Isolated Traumatic Vertebral Pseudoaneurysm: Report of a Case

We report a case of isolated traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the vertebral artery in a 20-year-old man who suffered blunt injury to the left foreneck and arm in a traffic accident. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan on admission showed an upper mediastinal hematoma, but the patient's vital signs were stable. A CT scan of the head and neck showed a cerebral mass, and an elective cerebral four-vessel angiography was performed, whitch revealed a pseudoaneurysm in the proximal portion of the left vertebral artery. At surgery, about 2 cm of the left vertebral artery was found to be lacerated, and suture ligation was done on each side of the laceration. Postoperative intravenous digital subtraction angiography showed an intact right vertebral artery with no residual pseudoaneurysm. There were no neurological complications and the patient was discharged on the 16th postoperative day. Received: December 13, 2001 / Accepted: July 2, 2002 Reprint requests to: T. Saito     

The relative contribution of trabecular and cortical bone to the strength of human lumbar vertebrae

An experiment was performed to determine the relative contribution of the cortical shell and of the central trabecular bone to the peak, non-destructive compressive strength of excised human lumbar vertebrae. The vertebral units tested utilized the adjacent intervertebral discs to distribute the loads. Among other results the study indicated that (1) the cortex generally contributes 45–75% of the peak strength, regardless of percent ash or physical density of the trabecular bone; (2) when the ash content of a vertebral trabecular bone is <59%, only 40% or less of the forces are transmitted directly by the central trabecular bone. When the ash content exceeds 59, >40% of the forces are transmitted via the central trabeculae and, as would be expected, (3) less force is transmitted by way of the central trabeculae in older subjects than in those 40 years of age.From the Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine (S.D.R. and E.S.) and the Department of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University (J.B.). Supported by USPHS Grants AM-09664 and GM-01152     

Revisable criteria for vertebral deformity

In order to study vertebral fractures in various study populations, we earlier prepared a database of vertebral dimensions derived from spinal radiographs of 191 normal women seen regularly over 25 years. In this report we have expanded the range of measurements to include vertebral levels T3 to L5. We report means and standard deviations on anterior and posterior heights, on wedge shape and on heights relative to adjacent vertebrae. When one or both of the latter two quantities are far below the mean, a vertebra is called deformed. We also describe a more flexible way of expressing damage using the number of deformed vertebrae, the degree of deformity of individual vertebrae, or the total damage to the entire spine. In assessing damage we use criteria for deformity adjusted to the limits detected by an experienced diagnostician, replacing an earlier approach based on 95% probability limits of normal variation. The normal women from whom these variations are ascertained are a low-prevalence group with respect to vertebral deformity, with prevalence of 2.8%. When the criteria developed from these women were applied to a moderate-prevalence group (37%) the model had a sensitivity of 97%, a specificity of 89% and an accuracy of 92% as regards the identification of subjects with damaged vertebrae. When used epidemiologically for a moderate-prevalence group the model has a known overestimation of 15%. The model is compared with other schemes for identifying vertebral deformities.     

Comparison of morphometric assessment of prevalent vertebral deformities in women using different reference data

The semiquantitative assessment of vertebral deformities is based on visual evaluation. The quantitative approach is based on different morphometric criteria. This study is aimed at comparing the impact of different reference groups to define normal vertebral shape on the diagnosis of verterbral deformities. Reference normal values were obtained in three groups of women: French, mixed European, and Argentinian. All these women had normal lumbar spine bone mineral density and no vertebral deformities according to the semiquantitative assessment. In a group of 135 women having vertebral deformities according to Genant’s semiquantitative assessment, three different morphometric criteria were applied. Morphometric diagnosis disclosed a good agreement with semiquantitative assessment. Agreement of diagnosis was higher for a given cutoff using thresholds obtained in different reference groups (κ = 0.84–0.96) and lower when different criteria were compared using thresholds obtained in the same reference group (κ = 0.75–0.85). When fracture thresholds obtained in three different cohorts were compared separately for the three morphometric criteria, agreement was the highest when the cutoff was based only on the arithmetical mean of vertebral heights and was independent of its standard deviation (SD). Average vertebral height ratios did not differ between the three reference cohorts, whereas SDs of vertebral height ratios were the highest in the mixed European cohort and the lowest in the French cohort (F = 7.41, p < 0.001). In the three groups of women of different nationality, SDs of vertebral height ratios, but not the arithmetical means, were significantly higher in the radiographs of poor quality compared with those of good quality. Thus, the main source of difference of diagnosis was related to different SDs whereas average height ratios were not different. Differences in SDs between the three groups were found to be related, at least partly, to poor quality of radiographs. The impact of the differences between populations seems less important, however, only three countries were compared. These findings suggest that those techniques that take into account the SD of vertebral height ratios will provide different reference values for vertebral morphometry. Because differences in SDs depend mainly on the quality of radiographs, they can be reduced by improving the X-ray technique and by the use of standardized protocols. This variability will result in the identification of a variable number of vertebral deformities in osteoporotic women. These results may be of importance especially for multicentric studies.     

Prevalence and severity of vertebral fracture: The saunders county bone quality study

Vertebral fracture prevalence and severity were analyzed by sex and age in an age-stratified proportionate sample of the enumerated population of women and men 50 years of age and older in Saunders County, Nebraska. The sample consisted of 899 women and 529 men. Of these, all but 10 women and 2 men had readable lateral spine radiographs. For both sexes, fracture prevalence rises with age. Women in their fifties have 10% vertebral fracture prevalence, and women in their eighties, 45% prevalence. Men in their fifties have 29% prevalence, and men in their eighties, 39% prevalence. The rise in prevalence and total spinal deformity with age is much greater for women than for men, but the prevalence of vertebral deformity in the fifties is much greater in men than in women.     

颈椎旋转、半失稳与颈性头晕的相关研究

目的:探讨颈性头晕与颈椎旋转、椎体半失稳间的关系。方法:本组86例,按其主诉有无头晕分为无头晕组和颈性头晕组。应用图像存档和传输系统(PACS)测量患者X线正位片上每个颈椎椎体的旋转度和侧位片上椎体间的位移距离。结果:无头晕组C2、C6的旋转度分别比颈性头晕组C2、C6的旋转度小,两组间差异有显著性(P<0.05)。颈性头晕组患者椎体半失稳率为66.7%,椎体间位移距离(0.20±0.18)cm;无头晕组患者椎体半失稳率为44.7%,椎体间位移距离(0.12±0.15)cm。两组患者椎体半失稳率和椎体间位移距离差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:颈性头晕与椎体的半失稳、C2、C6的旋转关系密切。     

Vertebral thoracic osteoclastoma a case report with emphasis on roentgenological findings

Summary A rare case of vertebral osteoclastoma in the body of T₈ is presented. Attention is drawn to its unusual radiological features, not previously reported, and to the relative inefficiency of radiotherapy.The most rational treatment for such a tumour appears to be the widest surgical decompression possible, followed by low-dose irradiation.     

经椎管椎体植骨在胸腰椎骨折中的运用

目的探讨经椎管椎体植骨在胸腰椎骨折中的运用价值.方法用AF系统固定及经椎管椎体植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折23例,并进行随访分析.结果骨折的椎体平均高度(%)术前60.83±15.50,术后95.96±11.16.6个月随访94.80±12.30(P<0.01、P>0.05),内固定物无发生断钉松动等.结论为建立脊柱的稳定,对椎体明显爆裂压缩的患者在手术复位内固定的同时行椎体植骨是必要的,经椎管椎体植骨,是一种较为方便可靠的方法.     

Vertebral osteomyelitis: an analysis of 38 surgically treated cases

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the characteristics of patients with vertebral osteomyelitis who were treated by anterior debridement and interbody fusion. Thirty-eight patients with vertebral osteomyelitis, who were treated between 1980 and 1993, were analyzed in terms of age at the occurrence of disease, duration of disease, type of onset symptoms, radiological type of vertebral destruction, species of pathogen, and surgical result. Thirty-one out of 38 patients (82%) were more than 40 years of age. The patients with severe vertebral destruction were significantly older than those with mild vertebral destruction. Vertebral destruction in the thoracic spine was significantly more severe than that in the lumbar spine. Staphylococcus aureus was identified in only six patients (32% of organism-determined cases). In the present patients who required anterior debridement and bone grafting for this disease, the prognosis was quite good after anterior interbody fusion in conjunction with antibiotics therapy. Received: 3 February 1997 Revised: 7 April 1997 Accepted: 30 July 1997     

临床论著多节段经椎板间隙椎管扩大术治疗腰椎管狭窄症

目的:探讨多节段经椎板间隙椎管扩大术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的疗效。方法:采用潜式扩大中央椎管和神经根管或摘除椎间盘术式治疗腰椎管狭窄症共86例。其中2节段减压57例,3节段减压19例,4节段减压10例。术后进行Oswestry疗效评分与影像学观察。结果:术后CT显示椎管直径明显增加,椎管造影显示神经根管明显扩大。术后1年随访79例,疗效优良率90.1%;术后3年随访76例,优良率86.3%。结论:多节段经椎板间隙椎管扩大术操作简单,手术并发症少,中央椎管和神经根管减压充分,对腰椎后柱张力带结构破坏小,治疗腰椎管狭窄症疗效满意。     

唑来膦酸钠对高转换患者椎体成形术后椎体再骨折发生率影响因素的相关性分析

目的分析高转换患者椎体成形术后应用唑来膦酸钠降低骨质疏松性椎体再骨折发生状况,并探讨再骨折发生率与骨转换指标、骨密度、疼痛、生活质量四者之间的相关性。方法选取2012年7月至2014年10月于我院行椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的282名女性患者,治疗组于术后3 d开始在口服阿法迪三及钙尔奇D的基础上静脉点滴唑来膦酸钠,(阿法迪三和钙尔奇D用三个月,停半个月),共160名,脱落5名;对照组于术后3 d开始口服阿法迪三及钙尔奇D抗骨质疏松基础治疗,共122名,脱落7名;术前3 d行骨密度测定、抽血检测β-胶原特殊序列(β-CTx)和总Ⅰ型胶原氨基酸延长肽(t-P1NP)、为了避免由于手术时机不同而导致患者临床症状缓解不佳对调查结果的影响,术后1周后进行VAS评分及生活质量SF-36评分;于术后1年、2年回访记录患者唑来膦酸钠使用次数及再发椎体骨折情况,并再次行骨密度测定、血清检验骨转换指标、疼痛VAS、SF-36评估,统计数据并运用统计学SPSS17.0软件分析,椎体成形术后应用唑来膦酸钠对骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者再骨折、骨代谢、骨密度、疼痛、生活质量的影响,并探讨它们之间的相关性。结果实验中共脱落12名,8名出现骨水泥泄露、4名再次骨折后行椎体成形术;治疗组中连续两年口服阿法迪三和钙尔奇D并使用唑来膦酸钠治疗者64例,为治疗A组;第2年由于静滴唑来膦酸钠出现肌痛,关节不适,费用等原因只口服阿法迪三和钙尔奇D而未继续使用唑来膦酸钠者91例,为治疗B组;再骨折发生率,对照组术后1年内椎体再骨折12例,骨折率10.43%,治疗A组再骨折6例,骨折率降为9.38%,治疗B组再骨折8例,骨折率为8.79%,经卡方试验分析,治疗组间差异无统计学意义,P0.05,而治疗组与对照组间差异有统计学意义,P0.05;第2年内治疗A组发生椎体再骨折4例,骨折率6.25%,治疗B组再骨折9例,骨折率9.89%,两组比较A组可显著降低骨折发生,P0.05;对照组再骨折12例,骨折率10.43%,治疗B组与对照组比较,治疗B组可显著降低骨折;组间自身比较,治疗A组在第2年内降低骨折3.13%,治疗B组增加骨折1.10%。于骨转换指标,t-P1NP在实验各组中均无显著差异,均P0.05;而β-CTx在1、2年后治疗组相较对照组均能显著降低;骨密度1年后治疗A组可提高1.61%,治疗B组可提高1.29%,对照组提高0.32%,两治疗组差异无统计学意义,P0.05,治疗组与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义,P0.05;2年后,治疗A组骨密度可增加3.53%,治疗B组增加1.61%,对照组提高0.64%,治疗组间比较骨密度的提高差异存在统计学意义,P0.05,治疗B组与对照组比较,差异亦存在统计学意义,P0.05。疼痛VAS评分及生活质量SF-36评分在1、2年后治疗组与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义,P0.05。结论椎体成形术后应用唑来膦酸钠能降低骨折发生率、提高骨密度、降低骨转换率、缓解疼痛、提高生活质量,连续使用疗效更佳;降低骨折发生率、提高骨密度在观察时间上有相关性,可能是通过降低骨转换率、提高骨密度而降低骨折的发生,从而缓解疼痛、逐步提高生活质量。     

Clinical utility of dual-energy vertebral assessment (DVA)

The current study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical utility of DVA, a system for imaging the lateral spine on the Lunar Prodigy densitometer. DVA images were obtained and bone density of the lumbar spine and proximal femur measured in 297 subjects (272 women), aged 64±13 years. The images were classified as: normal (N) if no fractures were detected and all vertebrae between T6 and L4 were visualized, fracture (F) if any vertebra had a fracture (defined as 25% or more reduction in the vertebral height) even if some of the other vertebrae could not be visualized, and un-interpretable (U) if at least one of the vertebra between T6 and L4 could not be classified and no fractures were detected in the visualized vertebrae. A subset of 66 patients also had standard radiographs of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Compared to radiographs, DVA had a 95% sensitivity to detect fractures and 82% specificity (to exclude them). Among all 297 subjects studied, DVAs were interpretable in 87%. They were classified as N in 204 (68%), F in 55 (19%) and U in 38 (13%). The reasons for un-interpretability were: scoliosis, scapular or rib shadow, severe arthritic changes and multiple vertebral compression fracture with severe spinal deformities. Only 11% of F subjects gave a history of a vertebral fracture, and only 56% of F subjects met the BMD criteria for osteoporosis (T score <–2.5). These results indicate that adding DVA, a low radiation and relatively low cost "point of service" procedure, to BMD measurement provides the clinician with a more comprehensive fracture risk assessment than that afforded by clinical evaluation and BMD measurement alone.This study was presented in part at the ISCD Annual Meeting and Scientific Session, 13–16 February 2002, in Atlanta and at the Fifth International Symposium on Clinical Advances in Osteoporosis, 6–9 March 2002, in Honolulu.     

椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的 探讨一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术治疗椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的临床疗效.方法 手术治疗成人椎管内髓外良性肿瘤共64例,71个,均行一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术,术后随访观察临床疗效.结果 小肿瘤及大肿瘤患者术后神经功能恢复较快,近期及远期疗效均优于术前,且远期疗效优于近期疗效;巨大肿瘤患者术后神经功能恢复较慢,近期疗效并不优于术前,但远期疗效优于术前.结论 一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术是治疗椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的良好方法,尤其适用于大肿瘤和巨大肿瘤的手术治疗.     

椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的 探讨一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术治疗椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的临床疗效.方法 手术治疗成人椎管内髓外良性肿瘤共64例,71个,均行一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术,术后随访观察临床疗效.结果 小肿瘤及大肿瘤患者术后神经功能恢复较快,近期及远期疗效均优于术前,且远期疗效优于近期疗效;巨大肿瘤患者术后神经功能恢复较慢,近期疗效并不优于术前,但远期疗效优于术前.结论 一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术是治疗椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的良好方法,尤其适用于大肿瘤和巨大肿瘤的手术治疗.     

椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的 探讨一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术治疗椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的临床疗效.方法 手术治疗成人椎管内髓外良性肿瘤共64例,71个,均行一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术,术后随访观察临床疗效.结果 小肿瘤及大肿瘤患者术后神经功能恢复较快,近期及远期疗效均优于术前,且远期疗效优于近期疗效;巨大肿瘤患者术后神经功能恢复较慢,近期疗效并不优于术前,但远期疗效优于术前.结论 一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术是治疗椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的良好方法,尤其适用于大肿瘤和巨大肿瘤的手术治疗.     

椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的 探讨一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术治疗椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的临床疗效.方法 手术治疗成人椎管内髓外良性肿瘤共64例,71个,均行一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术,术后随访观察临床疗效.结果 小肿瘤及大肿瘤患者术后神经功能恢复较快,近期及远期疗效均优于术前,且远期疗效优于近期疗效;巨大肿瘤患者术后神经功能恢复较慢,近期疗效并不优于术前,但远期疗效优于术前.结论 一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术是治疗椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的良好方法,尤其适用于大肿瘤和巨大肿瘤的手术治疗.     

椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的 探讨一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术治疗椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的临床疗效.方法 手术治疗成人椎管内髓外良性肿瘤共64例,71个,均行一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术,术后随访观察临床疗效.结果 小肿瘤及大肿瘤患者术后神经功能恢复较快,近期及远期疗效均优于术前,且远期疗效优于近期疗效;巨大肿瘤患者术后神经功能恢复较慢,近期疗效并不优于术前,但远期疗效优于术前.结论 一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术是治疗椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的良好方法,尤其适用于大肿瘤和巨大肿瘤的手术治疗.     

椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的 探讨一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术治疗椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的临床疗效.方法 手术治疗成人椎管内髓外良性肿瘤共64例,71个,均行一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术,术后随访观察临床疗效.结果 小肿瘤及大肿瘤患者术后神经功能恢复较快,近期及远期疗效均优于术前,且远期疗效优于近期疗效;巨大肿瘤患者术后神经功能恢复较慢,近期疗效并不优于术前,但远期疗效优于术前.结论 一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术是治疗椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的良好方法,尤其适用于大肿瘤和巨大肿瘤的手术治疗.     

椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的 探讨一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术治疗椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的临床疗效.方法 手术治疗成人椎管内髓外良性肿瘤共64例,71个,均行一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术,术后随访观察临床疗效.结果 小肿瘤及大肿瘤患者术后神经功能恢复较快,近期及远期疗效均优于术前,且远期疗效优于近期疗效;巨大肿瘤患者术后神经功能恢复较慢,近期疗效并不优于术前,但远期疗效优于术前.结论 一次性全椎板减压椎管成形并显微外科肿瘤切除术是治疗椎管内髓外良性肿瘤的良好方法,尤其适用于大肿瘤和巨大肿瘤的手术治疗.