Thoracoscopic debridement and stabilization of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis

The role of surgical debridement and internal fixation in treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis has been evolving. The standard surgical approach to thoracolumbar vertebral osteomyelitis requiring extensive thoracotomy or retroperitoneal exposure carries significant associated morbidity and postoperative pain. Minimally invasive thoracoscopic spine surgery is designed to improve postoperative morbidity associated with the traditional open surgery. We report a case of a 70-year-old man who developed T11-T12 pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis 3 months after undergoing posterior laminectomy and microsurgical excision of a herniated thoracic disc. The patient underwent minimally invasive thoracoscopic radical debridement and anterior spinal reconstruction and fusion. Patients with vertebral osteomyelitis may benefit from the decreased postoperative morbidity that is associated with minimally invasive thoracoscopic spinal surgery.     

两种术式治疗胸腰椎结核的疗效观察

目的　比较病灶清除术与前路病灶清除椎间植骨内固定术治疗胸腰椎结核的临床疗效。方法　全组 6 8例 ,平均年龄 37岁。病灶清除术组 33例 ,病灶清除植骨内固定术组 35例 ;其中胸椎结核 2 1例 ,胸腰段结核 18例 ,腰椎结核 2 9例。病灶清除术采用经胸、胸膜外或腹膜外入路 ,清除病灶后 ,骨缺损大于 5 mm者取髂骨植骨 ;小于 5 mm者不植骨。病灶清除植骨内固定术采用经胸或腹膜外入路 ,彻底清除病灶 ,髂骨或填塞自体肋骨粒的钛网椎间植骨融合 ,一期前路内固定。术后抗结核治疗 12～ 18个月。结果　平均随访 2 7个月。病灶清除术组中 5例术后结核局部复发 ,再次手术治疗。病灶清除植骨内固定术组无结核局部复发 ,脊柱后凸畸形改善 ,矫正角度 15°;无内固定器械断裂。结论　前路病灶清除植骨内固定术 ,可重建脊柱的稳定性 ,利于结核病灶的稳定与修复 ,减少结核复发 ,矫正后凸畸形 ,较病灶清除术能取得更好的临床疗效。     

跳跃型脊柱结核的外科治疗

目的 探讨跳跃型脊柱结核的治疗方法 及临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2007年3月收治的资料完整的23例跳跃型脊柱结核患者的临床特点、治疗方法 及结果.患者年龄21～65岁,平均41.5岁.病灶位于颈椎+胸椎3例,胸椎+胸椎3例,胸椎+胸腰段6例,胸椎+腰椎4例,胸腰段+腰椎5例,颈椎+胸椎+胸腰段1例,颈椎+胸腰段+腰椎1例.术前后凸角度-5.0°～65.0°,平均30.6°.各处病灶根据病变特点、部位及椎体破坏程度选择行前路一期病灶清除、植骨内固定术,经肋横突入路病灶清除术、椎间植骨后路椎弓根系统内固定术,前路病灶清除植骨、后路椎弓根固定术,一期后路病灶清除、植骨内固定术,单纯病灶清除术或保守治疗.结果术后随访1.5～6.0年,平均3.2年.所有病灶均治愈,未再复发.术后6～12个月,行植骨者病灶X线片均显示植骨融合.术前11例合并截瘫者,7例完全恢复,4例部分恢复.末次随访时后凸角度改善至平均14.2°.术后9例次发生并发症,未造成机体残余损害.结论 跳跃型脊柱结核应根据各处病灶的部位、稳定性、畸形状况及神经损伤情况采取相应的治疗方法 .在有效的抗结核治疗和营养支持治疗前提下积极术前准备,对绝大多数跳跃型脊柱结核患者可一期行手术治疗.     

儿童生长期脊柱结核外科治疗现状及进展

回顾性研究近年来大量儿童生长期脊柱结核外科治疗文献,探讨儿童脊柱结核的特点,分析儿童生长期脊柱结核外科治疗的进展,总结了儿童脊柱结核手术治疗的指征,分析各种脊柱结核手术方法的临床疗效,目前认为前路病灶清除联合前后路植骨融合往往能获得良好的生长率和畸形校正。椎弓根内固定对儿童脊柱结核是安全可行的。早期积极手术,能防治儿童脊柱后凸畸形。微创外科技术是儿童生长期脊柱结核治疗的发展方向。     

一期前路椎体间植骨并内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的　探讨脊柱结核外科治疗中一期重建脊柱稳定性的重要性及内固定器械植入的安全性。　方法　总结 1997年 10月至 1999年 1月期间收治 11例胸腰椎结核患者 ,采用一期前路病灶清除、椎体间自体植骨并胸腰椎“Z”形前路钛钢板内固定治疗。　结果　经平均 16个月的随访 ,11例患者脊柱结核均治愈 ,无局部结核复发 ,植骨全部骨性融合 ,融合时间平均为 3.8个月 ,后凸矫正角度 18° ,无手术并发症。　结论　早期重建脊柱稳定性在脊柱结核外科治疗中具有重要的意义 ,在结核病灶局部植入钛质内固定器械是安全和有效的。     

老年人脊柱结核的外科治疗

目的探讨老年人脊柱结核外科治疗的围手术期处理方法和手术疗效。方法回顾分析1998年5月至2005年6月行手术治疗的36例老年人脊柱结核患者的临床资料。年龄61～86岁,平均70．2岁。术前有合并症者28例,合并截瘫者20例。3例行CT引导下经皮穿刺置管引流术;12例行前路病灶清除、植骨、前路内固定术;5例选择前路清除病灶、植骨、后路内固定术;7例采用经肋横突病灶清除、椎间植骨,后路椎弓根系统内固定术;9例行后路病灶清除、植骨和内固定术。术后抗结核药物治疗9—24个月。随访时间1．5—6年,平均3年10个月。结果术后33例次发生并发症,1例术后围手术期肺部感染死亡,随访期间因心梗及脑出血各死亡1例,其余患者病灶治愈,未再复发。31例患者X线片显示植骨融合。后凸畸形得到部分矫正。术前截瘫者,完全恢复11例,部分恢复5例。结论通过对伴发疾病及并发症的患者术前认真评估和处理,老年脊柱结核患者一般可耐受手术治疗。手术治疗及内固定的应用有助于病灶愈合,促进恢复。     

One-stage anterior debridement,bone grafting and posterior instrumentation vs. single posterior debridement,bone grafting,and instrumentation for the treatment of thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare single posterior debridement, interbody fusion and instrumentation with one-stage anterior debridement, interbody fusion and posterior instrumentation for treating thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis.

Method

From January 2006 to January 2010, we enrolled 115 spinal tuberculosis patients with obvious surgical indications. Overall, 55 patients had vertebral body destruction, accompanied by a flow injection abscess or a unilateral abscess volume greater than 500 ml. The patients underwent one-staged anterior debridement, bone grafting and posterior instrumentation (group A) or single posterior debridement, bone grafting and instrumentation (group B). Clinical and radiographic results for the two groups were analyzed and compared.

Results

Patients were followed 12–36 months (mean 21.3 months), Fusion occurred at 4–12 months (mean 7.8 months). There were significant differences between groups regarding the post-operative kyphosis angle, angle correction and angle correction rate, especially if pathology is present in thoracolumbar and lumbar regions. Operative complications affected five patients in group A, and one patient in group B. A unilateral psoas abscess was observed in three patients 12 months postoperatively. In one of them, interbody fusion did not occur, and there was fixation loosening and interbody absorption. All of them were cured by an anterior operation.

Conclusion

Anterior debridement and bone grafting with posterior instrumentation may not be the best choice for treating patients with spinal tuberculosis. Single posterior debridement/bone grafting/instrumentation for single-segment of thoracic or lumbar spine tuberculosis produced good clinical results, except in patients who had a psoas abscess.     

Spinal instrumentation for primary pyogenic infection report of 31 patients

The role of spinal instrumentation in the presence of infection is still controversial. Radical debridements of infected vertebrae and disc material and bone grafting usually leaves the spine unstable without some surgical stabilisation. We reviewed 31 cases of primary pyogenic spinal infection treated by radical debridement, bone grafting and posterior (30) or anterior (1) spinal instrumentation. The indication for surgery was the failure of conservative treatment (8), progressive neurological deficit (19) or the lack of diagnosis (3). The clinical, laboratory and radiological parameters were assessed pre and postoperatively. The mean period of follow-up was 3.8 years (1-12 years). The neurological deficit was progressive in 19 patients, following surgery all these patients were improved. The neurological deficit was established in one patient; following surgery, his neurological deficit did not improve. The infection was eradicated in all our patients. The following complications were encountered: (1) three patients developed deep wound infection, which responded to repeated debridement; (2) one death resulted from nosocomial septicaemia, (3) reoperation was carried out on one patient for implant failure and on another for a dislodged anterior bone graft. We conclude that spinal instrumentation may be indicated when after radical debridement of infected vertebrae and disc material and bone grafting the stability of the spine is still compromised. According to the location of the infection and the availability of suitable implants, anterior or posterior instrumentation may be necessary. With appropriate antimicrobial agents, the outcome has been satisfactory in our patients.     

Comparison of open and minimally invasive techniques for posterior lumbar instrumentation and fusion after open anterior lumbar interbody fusion

Background contextMinimally invasive techniques for spinal fusion have theoretical advantages for the reduction of iatrogenic injury. Although this topic has been investigated previously for posterior-only interbody surgery, such as transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, similar studies have not evaluated these techniques after anteroposterior spinal fusion, a study design that can more accurately determine the effect of pedicle screw placement and decompression via a minimally invasive technique without the confounding effect of simultaneous interbody cage placement.PurposeTo compare process measures that provide insight into the morbidity of surgery, such as surgical time and the length of postoperative hospital stay between open and minimally invasive anteroposterior lumbar fusion; and to compare the complications during the intraoperative and early postoperative period between open and minimally invasive anteroposterior lumbar fusion.Study designRetrospective case-control study.Patient sampleOne hundred sixty-two patients.Outcome measuresEstimated blood loss, length of surgery, intraoperative fluoroscopy time, length of postoperative hospital stay, malpositioned instrumentation on postoperative imaging, and postoperative complications, including pulmonary embolus and surgical site infection.MethodsPatients who underwent open anterior lumbar interbody fusion followed by either traditional open posterior fusion (Open group) or minimally invasive posterior fusion (minimally invasive surgery [MIS] group) were matched by the number of surgical levels. A chart review was performed to document the intraoperative and postoperative process measures and associated complications in the two groups. Secondary analyses were performed to compare the subgroups of patients, who did and did not undergo a posterior decompression at the time of posterior instrumentation to determine the effect of decompression.ResultsBaseline characteristics were similar between the Open and MIS groups. Estimated blood loss and postoperative transfusion rate were significantly higher in the Open group, differences that the subanalyses suggested were largely because of those patients who underwent concomitant decompression. Length of stay was not significantly different between the groups but was significantly shorter for MIS patients treated without decompression than for Open patients treated without decompression. Intraoperative fluoroscopy time was significantly longer in the MIS group. There was no difference in the infection or complication rates between the groups.ConclusionsOur case-control study comparing patients who underwent anterior lumbar interbody fusion followed by open posterior instrumentation with those who underwent anterior lumbar interbody fusion followed by minimally invasive posterior instrumentation demonstrated that patients undergoing MIS fusion without decompression had less blood loss, less need for transfusion in the perioperative period, and a shorter hospital stay. In contrast, most outcome measures were similar between MIS and Open groups for patients who underwent decompression.     

一期前后联合入路手术治疗胸腰椎脊柱结核

目的探讨胸、腰椎结核的手术治疗方式。方法42例胸、腰椎结核患者，男24例，女18例；年龄为22～73岁，平均38．2岁。其中胸椎结核11例，胸腰段结核14例，L2以下腰椎结核17例。术前采用四至六联正规抗结核治疗至少3周，所有患者均采用后路椎弓根螺钉系统矫形内固定、椎板间植骨（人工骨），同期行前路病灶清除联合自体髂骨植骨术。前路手术切口根据病变节段分别采用经胸腔入路、胸膜外腹膜外入路、经腹膜外肾切口、经腹直肌旁腹膜外切口及腹正中腹膜外入路。平均手术时间为230min，术中平均出血量为550ml。术后继续抗结核治疗，术后4周下地行走。结果所有患者均获得8～46个月随访，平均24．3个月。全部患者植骨融合，腰背痛症状缓解，神经功能明显恢复，复查血沉及CRP均正常。结论对于非手术治疗效果不佳的胸、腰椎结核患者，采用后路矫形内固定、前路病灶清除植骨的一期手术方式可获得满意的疗效。     

病灶清除植骨融合联合内固定治疗脊柱结核

目的：探讨不同节段脊柱结核外科治疗的手术策略及内固定适应证的选择。方法：回顾性分析2000年1月至2003年9月期间接受病灶清除、植骨融合及内固定手术治疗并获得随访的39例脊柱结核患者的临床资料．其中16例颈椎、胸椎和胸腰椎及2例腰椎结核患者接受前路-期病灶清除、植骨融合、内固定术，21例腰椎和腰骶椎结核患者接受后路经椎弓根固定、后外侧植骨融合联合前路病灶清除、椎间植骨融合术。观察术后和随访期间患者结核中毒症状和神经功能的改善情况、植骨融合情况及治愈率。结果：术后结核中毒症状明显缓解，神经功能明显改善，22个月时94．9％（37／39）植骨融合，治愈率为94．9％。结论：脊柱结核手术治疗中内固定的应用是安全、有效的；手术策略的制定和内固定的选择应根据病变节段、脓肿大小、范围等综合判断。     

脊柱结核外科治疗的探讨

目的总结采用彻底清除病灶和植骨消灭死腔，通过坚强内固定矫正畸形和重建脊柱稳定性治疗脊柱结核的疗效。方法自1996年10月至2002年7月共手术治疗脊柱结核152例，结核病灶位于颈椎15例、胸椎67例、胸腰段17例、腰椎53例，病灶范围1～3个椎体，无跳跃病灶。手术方法：(1)前路一期病灶清除植骨、钢板内固定；(2)经肋横突切除入路行病灶清除植骨、经椎弓根内固定；(3)后方入路行病灶清除、植骨融合和椎弓根内固定；(4)前路病灶清除植骨、后路椎弓根固定。术后配戴支具3～5个月，抗结核药物治疗6～9个月。定期进行实验室检查和影像学观察。结果(1)手术时间和出血量：前后路联合手术平均术时4．5h，术中平均出血650ml；前路一期病灶清除植骨内固定，平均术时3．5h，术中平均出血450ml；其余两种手术平均术时3．0h，术中平均出血350ml。(2)手术创伤和并发症：前后路联合手术创伤较大，前路一期病灶清除植骨内固定术次之。手术并发症有大血管破裂1例，暂时性窦道形成5例，内固定器松动和断裂3例。(3)临床疗效：患者术后1～2周症状基本缓解并下床行走，术后6～8周日常生活基本自理，术后6个月X线片显示植骨融合。患者结核病灶全部治愈。结论有效应用抗结核药物是脊柱结核手术成功的前提，坚强内固定有利于矫正后凸畸形、重建脊柱稳定性、促进植骨融合。抗结核药物和病灶彻底清除是内固定安全植人的前提。脊柱结核的外科治疗应该是病灶清除、减压矫形、植骨融合和坚强固定。     

一期前路病灶清除椎间植骨联合内固定治疗脊柱结核

目的探讨病灶彻底清除后,自体髂骨块椎间植骨联合前路或后路内固定的效果。方法1999年6月～2004年4月期间一期手术治疗脊柱结核89例,其中前路病灶清除、自体髂骨椎间植骨,前方或侧前方内固定73例;前路病灶清除、自体髂骨椎间植骨,后路内固定16例。术后支具保护6个月,正规抗结核化疗12个月。根据术前、术后及最后一次随访的X线平片分析融合情况和畸形矫正的进展。结果随访1～5年,平均28个月;除2例复发、1例内固定松动、2例出现药物性肝炎、2例出现供骨区严重疼痛外,无其他并发症;88例获骨性愈合,愈合时间3～6个月。平均4个月;术前、术后、最后一次Cobb角分别为35.3°、16.3°、19.5°。结论对合适的病例,该法可有效稳定脊柱、维持其畸形的矫正;达到牢固地融合,临床效果明显。     

腰椎结核的一期后路经椎间隙病灶清除内固定术

 目的 评价椎板减压后,一期经椎间隙进行病灶清除及植骨融合内固定术对于腰椎结核治疗的可行性及疗效。方法 2009年1月至2012年5月,对21例脊柱结核患者采用一期经椎间隙进行病灶清除及植骨融合内固定治疗。所有患者均为单间隙病变,累及两椎体。男14例,女7例;年龄19~47岁,平均34.8岁。L_2,3椎体结核2例,L_3,4椎体结核5例,L_4,5椎体结核14例。所有患者均存在腰背部疼痛,7例患者伴有消瘦、低热、盗汗、乏力症状,2例患者双下肢麻木,1例患者间歇性跛行症状。21例患者术前至少经2~4周的正规抗结核治疗。术前均行腰椎X线、CT扫描及MR检查,按影像学结果拟定病椎椎弓根钉的进钉角度。结果 本组病例均一期后路经椎间隙病灶清除内固定术治疗,术后结核经病理或微生物学检查确诊。手术时间平均3.1 h（2.5~4.3 h）,出血量平均370 ml （250~600 ml）。21例患者均获得随访,红细胞沉降率恢复正常时间平均为术后5.8个月。术后随访时间12~48个月,平均18个月。无一例患者局部窦道形成,病灶清除术后伤口均一期愈合。脊柱结核均无复发,腰椎背部疼痛症状均明显缓解。术后随访无病灶残留及复发,无内固定松动、移位等并发症。结论 在应用有效的抗结核药物前提下,对于无明显腰大肌脓肿的患者,尽可能避开病灶,灵活置入椎弓根螺钉,一期后路经椎间隙病灶清除内固定术治疗腰椎结核可以取得满意的疗效。     

前后路一期病灶清除植骨内固定治疗腰骶脊柱结核

目的探讨采用前后路一期病灶清除植骨内固定治疗腰骶脊柱结核的临床效果。方法采用后路椎弓根内固定加前路病灶清除植骨治疗腰骶椎结核10例,术后抗痨治疗。结果切口均一期愈合,无窦道形成。随访1-4年,植骨块均在4—6个月融合,无植骨块松动移位发生,所有患者腰痛、下肢麻痛症状消失。结论采用后路椎弓根内固定加前路病灶清除植骨是治疗腰骶椎结核的一种稳定可靠的手术方法。     

One-stage anterior interbody autografting and instrumentation in primary surgical management of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis

There are few articles in the literature concerning anterior instrumentation in the surgical management of spinal tuberculosis in the exudative stage. So we report here 23 cases of active thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis treated by one-stage anterior interbody autografting and instrumentation to verify the importance of early reconstruction of spinal stability and to evaluate the results of one-stage interbody autografting and anterior instrumentation in the surgical management of the exudative stage of throracolumbar spinal tuberculosis. Twenty-three patients, including two children (9 and 15 years old, respectively) and 21 adults with thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis were treated surgically. T9 to L4 spinal segments were affected, and MRI/CT showed evident collapse of the vertebrae because of tuberculous destruction and paravertebral abscess. Neurological deficits were found in 15 patients. Before surgery, patients received standard anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy for 2 to 3 weeks. Under general endotracheal anaesthesia, the patients were placed in right recumbent positions, and a transthoracic, lateral extracavitary or extrapleural approach was chosen according to the tuberculosis lesion segment. After exposure, the tuberculous lesion region, including the collapsed vertebrae and in-between intervertebral disc, was almost completely resected in order to release the segmental spinal cord. Then, autologous iliac, rib or fibular graft was harvested to complete interbody fusion, and an anterior titanium-alloy plate-screw system was used to reconstruct the stability of the affected segments. Anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy was continued for at least 9 months, and the patients were supported with thoracolumbosacral orthosis for 6 months after surgery. All patients were followed up for an average of 2 years. All 23 cases were healed without chronic sinus formation or any recurrence of tuberculosis during the follow-up period. Spinal fusion occurred at a mean of 3.8 months after surgery. Of all patients with neurological deficits, 14 patients showed obvious improvement; only one patient with Frankel C lesion remained unchanged, but none of the patients got worse. During the follow-up period, a mean of 18 degrees of kyphosis correction was achieved after surgery in the adult group. Moderate progressive kyphosis because of this procedure fusion occurred postoperatively in a 9-year-old child after 2 1/2 years; another 15-year-old child did not demonstrate this phenomenon. Except for the early loosening of one screw in two cases (which did not affect the reconstruction of spinal stability), no other complications associated with this procedure were found during follow-up. Early reconstruction of spinal stability plays an important role in the surgical management of spinal tuberculosis. One-stage anterior interbody autografting and instrumentation in the surgical management of the exudative stage of spinal tuberculosis show more advantages in selected patients, but supplementary posterior fusion should be considered to prevent postoperative kyphosis when this procedure is performed in children.This article was presented at the Conference of Eurospine 2001, Gothenburg, Sweden.     

The role of posterior instrumentation and fusion after anterior radical debridement and fusion in the surgical treatment of spinal tuberculosis: experience of 127 cases

Long periods of immobilization, progressive kyphosis and graft failure are the major postoperative problems encountered after anterior radical surgical treatment for tuberculosis of the spine. Posterior fusion and instrumentation can be an effective solution for these problems. Effectiveness of posterior fusion and instrumentation was investigated in this study on the basis of the cases with anterior procedure only, and with combined anterior-posterior procedures. One hundred twenty-seven cases of tuberculosis of the spine were surgically treated between 1987 and 1995. All had either 1 or more of conditions such as spinal cord compression and neurological deficit, vertebral body collapse and kyphosis, or wide paravertebral abscess unresponsive to medical treatment. Of these, 57 had only anterior radical procedure between the years 1987 and 1993. Seventy cases had posterior instrumentation and fusion after the anterior procedure between the years 1991 and 1995. In about two third of the patients (81) autogenous iliac strut graft and in one third of them (40) autogenous fibular strut graft (cases with more than 2 level involvement) was used along with rib grafts after debridement. Twenty-one of the 57 patients who had only anterior procedure demonstrated a postoperative increase of kyphosis of more than 10 degrees. Increased kyphosis was due to graft slippage in 3, resorption in 2 and subsidence in 16 patients. No such increase or graft failure was noted in cases of combined anterior-posterior procedure. The difference in terms of kyphosis was found to be statistically significant (P=0.047). Anterior radical debridement and strut graft is the golden standard in the surgical treatment of spinal tuberculosis, but it should always be accompanied by posterior instrumentation and fusion to shorten the immobilization period and hospital stay, obtain good and long lasting correction of kyphosis, and prevent further collapse and graft failure.     

前路内固定矫正结核性脊柱畸形

目的　总结前路病灶清除、椎体间植骨和前路内固定手术治疗结核性脊柱畸形的临床疗效 ,探讨前路内固定植入在脊柱结核外科治疗中的安全性和价值。　方法　 1997年 6月～ 2 0 0 1年5月 ,采用前路病灶清除、椎体间植骨和一期前路内固定手术治疗脊柱结核 18例 ,其中颈椎 1例 ,胸椎10例 ,胸腰段 2例 ,腰椎 5例。平均每例受累椎体 2 8个。脊柱后凸畸形角度 2 7 0°～ 75 5°,平均47 5°± 11 4°。均采用髂骨植骨。　结果　 18例病例均获得随访 ,平均随访时间 2 5个月。所有病例均未出现伤口深部感染或窦道形成 ,植骨均完全融合 ,平均融合时间为 3 6个月。后凸畸形矫正度数为 32 7°± 8 3°,后期矫正度丢失 3 2°± 2 8°。　结论　前路内固定手术在脊柱外科治疗中能有效地达到矫正后凸畸形、重建脊柱稳定性和促进椎体间植骨融合的目的 ,是一种安全和有效的治疗方法。     

脊柱结核再次手术原因分析及治疗方案选择

目的 回顾性分析脊柱结核再次手术的原因,并对个体化手术结果进行随访观察.方法 对三个脊柱外科中心24例再次手术的脊柱结核患者进行原因分析,并针对不同原因采用个体化治疗.再次手术方式:单纯病灶清除术14例,病灶清除、窦道切除术5例,一期病灶清除、植骨融合内固定4例,二期病灶清除植骨融合、前后路联合固定1例.术后加强抗结核药物治疗12～18个月,定期观察红细胞降率、X线片、CT三维重建,评估结核活动及植骨融合情况.结果 再次手术为多因素作用的结果,主要原因有病灶清除不彻底、化疗方案不合理、全身营养不良、脓腔处理不当、内植物选择不当等.再次手术中无大血管、神经、输尿管损伤.再次手术后随访12～36个月,平均20个月,结核病变无复发.根据Bridwell标准,17例椎间植骨内固定患者植骨均融合,另7例患者椎间骨桥形成.结论 脊柱结核再次手术原因复杂,为多因素共同作用的结果,治疗难度大.术前应详细分析其复发的主要原因,加强营养支持治疗,强调个体化的药物治疗和手术治疗.     

Debridement,interbody graft using titanium mesh cages,posterior instrumentation and fusion in the surgical treatment of multilevel noncontiguous spinal tuberculosis in elderly patients via a posterior-only

PurposeTo analyse the efficacy and feasibility of surgical management for elderly patients with multilevel non-contiguous spinal tuberculosis(MNSTB)by using one-stage posterior focus debridement, interbody graft using titanium mesh cages, posterior instrumentation and fusion.MethodsFrom September 2009 to October 2013, 15 elderly patients with MNSTB were treated with one-stage posterior focus debridement, interbody graft using titanium mesh cages, posterior instrumentation and fusion. There were 10 males and 5 females with a mean age of 63.2 years (range: 60–68 years) at the time of surgery. The mean follow-up time was 40 months(range 26–68 months). Patients were evaluated before and after surgery in terms of erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), neurological status, pain and kyphotic angle.ResultsThe spinal tuberculosis was completely cured, and the grafted bones were fused in all 15 patients. There were no recurrent tuberculous infections. The ESR reached a normal level within 3 months in all patients. The ASIA neurological classification improved in all cases, and pain relief was reported by all patients. The average preoperative kyphosis was 20.1° (range 8–38°) and decreased to 7.6° (range 1–18°) postoperatively. There was no significant loss of the correction at the latest follow-up.ConclusionsOur results showed that one-stage posterior focus debridement, interbody graft using titanium mesh cages, posterior instrumentation and fusion was an effective treatment for elderly patients with MNSTB. It is characterized by minimum surgical trauma, good neurological recovery, and good correction of kyphosis.