胸腔镜术前CT引导下单纯针刺定位肺亚厘米磨玻璃影结节

目的探讨胸腔镜术前CT引导下单纯针刺定位法对肺亚厘米磨玻璃影结节定位的临床价值。方法2012年7月至2013年4月,19例患者共21枚肺小结节。术前在CT引导下行单纯穿刺定位后行胸腔镜下结节楔形切除术。结果19例患者的21枚磨玻璃影小结节在CT引导下单纯针刺定位成功率100％。定位时间（5．78±4．75）min。所有患者均成功定位后行VATS下肺楔形切除术,无中转开胸和严重并发症。术中快速诊断肺腺癌的3例患者行肺叶切除术＋淋巴结清扫术,其他患者均行肺楔形切除术。所有患者术中均未输血,术后无并发症,术后住院（6．01±3．44）天。结论胸腔镜术前CT引导下单纯针刺定位法定位肺部小结节,特别是亚厘米磨玻璃影小结节安全、有效,定位过程简单快捷,能有效缩短VATS手术时间。     

肺部周边小结节术前定位在胸腔镜外科的应用

目的:明确胸腔镜切除肺周边小结节术前Hook-wire标记的价值及意义。方法:我院于2000-2010年胸腔镜下或辅助小切口进行肺周边小结节切除共30例,其中在螺旋CT指引定位下穿刺留置Hook-wire16例,其定位的肺小结节直径<10mm,或距壁层胸膜>10mm。结果:16例术前CT引导下Hook-wire定位,成功率100%,并发症12.5%,转化为开胸者6.25%,中位住院时间5天。术后组织学结果:原发性肺腺癌9例,鳞癌2例,小细胞肺癌1例,转移瘤3例,炎性假瘤1例。结论:术前肺周边小结节Hook-wire定位对于VATS术中定位具有指导作用。     

肺部周边小结节术前定位在胸腔镜外科的应用

目的：明确胸腔镜切除肺周边小结节术前Hook-wire标记的价值及意义。方法：我院于2000-2010年胸腔镜下或辅助小切口进行肺周边小结节切除共30例,其中在螺旋CT指引定位下穿刺留置Hook-wire16例,其定位的肺小结节直径〈10mm,或距壁层胸膜〉10mm。结果：16例术前CT引导下Hook-wire定位,成功率100%,并发症12.5%,转化为开胸者6.25%,中位住院时间5天。术后组织学结果：原发性肺腺癌9例,鳞癌2例,小细胞肺癌1例,转移瘤3例,炎性假瘤1例。结论：术前肺周边小结节Hook-wire定位对于VATS术中定位具有指导作用。     

CT引导下带钩钢丝术前定位在胸腔镜下孤立性肺小结节切除术中的应用

目的 探讨CT引导下带钩钢丝术前定位在胸腔镜下孤立性肺小结节(SSPN)切除术中的临床应用价值.方法 对24例患者的26枚SSPN于术前行CT引导下带钩钢丝定位,然后施行电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)楔形切除术.SSPN直径为(10.05±3.08)mm,距壁层胸膜(10.09±2.62)Inlrl.结果 CT引导下带钩钢丝定位成功率为100%,定位时间为(20.18±7.16)min.6例(25.0%)患者定位后发生微量气胸,但无需闭式引流处理.VATS楔形切除术成功率为100%.其中8例患者术中冰冻病理诊断为原发性腺癌,均成功施行VATS肺叶切除加淋巴结清扫术.1例食管癌术前检查发现右肺上叶结节的患者,术中冰冻病理诊断为炎性肉芽肿,随后完成VATS食管癌根治术.VATS楔形切除术手术时间为(18.44±6.65)min,术中失血量为(50.35±9.51)ml,术后住院时间为(6.42±3.25)d.术中定位针脱落1例(4.2%),但仍于胸腔镜下观察到穿刺点脏层胸膜下血肿后,准确定位并成功切除.结论 CT引导下带钩钢丝术前定位准确率高,相关并发症轻微,是一种安全、有效的方法.定位后行VATS楔形切除术成功率高,值得临床推广应用.     

CT引导下Hook-w ire定位肺磨玻璃样微小结节微创切除的临床研究

背景与目的肺磨玻璃样微小结节（ground glass opacity, GGO）病灶的定位是微创手术切除的技术难点。各种定位方法均有报道,但每一种方法均有其不足。本研究拟通过评价术中CT引导下Hook-wire定位对GGO微创切除的价值,初步探索肺部<10 mm的GGO积极手术治疗的必要性和可行性。方法2009年10月-2013年10月共32例GGO患者,41个GGO,行胸腔镜微创切除术,麻醉插管后皆在手术体位下行计算机断层扫描（computed tomography, CT）CT引导Hook-wire定位。记录术中CT引导下Hook-wire定位技术的失败率、并发症、胸腔镜手术转为开胸手术的几率、住院时间等,计算病灶组织学分型中的恶性几率,讨论肺部<10 mm的GGO积极手术治疗的必要性。结果共32例患者（男性15例,女性17例）行41个GGO胸腔镜微创切除术,其中2个病灶、3个病灶和5个病灶同时微创切除患者数量分别是3例、1例、1例。病灶直径2 mm-10 mm（平均5 mm）,病灶距离胸膜垂直距离5 mm-24 mm（平均12.5 mm）。术中CT引导下Hook-wire定位成功率100%,严重并发症发生率0,转化为开胸手术比率为0,CT定位时间平均8.4 min（4 min-18 min）,微创切除病灶所需时间平均32 min（14 min-98 min）,中位住院时间为8 d（5 d-14 d）。GGOs术后组织学诊断结果为：原位腺癌（肺泡癌）19例,约46.3%,腺癌8例,约19.5%,大细胞癌1例,约2.4%,不典型腺瘤样增生9例,约22%,炎性病灶4例,约9.8%。结论肺部GGO是恶性病灶的几率很大,对典型GGO患者积极微创手术治疗是非常必要的;术中CT引导下Hook-wire定位技术极大提高GGO微创切除可行性、并发症发生率低,对于GGO的鉴别诊断及治疗具有很好的临床价值。     

留尾微弹簧圈定位技术在电视胸腔镜手术治疗肺磨玻璃结节中的应用

目的:探讨术前CT引导下留尾微弹簧圈定位技术在电视胸腔镜手术治疗肺磨玻璃结节中的安全性及实用性.方法:回顾性我院胸外科2017年6月至2020年6月经电视胸腔镜下行肺磨玻璃结节手术切除的患者115例,按定位方式不同分为带钩金属丝(Hook-wire)定位组(30例)及微弹簧圈定位组(85例),比较两组患者术前定位所用时...     

留尾微弹簧圈定位技术在电视胸腔镜手术治疗肺磨玻璃结节中的应用

目的 探讨术前CT引导下留尾微弹簧圈定位技术在电视胸腔镜手术治疗肺磨玻璃结节中的安全性及实用性。方法 回顾性我院胸外科2017年6月至2020年6月经电视胸腔镜下行肺磨玻璃结节手术切除的患者115例,按定位方式不同分为Hook-wire定位组（30例）及留尾微弹簧圈定位组（85例）,比较两组患者术前定位所用时间、常见并发症、定位后疼痛评分等。结果 所有患者均在胸腔镜下成功完成手术,微弹簧圈组的定位时间短于Hook-wire定位组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,留尾微弹簧圈定位组中常见并发症的发生率更低。结论 在电视胸腔镜切除肺磨玻璃结节手术中,留尾微弹簧圈定位技术不仅可以在术中快速定位结节,而且具有创伤小、疼痛轻、并发症发生率低、操作易于掌握等优点,值得在基层医院推广。     

CT定量参数预测肺磨玻璃结节病理类型的价值

背景与目的 肺磨玻璃结节（ground glass nodules, GGNs）的病理类型对临床治疗方案的选择具有十分重要的意义,本研究旨在探讨主观计算机断层扫描（computed tomography, CT）影像学征象及人工智能定量参数在预测GGNs病理类型中的价值。方法 回顾性分析389例病理明确诊断的GGNs,其中,前驱腺体病变[包括非典型瘤样增生（atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, AAH）、原位腺癌（adenocarcinoma in situ, AIS）]138例,微浸润腺癌（microinvasive adenocarcinoma, MIA）109例,浸润性腺癌（invasive adenocarcinoma, IAC）142例。对结节的影像形态学特征进行主观评价,并利用肺结节人工智能系统自动获得定量参数。结果 在主观CT影像学征象中,AAH+AIS、MIA和IAC组间结节最大径及毛刺征、分叶征、胸膜牵拉征出现的频率随病理级别增高而增加;在人工智能定量参数中,结节大小相关参数、CT值相关参数、实性占比、能量及熵随病理级别增高而增加。通过多...     

肺磨玻璃结节胸腔镜切除术前CT引导下医用胶定位与穿刺针定位的应用比较

目的探讨CT引导下医用胶定位及穿刺针定位在胸腔镜肺磨玻璃结节切除术前定位中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2019年6月至2022年11月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院行胸腔镜下肺磨玻璃结节切除术前进行定位的92例患者的临床资料。按照术前定位方法分为穿刺针组(52例)和医用胶组(40例)。对比两组定位成功率、定位用时、并发症发生率等。结果两组定位成功率均为100%, 穿刺针组导丝脱出1例(1.9%), 但未影响手术切除。穿刺针组和医用胶组定位用时分别为(18±6)min和(14±5)min, 差异有统计学意义(t=3.06, P=0.003)。医用胶组出血及气胸发生率均低于穿刺针组[12.5%(5/40)比38.5%(20/52), χ2=7.70, P=0.009;35.0%(14/40)比71.2%(37/52), χ2=11.96, P=0.001], 刺激性咳嗽发生率高于穿刺针组[50.0%(20/40)比11.5%(6/52), χ2=16.50, P<0.05]。结论 CT引导下医用胶定位和穿刺针定位在胸腔镜肺磨玻璃结节切除术前定位中均能达到满意效果, 有助于提高手术切除的准...     

CT引导带钩钢丝定位在肺小结节胸腔镜切除术中的应用

目的:探讨胸腔镜手术前使用CT引导带钩钢丝定位,确定肺部小结节位置,以利于手术中切除的疗效与安全性。方法:收集自 2012年2 月至 2014年3 月天津医科大学肿瘤医院住院34例患者,术前使用CT引导下带钩钢丝（hookwire）定位肺部小结节,定位完成后直接行胸腔镜下肺部病变切除,根据术中冰冻病理结果决定下一步术式。结果:肺部小结节直径 5～22mm。采用CT引导下hookwire 定位成功率100% ,中位定位时间23min。2 例患者在操作过程中穿刺针脱落,有3 例患者定位后CT扫描时发现气胸。结论:术前使用CT引导下带钩钢丝定位肺部微小病变的方法准确、安全性高,能够提高胸腔镜手术中肺部结节切除的准确率。      

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

再放疗并同步使用Docetaxel在鼻咽癌放疗后复发病人中的应用

目的:不能手术切除的鼻咽癌放疗后再复发的病人,其治疗困难,化疗疗效差,而单独再放疗只能挽救一小部分病人,本文探讨再放疗并同步使用多西紫彬醇(Docetaxel)在鼻咽癌首次放疗后复发病人中可行性及毒副反应,并评价其疗效。方法:对11例鼻咽癌足量放疗后经组织病理学证实复发、而无法行手术及腔内放疗的患者进行了同步放化疗。放疗采用三维适形放疗,外照射鼻咽部,分次量为1.8Gy,总剂量为36Gy-39.6Gy。化疗采用Docetaxel,15mg/m2,每周一次,静脉滴注。结果:10%、33%的患者分别出现Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度皮肤反应,18%、10%的病人分别出现Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度黏膜反应,18%患者出现Ⅲ度恶心呕吐,27%的患者出现Ⅲ度-Ⅳ度白细胞下降,10%患者出现Ⅲ度血小板下降。1例患者因严重的黏膜反应致使治疗延迟2周。治疗结束后,9例(82%)患者达到CR,2例(18%)达到PR,反应率为100%。结论:对于放疗后局部复发的鼻咽癌患者,采用同步放化疗,3D-CRT同时每周使用Docetaxel是可行的,其毒性反应在可以接受的范围内,短期疗效显著。     

Protothecosis successfully treated with amikacin combined with tetracyclines

Summary We report a case of protothecosis in an 18-year-old female student caused by Prototheca zopfii successfully treated with amikacin combined with tetracyclines. Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Protothecose, verursacht durch Prototheca zopfii, bei einer 18-j?hrigen Studentin berichtet, die erfolgreich mit Amikacin in Kombination mit Tetracyclinen behandelt wurde.