肌电图检测对坐骨神经损伤的诊断价值

坐骨神经损伤可导致腓总神经、胫神经损伤或二者混合性损伤。临床表现为病损部位以远受累神经支配区域出现相应的肌无力或力弱、肌肉萎缩、皮肤麻木和感觉减退等。本文对我院2004年6月至2009年4月坐骨神经损伤患者作过神经肌电图检测的49例进行回顾性分析,以探讨神经肌电图对坐骨神经损伤的诊断价值,现将结果报告如下。     

坐骨神经近侧端损害的神经电生理诊断意义

目的:探讨坐骨神经近侧端损害的神经电生理诊断意义.方法:对68例坐骨神经损害患者进行坐骨神经近侧端和远侧端的运动神经传导速度(MCV)检测比较,同时检测54例患肢H-反射以及坐骨神经支配肌肉的肌电图(EMG).结果:坐骨神经近侧端损害54例(79%),坐骨神经远侧端损害16例(23.5%),两者比较差异有显著意义(P相似文献   

臀部肌注致坐骨神经损伤的神经电生理分析

目的：研究臀部肌注致坐骨神经损伤后患肢的运动传导速度和肌电图的改变。方法：回顾性分析65名臀部肌注致坐骨神经损伤患者的患侧腓总神经和胫神经的运动传导速度及胫前肌和腓肠肌的针极肌电图检查。结果：65例中，患侧胫神经异常者15例（23．1％），患侧腓总神经异常者40例（61．5％）。肌注后5天内运动传导速度异常率低于5天后的异常率。患侧胫前肌异常者9例（13．8％），患侧腓肠肌异常者7例（10．8％）。结论：运动神经传导速度和肌电图检查是臀部肌注致坐骨神经损伤的不可缺少的神经电生理指标。     

注射致坐骨神经损伤患儿肌电图分析

臀部注射为临床广泛应用的肌肉注射方法,但由于注射点不准确有可能损伤坐骨神经(尤其是幼儿),从而出现注射侧下肢运动感觉功能障碍.神经肌电图(EMG)检测可以明确诊断和判断有无损伤及其程度,为临床治疗提供依据.现将我院2002年1月至2007年7月间确诊的32例臀部注射后致坐骨神经损伤患儿的临床及EMG结果分析如下.     

32例平山病的神经电生理诊断分析

目的：探讨平山病的神经电生理特点,提高临床对该病的诊断水平。方法：收集2008年1月至2013年4月临床和肌电图诊断32例平山病患者的临床及神经电生理资料,对其特征进行分析。结果：①患者30例男性,2例女性,起病年龄16岁,单侧起病28例,其中4例双侧不对称性受累。15例伴有冷麻痹。所有患者均有手指伸展时震颤和前臂斜坡样萎缩。②感觉神经传导均正常,均未见运动神经传导阻滞,运动神经传导异常主要为尺神经、正中神经混合肌肉动作电位（CMAP）波幅减低。③交感皮肤反应异常率45%,主要为双上肢波潜伏时延长。④针电极肌电图异常率以上肢远端肌最高。结论：平山病有其特定的发病年龄及特殊的临床症状和体征,感觉神经功能正常,正中、尺神经传导异常,且检查有助于除外正中、尺神经及臂丛神经损害,针电极肌电图对确诊本病非常重要。     

神经-肌电图电生理检查对诊断腕管综合征的临床意义

目的:探讨神经-肌电图电生理检查对诊断腕管综合征的临床意义.方法:选取2019年5月至2021年5月在本院接受治疗的98例CTS患者作为研究对象的观察组,另选取同期体检的70例健康志愿者作为对照组,检查对比两组人员的神经-肌电图电生理检查指标,并分析了患者的肌电图(Electromyography,EMG)异常率.结果:观察组感觉神经传导速度(Sensory nerve conduction velocity,SCV)快于对照组、感觉电位波幅低于对照组、电位潜伏期长于对照组(P<0.05);观察组运动电位波幅低于对照组、运动末端潜伏期长于对照组(P<0.05),但运动神经传导速度(Motor nerve conduction velocity,MCV)与对照组无明显差异(P>0.05);患者小鱼际肌和大鱼际肌的EMG异常率分别为13.75％ 和56.25％.结论:神经-肌电图电生理检查对确定正中神经受损程度有重要作用,对腕管综合征有诊断价值,值得在临床大力推广和使用     

骨间后神经卡压的电生理诊断探讨

目的:寻找骨间后神经受压的电生理诊断指标。方法:通过电生理检查,共确诊骨间后神经受压患者20例,观察其支配肌电生理指标。结果:20例骨间后神经卡压病人100%均见自发电位,50%有前臂运动传导速度(MNCV)减慢,70%有潜伏期延长,80%有AMP降低。结论:电生理检查能够为骨间后神经卡压诊断和鉴别诊断提供可靠依据。     

腕管综合征患者的临床与神经电生理研究

目的：观察神经电生理检测对腕管综合征(CTS)的诊断价值。方法：对腕管综合征的临床特征及病因进行了分析，并作神经传导速度(NCV)和肌电图检测和分析。结果：40条患病神经中8条正中神经诱发波形消失，32条正中神经感觉潜伏期延长、波幅降低或(和)感觉神经传导速度减慢。25例患者伴有30条正中神经运动末梢潜伏期延长或(和)动作电位波幅降低。22块正中神经支配肌有去神经电位。结论：神经电生理检查在腕管综合征的诊断与鉴别诊断中有重要意义。     

电生理检查在正中神经返支卡压征诊断的应用

目的:探讨正中神经返支卡压征的临床与电生理特点。方法:总结20例手术及电生理检查证实正中神经返支压征患者的临床与电生理资料,其中男51例,女5例,平均年龄37岁。结果:20例患者正中神经末梢运动潜伏时延长,腕-掌部运动传导速度(MNCV)减慢<50m/s,16例复合肌肉动作电位波幅降低,16例拇短展肌见自发电位、20例感觉神经功能均正常。结论:神经电生理检测是诊断和鉴别诊断正中神经返支卡压征的可靠手段,能为临床提供客观、准确的诊断指标。     

神经电生理检测对肘管综合征诊断的价值

目的:研究探讨神经电生理检测对肘管综合征(CuTS)早期尺神经损伤患者的定位、定性诊断价值。方法:对40例Cu TS患者的双侧正中神经、尺神经常规MCV、SCV检测,如尺神经发现异常随即加做尺神经节段检查和尺神经肘部节段检查。所得结果进行统计学分析。结果:1.40例CuTS患者患侧手与健侧手对照比较发现均存在尺神经损伤,为进一步对尺神经损伤定位,加做尺神经MCV节段及尺神经MCV肘部节段寸进法检测,发现肘段潜伏期差延长,尤以肘下3cm至肘上2cm节段潜伏期差延长较多见,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2.20例CuTS患者肌电图呈神经源性损伤。3.进行Logistic回归分析显示病程是影响CuTS患者肌电图异常的独立危险因素。结论:1.采用跨肘上、肘下分段刺激尺神经可获得更高的尺神经损伤阳性率,能早期发现尺神经沟局部的异常传导,使CuTS患者得到早期诊断和治疗。2.神经电生理检查对肘管综合征患者的定性、定位诊断具有重要价值。     

Interleukin-1 beta promotes sensory nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury

Nerve injury brings about axonal disconnection, and thus axonal extension is one of the important steps for nerve regeneration. Expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) is increased at the early stage of nervous system injury, and previously IL-1beta has been reported to promote neurite outgrowth by inhibiting RhoA activity in vitro. However, the effect of IL-1beta on axonal extension in vivo has not been obvious. Now we examine whether IL-1beta takes advantages on sciatic nerve regeneration. Sciatic nerves of rats are transected and sutured, and IL-1beta or PBS is locally administered for 2 weeks. Although IL-1beta does not influence on motor functional recovery, it promotes sensory functional recovery, estimated by toe pinch test, and increases the number and the area of neurofilament-positive axons at 12 weeks compared with PBS. Moreover IL-1beta, which promotes Schwann cell proliferation and thus may inhibit myelination, does not impair remyelination, estimated by myelin basic protein. These findings suggest that IL-1beta may contribute to sensory nerve regeneration following sciatic nerve injury by promoting axonal extension.     

重组人睫状神经营养因子对大鼠坐骨神经再生长的影响

目的: 观察重组人睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)对大鼠坐骨神经再生长的影响,并与神经生长因子(NGF)的作用进行比较。方法: 随机将动物分成正常对照组、模型组、CNTF给药小剂量组(48 μg/kg)、中剂量组(216 μg/kg)、大剂量组(1 080 μg/kg)、NGF 给药组(20 μg/kg),每组各10只。模型组采用大鼠坐骨神经切断再缝合法造成坐骨神经损伤模型,给药组采用不同药物剂量对神经损伤部位肌肉注射给药45 d后,测定神经动作电位潜伏期和传导速度。结果: 与模型组相比较,CNTF各给药组神经动作电位潜伏期显著缩短(P<0.01),传导速度显著增快(P<0.01);同时,216 μg/kg、1 080 μg/kg CNTF组和NGF组对神经动作电位潜伏期的影响无显著差别(P>0.05),但是216 μg/kg、1 080 μg/kg CNTF组的神经动作电位传导速度比NGF组显著增快(P<0.01)。结论: CNTF对大鼠坐骨神经再生具有一定的促进作用,而且其作用可能优于NGF。     

成年小猎兔犬坐骨神经正常MCV的测定

目的:测定30只成年英国种小猎兔犬(beagle,简称小猎犬)的正常运动神经传导速度(MCV),并与成人下肢神经正常MCV进行比较,为相关的临床和基础研究提供实验参数。方法:电刺激小猎犬的坐骨神经远、近侧端,在腓肠肌肌腹部记录复合肌动作电位,并计算出MCV。结果:本实验检测发现成年小猎犬坐骨神经的正常MCV为90.79±10.97m/s。结论:成年小猎犬后肢的MCV要明显快于正常成人下肢的MCV(51.97±4.0m/s)。     

吉兰-巴雷综合征患者的神经肌电图研究

目的 :探讨吉兰 巴雷综合征 (GBS)中急性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经根神经病 (AIDP)和慢性炎性脱髓鞘性神经根神经病 (CIDP)的电生理改变特点。方法 :对 38例GBS患者进行肌电图(EMG)、神经电图及F波检测。测定运动神经传导速度 (MCV)、感觉神经传导速度 (SCV)及末端潜伏期(Lat)和波幅 (Amp) ;测定F波最短潜伏期、出现率。对比CIDP组与AIDP组患者的电生理改变特点。结果 :CIDP与AIDP中EMG去神经电位出现率分别为 81%和 5 0 % ,运动单位电位 (MUP)多相波分别为 6 9%和 37% ,大力收缩时募集相呈单纯或单混相分别为 73%和 31% ;MCV减慢分别为 6 9%和 5 4% ,Lat延长分别 5 7%和 32 % ,Amp下降或引不出分别为 5 5 %和 40 % ;SCV减慢分别为 5 7%和 19% ,Lat延长为 42 %和 19% ,Amp下降或引不出为 43%和 10 % ,上述参数在两组间比较均具有显著统计学意义。结论 :CIDP与AIDP两组EMG均表现有广泛性周围性神经源性损害的电生理特征。CIDP组EMG、MCV、SCV等参数异常改变均较AIDP显著 ,且表现为运动与感觉同时受累。AIDP患者F波异常发生率明显高于MCV异常发生率 ,F波与MCV同时检测在吉兰 巴雷综合征诊断中有着重要的互补作用。     

Altered expression of nectin-like adhesion molecules in the peripheral nerve after sciatic nerve transection

Following axotomy several processes involving cell-cell interaction occur, such as loss of synapses, axon guidance, and remyelination. Two recently discovered families of cell-cell adhesion molecules, nectins and nectin-like molecules (necls) are involved in such processes in vitro and during development, but their roles in nerve injury have been largely unknown until recently. We have previously shown that axotomized motoneurons increase their expression of nectin-1 and nectin-3 and maintain a high expression of necl-1. We here investigate the expression of potential binding partners for motoneuron nectins and necls in the injured peripheral nerve. In situ hybridization (ISH) revealed a decreased signal for necl-1 mRNA in the injured nerve, whereas no signal for necl-2 was detected before or after injury. The signals for necl-4 and necl-5 mRNA both increased in the injured nerve and necl immunoreactivity displayed a close relation to axon and Schwann cell markers. Finally, signal for mRNA encoding necl-5 increased in axotomized spinal motoneurons. We conclude that peripheral axotomy results in altered expression of several necls in motoneurons and Schwann cells, suggesting involvement of the molecules in regeneration.     

急性面神经炎患者面神经传导速度研究

目的 :探讨急性面神经炎 (Bell麻痹 )患者的面神经传导速度与病程及预后的关系。方法 :对 6 8例不同病程的Bell麻痹患者行健、患侧面神经传导速度检查 ,并和 10例正常对照组进行比较。结果 :面神经传导速度 :病程 <7天的患者的患侧与健侧及对照组比较无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;病程 >7天患侧与健侧及对照组比较有极显著性差异 (P <0 0 0 1) ;病程 1个月内完全恢复者患侧与健侧及对照组比较无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;病程 2个月、6个月内完全恢复和未完全恢复者患侧与健侧及对照组比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;不同转归组两两比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。面神经传导速度减慢程度越重 ,面神经功能临床恢复所需要的时间越长。结论 :Bell麻痹患者患病一周后的面神经传导速度可作为评价面神经功能及预后的一项可靠指标。     

Relationship between stimulus amplitude,stimulus frequency and neural damage during electrical stimulation of sciatic nerve of cat

The relation is investigated between stimulus frequency, stimulus pulse amplitude and the neural damage induced by continuous stimulation of the cat's sciatic nerve. The chronically implanted electrodes were pulsed continuously and the effects of the electrical stimulation were quantified as the amount of early axonal degeneration (EAD) present in the nerves seven days after the continuous stimulation. The primary effect of stimulating at 100 Hz rather than 50 Hz was to cause an increase in the slope of the plot of the amount of EAD versus stimulus lower. There was a small amount of EAD in three of the nerves stimulated at 20 Hz, but there was no detectable correlation between the amount of EAD and the stimulus amplitude. This suggests that continuous electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves at a low frequency induce little or no neural damage, even if the stimulus amplitude is very high. A preliminary presentation of the results has been made elsewhere (Agnew et al., 1993)     

吡非尼酮对大鼠坐骨神经损伤后瘢痕形成及功能恢复的实验研究

目的探讨大鼠坐骨神经损伤后细胞因子抑制剂吡非尼酮对神经吻合口处瘢痕形成及神经功能恢复的影响。方法选用健康雄性SD大鼠60只,制作右侧坐骨神经损伤模型,术后随机分为3组,分别为对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组,每组20只,分别给予0 mg/kg、25 mg/kg、100 mg/kg吡非尼酮混悬液灌胃。术后于第4、12周分别行坐骨神经功能指数、神经电生理测定,然后取材进行Ⅰ型胶原蛋白免疫组织化学染色,最终对实验结果进行图像分析和统计学处理。结果坐骨神经功能指数:术后第4周,三组之间两两比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后第12周,低剂量组优于对照组(P0.01),高剂量组优于低剂量组(P0.01);神经电生理:术后第4周,三组之间神经传导速度、潜伏期、波幅两两比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后第12周,与对照组相比,低剂量组和高剂量组神经传导速度显著增快(P0.05),潜伏期缩短(P0.05),波幅升高(P0.05),且高剂量组优于低剂量组(P0.05);Ⅰ型胶原蛋白沉积量:术后第4周,与对照组相比,低剂量组和高剂量组神经吻合口处Ⅰ型胶原蛋白沉积量明显减少(P0.01),低剂量组与高剂量组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后第12周,与对照组相比,低剂量组和高剂量组神经吻合口处Ⅰ型胶原蛋白沉积量明显减少(P0.01),且高剂量组比低剂量组减少更明显(P0.05)。结论吡非尼酮能明显减少神经吻合口处Ⅰ型胶原蛋白沉积,有效抑制瘢痕形成,促进神经功能恢复。     

Injection of the sciatic nerve with TMEV: a new model for peripheral nerve demyelination

Demyelination of the human peripheral nervous system (PNS) can be caused by diverse mechanisms including viral infection. Despite association of several viruses with the development of peripheral demyelination, animal models of the condition have been limited to disease that is either autoimmune or genetic in origin. We describe here a model of PNS demyelination based on direct injection of sciatic nerves of mice with the cardiovirus, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV). Sciatic nerves of FVB mice develop inflammatory cell infiltration following TMEV injection. Schwann cells and macrophages are infected with TMEV. Viral replication is observed initially in the sciatic nerves and subsequently the spinal cord. Sciatic nerves are demyelinated by day 5 post-inoculation (p.i.). Injecting sciatic nerves of scid mice resulted in increased levels of virus recovered from the sciatic nerve and spinal cord relative to FVB mice. Demyelination also occurred in scid mice and by 12 days p.i., hindlimbs were paralyzed. This new model of virus-induced peripheral demyelination may be used to dissect processes involved in protection of the PNS from viral insult and to study the early phases of lesion development.     

Bilateral phasic increases in dorsal root ganglia nerve growth factor synthesis after unilateral sciatic nerve crush

The amount of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the L5, L6, and cervical dorsal root ganglia of rats was examined from 1 to 30 days after a unilateral crush lesion of the sciatic nerve and adjacent branches of the lumbar plexus at the level of the sciatic notch. Unilateral nerve crush produced increases in NGF content of lumbar ganglia at 1, 4, and 7–8 days after injury, with increased NGF mRNA at 4 and 7–8 days. Increases in NGF at 1 and 4 days were most pronounced on the unlesioned side while increases at days 7 and 8 were most pronounced on the lesioned side. NGF content increased in cervical ganglia of nerve-lesioned animals at 3 and 7 days after injury and in lumbar and cervical ganglia of sham-operated animals 3–5 days after surgery, with no comparable changes in NGF mRNA. Elevations of ganglionic NGF coincide temporally with some of the alterations in metabolism and morphology which occur in dorsal root ganglion neurons after sciatic nerve crush. However, the bilateral nature of increases in NGF demonstrates that the factor(s) producing the response is not restricted to ganglia axotomized by the injury. The data suggest that ganglionic NGF may be regulated by systemic factors, produced during stress or trauma, as well as by factors from the denervated target tissue and/or regenerating axons.