒(CDV)并确诊犬瘟热,本实验比较了Vero及Vero-dst细胞对此病毒的敏感性.方法 将CDV标准毒株Snyder Hill株及临床犬瘟热阳性犬组织匀浆分别接种Vero及Vero-dst两种细胞,通过观察细胞病变、检测病毒滴度(TCID50),并通过RT-PCR法进行比较,分析两种细胞对CDV的敏感性.结果 接种病毒后Vero细胞盲传5代始终未见细胞病变,而Vero-dst细胞12 h出现了明显的合胞样细胞病变,且RT-PCR扩增出了CDV基因特异性片段.结论 Vero-dst细胞对CDV表现了良好的敏感性,是体外分离培养CDV的一个有效细胞系.而所本实验中使用的Vero细胞并不适于CDV的分离与培养.另外,本实验利用Vero-dst细胞从临床犬瘟热阳性病例中成功分离到了野毒株,并确定其毒力较标准毒株毒力强,可用于进一步的研究.     

犬瘟热病毒（CDV）ELISA检测方法的建立与应用

目的 建立犬CDV抗体ELISA检测方法.方法培养vero细胞,接种CDV病毒,制备vero正常抗原和CDV特异抗原,滴定酶结合物和抗原最佳工作浓度,并进行精密性、敏感性、稳定性、特异性实验.结果正常、特异抗原和酶结合物最佳工作浓度分别为1∶32 000、10 μg/mL和1∶8 000;正常、特异抗原批内变异系数分别为9.1%和5.8%,批间平均变异系数分别为8.8%和6.6%;检测灵敏度为1∶2 560;与犬细小病毒(CPV)、犬肝炎病毒(ICHV)均无交叉反应.稳定性试验相对偏差小于25%.结论建立的ELISA方法重复性、稳定性好,特异性、敏感性强.可用于犬CDV抗体的检测.     

犬瘟热病毒的分离鉴定和抗体的检查

从死亡率较高的病犬群中，处死一只发病早期的幼犬，从白细胞中分离出一株病毒，用已知的犬瘟热病毒(CDV)阳性血清作IEA和IFA检查均为阳性结果。3种抗原片用IEA检查了7只病犬的血浆，结果鉴定为CDV。其中5只阳性，均为流行后期的标本，2只阴性，1只为发病早期标本，1只为后期标本。由此表明此改疾病流行的病原为CDV病毒。     

犬瘟热病毒当前研究进展

犬瘟热（Canine Distemper）是由犬瘟热病毒（Canine Distemper Virus，CDV）引起的多种动物共患的传染病。在自然条件下，CDV能够感染犬科、鼬科、浣熊科、大熊猫科、猫科等多种动物，对我国养犬业、经济动物养殖业、动物园观赏业、野生动物保护业以及实验动物等危害极大。近几年来，在患Paget’s疾病的病人组织中检出了CDV核酸，因此，其潜在的公共卫生学意义也已受到广大国内外学者的关注，开展的研究涉及病毒的病理学、免疫学、分子流行病学、检测等方面。     

两株人H7N9禽流感病毒的全基因组测序及分子特征分析

【目的】对两株从轻症病例和重症死亡病例中分离的人H7N9禽流感病毒进行全基因组测序,研究其来源、基因组特征以及相互间的分子差异,旨在了解毒株的遗传进化特征与其致病性及其所致疾病临床类型的关系,为进一步阐明H7N9禽流感病毒的致病机制提供科学依据。【方法】选取两株从轻症病例和重症死亡病例中分离的H7N9禽流感病毒进行全基因组序列测定;运用生物信息学软件比较分析两株病毒的遗传进化关系、基因组特征、受体结合位点、宿主特异性位点及致病相关位点等重要分子特征;从禽流感共享数据(GISAID)下载2013年至2014年10月轻症和重症病例的病毒分离株序列,分析致病相关关键位点差异,并分析这些变异与其致病性及所致疾病临床类型的关系。【结果】这两株H7N9禽流感病毒的HA、NA和M基因来源于2013年华东地区流行的H7N9禽流感病毒,NP、NS、PA、PB1和PB2基因来源于2013年在广东地区禽类中流行的H9N2禽流感病毒;H7N9禽流感病毒PA蛋白L336M和PB1蛋白I368V的突变率随流行时间的延长而逐渐上升,并存在地区差异;两株病毒各基因核苷酸同源性达到99.2%以上,氨基酸同源性在99.5%以上,但各基因节段存在个别氨基酸的差异,其中HA受体结合位点存在一个关键氨基酸的差异(226L和226 Q),宿主特异性位点存在两个关键氨基酸的差异(PB2-591L和PB2-591Q,PB2-627E和PB2-627K),毒力位点存在两个关键氨基酸差异(PA-353R和PA-353K,PB2-627E和PB2-627K);M2均发生了S31N突变;潜在糖基化位点均相对保守;2013年至2014年10月报道的重症病例病毒分离株PB2蛋白E627K突变率高于轻症病例分离株。【结论】两株来自不同临床类型的H7N9禽流感病毒是一种新的重组病毒,是由华东地区流行的人H7N9禽流感病毒和在广东地区禽类中流行的H9N2禽流感病毒基因重组而来;H7N9禽流感病毒的某些致病相关的关键氨基酸位点在流行的过程中不断发生变异,必须密切监测毒株的变异动向;两株致病力不同的病毒各基因节段虽然同源性较高,但存在关键氨基酸位点的差异,其中PB2蛋白627位氨基酸位点的差异可能对病毒的致病性起重要作用,与所致疾病临床类型相关。     

水貂阿留申病毒、肠炎病毒与犬瘟热病毒多重PCR检测方法的建立与应用

目的水貂阿留申病、病毒性肠炎与犬瘟热并称影响水貂健康的三大疫病,拟建立一种可同时检测三种病毒的多重PCR检测方法。方法针对三种病毒基因保守区分别设计了3对特异性引物,对貂阿留申病毒(ADV)和水貂肠炎病毒(MEV)的DNA模板和犬瘟热病毒(CDV)的RNA模板进行了多重PCR扩增和扩增条件优化。结果 PCR可同时扩增出601 bp(ADV)、205 bp(MEV)和451 bp(CDV)的特异性目的条带,敏感性试验表明最低核酸检出量为ADV每微升2.67×10~4拷贝、MEV每微升3.02×10~4拷贝和CDV每微升1.72×10~5拷贝。临床样品检测结果表明多重PCR和单一PCR检测结果一致。结论建立的多重PCR检测方法可快速地检测ADV、MEV和CDV单一或混合感染的临床样品。     

犬瘟热脑心肌炎:病毒株的变导

在犬瘟热脑心肌炎(CDE)中,可能与其他各类脑炎同样,其病毒株在宿主-病原相关性方面起着重大作用。据鉴定,在犬瘟热病毒(CDV)中,有强毒株——Snyder Hill R252,A75-170,也有弱毒株——Rockborn,Onderstepoort。文中论述了在犬体内对3株强毒CDV进行的比较研究。(B.A.Summers等)     

中国南方地区3株H5N1亚型人禽流感病毒血凝素基因特性

目的研究中国南方地区H5N1亚型人禽流感病毒血凝素基因分子特征。方法从Genebank中下载中国南方地区3株H5N1亚型人禽流感病毒和其他国家或地区的16株代表性H5N1亚型人禽流感病毒血凝素基因序列，利用生物信息学软件DNASTAR5．0进行核酸同源性分析，用MEGA3．1进行核酸和氨基酸序列比对和进化树分析。结果中国南方3株H5N1亚型人禽流感病毒HA蛋白的重链区和轻链区连接肽的序列为LRERRR—KR，与动物分离的高致病性H5N1亚型禽流感病毒和东南亚地区人禽流感病毒的连接肽相比，减少1个碱性氨基酸；共有8个潜在的糖基化位点，抗原决定簇位点有其独特的特征。基因进化树表明中国南方3株H5N1亚型人禽流感病毒HA基因位于单一的进化簇，与动物来源的高致病性禽流感病毒HA基因同源性高。结论中国南方3株H5N1亚型人禽流感病毒HA基因分子特征一致，有其显著的独有特点。提示候鸟或其他扩散因素在高致病性H5N1亚型流感病毒HA基因的重配方面扮演了重要的作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.