眼科首诊的系统性结节病一例

患者男性，22岁。因无诱因的双眼视物不清伴眼前黑点飘动半年，加重2个月，近2-3d双眼红肿，胀痛，以右眼为著，于2004年5月7日来我院眼科就诊。患者自发病以来，无头晕，胸痛及腹痛等其他全身症状。眼科检查：右眼裸眼视力0.05，左眼0.06，均无法矫正；右眼眼压15mmHg（1mmHg=0.133kPa），左眼6mmHg。     

以双眼盲为首诊的儿童颅咽管瘤一例

患儿,男,1岁,主因发现双眼视力差1月而就诊。1月前患儿家长发现其无明显诱因出现双眼视力差,表现为不能主动获取玩具及食物,双眼不能追随物体运动,无眼红、眼痛,无眼分泌物及流泪现象,无发热腹泻。发病以来一般情况可,饮食睡眠正常,大小便正常。     

首诊于眼科的Creutzfeld-Jakob病一例

患者男，36岁。因双眼复视，视物变形20d。于2003年8月14日就诊于解放军总医院眼科。患者既往健康。眼科检查：双眼视力1．5，双眼球各方向运动自如，双眼前段及眼底未见异常。当时给甲钴胺片口服。5d后，患者双眼视力下降，同时伴有言语迟缓、反应迟钝、记忆力下降等症状。全身检查：患者言语迟缓、反应迟钝，查体尚可合作。眼科检查：矫正视力右眼1．0，     

首诊于眼科的系统性红斑狼疮一例

患者女，14岁，双眼视力下降20d余，于2006年1月15日来我院眼科就诊，全身检查未见异常。眼部检查：双眼裸眼视力0.1，矫正未提高。双眼前节未见异常，散瞳后查眼底；双眼视乳头颞侧较鼻侧色稍淡，边界清楚，杯／盘比值0.3-0.4，静脉轻度扩张、迂曲，动、静脉比例约2：3，     

首诊于眼科的颅咽管瘤致双眼视神经萎缩一例

患儿男,12岁.因无意中发现右眼看不见5d,于2012年6月6日来我院眼科就诊.患儿父母体健,非近亲结婚,无家族遗传病史.母孕期体健,患儿为第一胎足月顺产.无其他疾病及手术外伤史.追问病史发现,患儿有轻微头痛不适6个多月,无恶心、呕吐.全身检查患儿较同龄正常儿童矮小、偏瘦.眼部检查,视力:右眼光感,左眼0.5,均不能矫正.眼压:右眼12.9 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),左眼11.2 mm Hg.视野检查,右眼不能测出;左眼视野缩小,可见中心暗点.双眼眼球运动正常,眼前节检查未见异常.双眼屈光间质透明,瞳孔等大等圆,直径约3 mm,直接及间接对光反射存在.     

梅毒合并艾滋病首诊眼科一例

古力××·米沙力女18岁喀什疏勒县牙甫泉人,因双眼视力下降4mon,加重看不清3mon余为主诉。于2003年11月10日收入院。体温36.4℃,脉搏80次/分,呼吸20次/分。血压120/80mmHg。神志清,精神可,心肺检查未见异常。血常规、尿、肝功、血糖、结核抗体、胸片及心电图检查均正常。双眼视力均为光感,双眼球结膜睫状充血,角膜后下方弥漫性尘状kp,前房深浅适中,闪辉 ,可见纤维样渗出物,虹膜纹理不清,表面不平,可见结节状隆起,瞳孔缩小为1mm,对光反应阴性,瞳孔区可见灰白色渗出物,晶体及眼底窥不清。眼压:右12mmHg。左10mmHg。眼部B超检查:玻璃体内…     

首诊眼科的前颅窝底脑膜瘤一例

患者,女,60岁,因双眼视物模糊进行性加重3个月于2013年10月10日至沧州市中心医院眼科就诊。患者于3个月前无明显诱因出现双眼视物模糊,追问病史发现近半年嗅觉不佳,阵发性头痛伴恶心、呕吐。血压130／80mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）。眼部检查：视力右眼0．3,左眼0．8。眼压：右眼17mmHg,左眼19mmHg。     

首诊眼科梅毒性脉络膜视网膜炎一例

患者女性,36岁。因右眼视物不清7天于2014年9月6日来长春爱尔眼科医院就诊,患者否认传染病病史、否认风湿及类风湿关节炎病史、否认手术史及输血史,否认冶游史：其配偶否认传染病病史及冶游史：全身体格检查未见异常：眼部检查：视力：右眼：0．1,左眼：0．6,矫正均不提高,眼压：右眼为17mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）,左眼为17mmHg。     

颅咽管瘤切除术后双侧动眼神经麻痹一例

患者,女,于1979年7月行颅内鞍旁肿瘤切除术.病理检查证实为颅咽管瘤.1985年下半年出现右上睑轻度下垂、双眼视野缩小等症状,经CT检查拟诊颅咽管瘤复发.于1986年1月行开颅探查术.术中见鞍区无占位,双侧视神经粘连,遂行视神经松解术.1990年5月始左眼出现上睑下垂,眼球外斜.1992年10月始右眼上睑下垂加重,并出现外斜视.1996年MRI检查未见颅内肿瘤复发.     

颅咽管瘤患者的视功能损害研究

目的探讨颅咽管肿瘤患者视功能检查的重要意义及眼科医生对于颅咽管瘤患者的早期诊断的重要性。方法回顾性分析2010．7—2013．6在我院南区神经外科手术证实的73名颅咽管瘤患者的临床资料包括术前的视力、视野检查结果。结果73名颅咽管瘤患者男女比例一致,41—60岁患者所占比例最高。52％患者首发症状为视功能障碍,视力下降的患者中有71％双眼视力均低于0.3。偏盲性视野占68．6％。结论重视颅咽管瘤患者的视功能损害情况,有助于眼科医生早期诊断颅咽管瘤,有助于神经外科医生的术前、术后评估,达到控制肿瘤、降低复发率的目的。     

首诊于眼科的颈动脉海绵窦瘘的临床分析和鉴别诊断

目的:分析首诊于眼科的颈动脉海绵窦瘘(carotid cavernous fistula,CCF)的临床特征和鉴别诊断,提高眼科医师对该病的诊断和治疗水平。方法:病例回顾性研究。回顾11例首诊于眼科的CCF的临床表现、诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗。结果:其中9例有不同程度的外伤史,眼部临床表现以搏动性突眼为特征,易误诊为眼眶炎性假瘤、眶内动脉瘤以及甲状腺相关性眼病等。经DSA确诊后血管内球囊栓塞治疗可获得较好疗效。结论:眼科医师应该加强对该病的认识,认真询问病史,结合特征性的临床表现以及脑血管造影检查可提高该病的诊断率。血管内栓塞治疗是CCF的首选,效果肯定。     

A case of 9-year old child with craniopharyngioma

Craniopharyngiomas are slow-growing tumours arising from vestigal remnants of Rathke's pouch along the pituitary stalk. A case of 9-year old child with craniopharyngioma is presented. Immediate diagnostic and surgical treatment improved clinical condition.     

The first Danish chairs of ophthalmology

In the last century German medical sciences made up the chief inspiration to the medical profession in Europe. The influence of German ophthalmology spread to Denmark, and accordingly the first Danish professor, Edmund Hansen Grut was trained in the Graefe clinic. His successor, Jannik Bjerrum grew up in southern Jutland, a district later on lost to the German Empire. The hitherto prevailing Danish sympathies with the neighbour in the south vanished after this. Bjerrum thus wrote all his papers in Danish and made no efforts to achieve an international reputation. In contrast, Marius Tscherning, received widespread recognition as a scientist. He spent many years in France. His scientific insights at last brought him to the Danish chair of ophthalmology. The history of the first three professors of ophthalmology, so different in their attitudes, has narrative value, but exemplifies as well the rapid development of the profession in the years 1886–1925.     

Who remembers the first professor of ophthalmology?

The cradle of modern ophthalmology was the Joseph's Academy which still stands in Vienna's ninth district. History records some famous names from the academic lineage which flourished there in the nineteenth century, but few people have heard of Joseph Barth, who became the first professor of ophthalmology in 1773. A biography of Joseph Barth is presented.     

首诊眼科的颅脑疾患诊断分析

目的总结不同眼部症状首诊眼科的颅脑疾患。方法回顾性研究8a间不同眼部症状首诊眼科的32例颅脑疾患的临床资料。结果颅内不同部位肿瘤17例,脑梗塞3例,良性颅高压症3例,脑出血2例,空泡蝶鞍症2例,视交叉双侧颈内动脉梭形动脉瘤1例,桥脑缺血性改变1例,视神经脊髓炎1例,多发性硬化症1例,癔病性黑朦1例。结论首诊于眼科的患者具有与神经系统相关的症状和体征时,应考虑有颅脑疾患的可能。     

AIDS and ophthalmology: the first quarter century

PURPOSE: To describe changes in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic that are important to ophthalmologists, to provide an overview of issues relevant to current evaluation and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related eye disease, and to identify problems related to the eye and vision that require continued study. DESIGN: Literature review and commentary. METHODS: Selected articles from the medical literature and the author's clinical and research experiences over 25 years were reviewed critically. RESULTS: The AIDS epidemic has had a profound impact on ophthalmology since the ophthalmic manifestations of AIDS were first described in 1982. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has markedly reduced the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, but has not eliminated new cases altogether. Treatment strategies for CMV retinitis have evolved over the past decade. Current issues of importance include choice of initial anti-CMV drugs; time at which anti-CMV drug treatment is discontinued in patients who achieve immune recovery; strategies for monitoring patients at risk for disease reactivation; and management of complications (retinal detachment, immune recovery uveitis). Attention also is being directed to the problem of visual disturbances (reduced contrast sensitivity, altered color vision, visual field abnormalities) that can occur in HIV-infected individuals without infectious retinopathies. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular disorders associated with HIV disease remain important problems in the United States, despite HAART, and increasingly are important worldwide. The approach to management of CMV retinitis has evolved from short-term treatment of a preterminal infection to the long-term management of what has become a chronic disease. Many challenges remain to be addressed.