水飞蓟宾通过诱导活性氮生成增多介导人表皮癌A431细胞死亡

目的采用天然药物提取物水飞蓟宾作用于人表皮癌A431细胞,考察药物诱导细胞内生成活性氮(reactive nitrogen species,RNS)的来源及其在诱导细胞凋亡过程中所起的调控作用。方法采用噻唑蓝比色法、流式细胞术及一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)试剂盒检测法等方法考察药物对细胞的生长抑制、RNS生成、线粒体损伤及凋亡等影响。结果及结论水飞蓟宾可浓度依赖性诱导A431细胞生长抑制;在此过程中细胞内RNS及NO水平增高,一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)抑制剂或NO抑制剂的加入可逆转这一现象的发生;同时,N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(Nnitro-L-arginine methyl ester,L-NAM E)及一氧化氮清除剂PTIO可显著逆转水飞蓟宾诱导的细胞凋亡。说明水飞蓟宾可能是通过激活内皮型一氧化氮合酶(endothelial nitric oxide synthase,e NOS)而诱导细胞内NO水平增高,并通过线粒体途径促进了细胞凋亡的发生。     

日本刺参酸性粘多糖、皂苷和胶原蛋白多肽对血管内皮细胞的保护作用

目的研究日本刺参酸性粘多糖、皂苷和胶原多肽对血管内皮细胞的保护作用。方法采用ox-LDL建立体外培养的人脐静脉血管内皮细胞株(ECV304)损伤模型。MTT法测定血管内皮细胞的增殖活性;硝酸还原酶法测定血管内皮细胞一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力和NO释放量;TBA法测定细胞内MDA含量;DNA-Ladder法检测血管内皮细胞的凋亡。结果不同浓度的酸性粘多糖、胶原蛋白多肽和低浓度的皂苷能明显抑制ox-LDL对血管内皮细胞的损伤,促进血管内皮细胞增殖(P<0.05,P<0.01);降低细胞内MDA含量(P<0.05,P<0.01);拮抗ox-LDL引起的血管内皮细胞凋亡。酸性粘多糖和胶原蛋白多肽还能明显促进血管内皮细胞NO释放量(P<0.05,P<0.01),提高细胞NOS活力(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论日本刺参酸性粘多糖、皂苷和胶原蛋白多肽对血管内皮细胞的脂质过氧化物损伤均具有明显的保护作用。     

高甘油三酯血清对人脐静脉内皮细胞的损伤作用

目的:研究单纯高甘油三酯血清(HTGBS)对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)的损伤作用。方法:体外培养HUVEC,观察不同浓度的HTGBS对血管内皮细胞活力(MTT法测吸光度A值)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性,丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮(NO)含量的影响。运用WesternBlot和酶联免疫吸附测定法(Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay,ELISA)检测各组细胞中血红素氧化酶-1(HO-1)蛋白的表达和细胞培养上清液中碳氧血红蛋白(COHb)的含量。结果:5%浓度的HTGBS对血管内皮细胞有明显的损伤作用,显著降低细胞活力、NO含量和SOD、NOS活性(P<0.01),显著升高血管内皮细胞中LDH、iNOS活性和MDA含量(P<0.01),并且5%HTGBS显著诱导细胞HO-1蛋白的表达并增加细胞培养液中CO的生成量(P<0.01)。结论:HTGBS体外诱导HUVEC氧化损伤,使细胞活力和抗氧化能力显著降低,增加其通透性及脂质过氧化程度,影响内皮细胞分泌功能并能诱导HO-1蛋白表达代偿性升高。     

Oxymatrine improves palmitic acid-induced vascular endothelial cell injury through Akt-eNOS-NO signaling pathway北大核心CSCD

目的探讨氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine,OMT)对棕榈酸(palmitic acid,PA)致血管内皮细胞损伤的改善作用及其机制。方法MTT法检测人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs)存活率;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡;ELISA法检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平以及细胞培养液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)及一氧化氮(NO)水平;Western blot法检测bcl-2、bax、caspase-3、Akt和内皮型一氧化氮合酶(endothelial nitric oxide synthase,eNOS)的蛋白表达。结果OMT对PA诱导的HUVECs细胞存活率下降和LDH水平升高有明显的抑制作用;降低细胞凋亡;上调bcl-2/bax蛋白比值及下调caspase-3蛋白表达;在细胞培养液中降低ROS和MDA水平而提高SOD、GSH-PX和NO水平;上调Akt和eNOS的磷酸化蛋白表达。结论OMT通过Akt-eNOS-NO信号通路改善PA诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤。     

不对称性二甲基精氨酸与脑梗死的相关性研究

内皮依赖性血管舒张反应功能障碍是动脉粥样硬化的特征性表现.一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)对维持内皮正常功能有重要作用.不对称性二甲基精氨酸(asymmetric dimethylarginine,ADMA)为一氧化氮合酶(nictric oxide synthase,NOS)抑制剂,它能竞争性抑制NOS活性,减少NO生成.在多种病理生理状况下ADMA水平显著升高,内皮细胞NOS活性降低,NO合成减少,导致血管内皮功能不全~([1]).本研究旨在通过检测脑梗死患者ADMA水平,探讨ADMA与脑梗死的相关性.     

2种海参胶原蛋白多肽对血管内皮细胞保护作用的比较研究

目的 观察革皮氏海参和北极刺参胶原蛋白多肽对氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)损伤的血管内皮细胞的保护作用,探讨其保护内皮细胞的作用机制。方法 采用ox-LDL处理血管内皮细胞(ECV304)建立氧化应激损伤模型,以MTT法测定ECV304的增殖活性,硫代巴比妥酸法测定细胞内的丙二醛(MDA)含量,比色法测定一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力和一氧化氮(NO)释放量,Hoechst33258染色法检测细胞的凋亡,Western blotting法检测caspase-3蛋白的表达。结果 经2种海参胶原蛋白多肽预处理后,ECV304细胞的增殖率显著升高 (P<0.05,P<0.01),细胞凋亡比率和MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),细胞NOS活力和NO释放量均显著提高 (P<0.05,P<0.01),凋亡蛋白caspase-3的表达量显著降低。结论 2种海参胶原蛋白多肽均能有效保护脂质过氧化物损伤的血管内皮细胞,其中北极刺参胶原蛋白多肽在抑制细胞凋亡和提高NOS活性方面效果更突出,可能与其氨基酸组成有关。     

栀子苷对氧化应激损伤血管内皮细胞的保护作用

目的研究栀子苷对体外培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)氧化损伤的保护作用。方法采用过氧化氢(Hy-drogen peroxide,H2O2)建立体外培养的HUVEC细胞氧化应激损伤模型。将细胞分为正常对照组、H2O2氧化损伤组、H2O2加栀子苷低、中、高剂量组,其中后3组给予栀子苷预培养24h后加入400μmol.L-1H2O2,然后继续培养12h。MTT法检测细胞存活率;检测各组细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)水平和培养液中一氧化氮(NO)水平;检测细胞内活性氧簇(ROS)水平;用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡及周期改变。结果栀子苷能明显提高H2O2损伤的内皮细胞的存活率,提高细胞内SOD、GSH-Px、NOS活性,使培养液中NO含量增加,降低细胞内ROS水平,减少H2O2诱导的细胞凋亡率,恢复血管内皮细胞增殖。结论栀子苷具有较强的抗氧化能力及内皮细胞保护作用,可减轻血管内皮细胞的氧化损伤。     

红霉素对人脐静脉内皮细胞一氧化氮及钙离子水平的影响

目的　探讨红霉素对人脐静脉内皮细胞一氧化氮通路及钙离子的影响。方法　应用一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶试剂盒测定内皮细胞NO的含量及NOS的活性 ,采用Fura 2负载荧光技术检测胞内游离钙水平。结果　红霉素能明显增加内皮细胞NO的产生和胞内游离钙水平 ,并能明显增强NOS的活性 ,具有浓度和时间效应。结论　红霉素对人脐静脉内皮细胞一氧化氮通路的影响可能通过胞内游离钙而起作用。     

一氧化氮参与非诺贝特抗高糖高胰岛素诱导的心肌肥大

目的研究过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-α(peroxi-some proliferator-activated receptor-α,PPAR-α)特异性激动剂非诺贝特(fenofibrate,FF)在高糖高胰岛素(high glucose and insulin,HGI)所致心肌细胞肥大中的作用及其与一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)途径的关系。方法乳鼠心肌细胞培养,以细胞表面积、蛋白含量和心房利钠因子mRNA表达为心肌肥大反映指标,观察FF对HGI致肥大作用的影响。利用Real-time PCR和Western blot方法检测mRNA及蛋白水平的表达;比色法和硝酸还原法分别检测细胞培养液中一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)的活性和NO的浓度。结果FF浓度依赖性地抑制HGI诱导的心肌细胞肥大(P<0.01);FF0.3μmol·L-1明显上调HGI导致的PPAR-α以及内皮型一氧化氮合酶(endothelial nitric oxide synthase,eNOS)mRNA和蛋白表达的降低(P<0.05);并增加HGI降低的NOS活性和NO浓度(P<0.01)。PPAR-α阻断剂MK886可完全取消FF的上述作用(P<0.05)。L-精氨酸的作用与FF相似(P<0.01)。结论FF可能通过激活PPAR-α,从而促进eNOS的表达及NO的释放,产生抗HGI诱导心肌肥大的作用。     

不对称二甲基精氨酸和内皮细胞功能紊乱及相关疾病的关系

在生理情况下,一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）是血管内皮细胞衍生的重要血管活性介质之一,具有保持静息血管张力、稳定血压、抑制血栓形成等重要生理功能。NO主要由一氧化氮合酶（nitric oxide synthase,NOS）家族催化左旋精氨酸（L-arginine,L-Arg）合成。NOS主要有三种亚型：神经型（nNOS）、诱导型（iNOS）和内皮型（eNOS）。NOS是钙和钙调素-依赖性的,可被乙酰胆碱、P物质、     

Nitric Oxide-Induced Apoptosis of Human Dental Pulp Cells Is Mediated by the Mitochondria-Dependent Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as a mediator and regulator of inflammatory responses. NO is produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and NOS is abundantly expressed in the human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). NO produced by NOS can be cytotoxic at higher concentrations to HDPCs. However, the mechanism by which this cytotoxic pathway is activated in cells exposed to NO is not known. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the NO-induced cytotoxic mechanism in HDPCs. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, reduced the viability of HDPCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We investigated the in vitro effects of nitric oxide on apoptosis of cultured HDPCs. Cells showed typical apoptotic morphology after exposure to SNP. Besides, the number of Annexin V positive cells was increased among the SNP-treated HDPCs. SNP enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) ameliorated the decrement of cell viability induced by SNP. However, a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor (ODQ) did not inhibited the decrement of cell viability induced by SNP. SNP increased cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression levels. Moreover, SNP-treated HDPCs elevated activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9. While pretreatment with inhibitors of caspase (z-VAD-fmk, z-DEVD-fmk) reversed the NO-induced apoptosis of HDPCs. From these results, it can be suggested that NO induces apoptosis of HDPCs through the mitochondria-dependent pathway mediated by ROS and Bcl-2 family, but not by the cyclic GMP pathway.     

晚期糖基化终末产物对人脐静脉内皮细胞分泌NO功能的影响

【摘要】 目的 探讨晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs）对人脐静脉内皮细胞一氧化氮分泌功能的影响。方法 培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,制备晚期糖基化终末产物（AGEs-HSA）。将体外培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞随机分为AGEs-HSA组和HSA（人血白蛋白）组, 分别用不同浓度的AGEs-HSA、HSA刺激内皮细胞24 h。然后用酶联免疫法分别测定细胞培养上清液中的NO含量、NOS活性、SOD活性和MDA含量。结果 1与HSA组相比,AGEs-HSA组在浓度为100、200、400 mg/L 时能够明显抑制内皮细胞NO的产生和NOS的活性,并呈浓度依赖性（P <0.05）。2与HSA组相比,AGEs-HSA组在浓度为25、50、100、200、400 mg/L 时均能够明显抑制内皮细胞SOD的活性和促进MDA含量的增加,并呈浓度依赖性（P <0.05）。3 AGEs-HSA组中在AGEs-HSA刺激浓度为400 mg/L时, NO浓度和NOS活性、SOD活性呈正相关（P <0.01）,而与MDA含量呈负相关（P <0.01）。NOS的活性与SOD活性呈正相关（P <0.01）,与MDA含量呈负相关（P <0.01）。结论 晚期糖基化终末产物能够抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞NO的分泌。其机制之一可能是AGEs介导内皮细胞发生氧化损伤致使NOS活性降低进而导致内皮细胞NO分泌下降。      

Protective effect of diphlorethohydroxycarmalol isolated from Ishige okamurae against high glucose-induced-oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

In the present study, the protective effect of diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) isolated from Ishige okamurae, a brown algae, on high glucose-induced-oxidative stress was investigated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). High concentration of glucose (30 mM) treatment induced cytotoxicity whereas DPHC prevented cells from high glucose-induced damage; restoring cell viability was significantly increased. In addition, the lipid peroxidation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) levels induced by high glucose treatment were effectively inhibited by addition of DPHC in a dose-dependent manner. DPHC also suppressed the over-expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins as well as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation induced by high glucose in HUVECs. These finding indicate that DPHC might be used as potential pharmaceutical agent which will reduce the damage caused by high glucose-induced-oxidative stress associated with diabetes.     

Amelioration of uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate-induced endothelial cell dysfunction by Klotho protein

Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a common kind of uremic toxin, is considered as a risk factor for aggravating endothelial function in CKD patients due to its oxidative activity. The anti-aging protein Klotho, which is produced by the kidneys and down-regulated in uremic conditions, has the ability to resist oxidative stress. Here, we carried out an in vitro study to investigate the deleterious effects of IS on endothelial cells and the protective role of Klotho protein. The cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with IS in the presence or absence of Klotho protein. The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were enhanced while the cell viability and production of nitric oxide (NO) were inhibited by IS in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB were increased in HUVECs treated with IS. Pretreatment with Klotho protein resulted in remarkable increase of cell viability and decrease of ROS production in IS-treated HUVECs. Like ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), Klotho protein could inhibit the IS-induced activations of p38MAPK and NF-κB. Moreover, Klotho protein could also attenuate IS-induced reduction of NO production and up-regulation of MCP-1 expression. These results suggest that IS can damage the functions of endothelial cells. Klotho protein has the ability to ameliorate the IS-induced endothelial dysfunction, which may be partly through inhibiting the ROS/p38MAPK and downstream NF-κB signaling pathways.     

2,3′,4,4′,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl impairs insulin-induced NO production partly through excessive ROS production in endothelial cells

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been reported to be associated with increased risk to hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, etc. 2,3′,4,4′,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl, known as PCB-118, is a member of coplanar PCBs which renders their structure similar to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and has dioxin-like activity. In our current study, we investigated the effect of PCB-118 exposure on nitric oxide (NO) production and the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Exposure of PCB-118 impaired insulin-induced NO production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with no significant effect on cell viability. Furthermore, PCB-118 treatment induced oxidative stress. In addition, scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 10?μM N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) partly rescued impaired insulin-induced eNOS activities and NO productions induced by PCB-118 in HUVECs. Taken together, these results indicate that PCB-118 mediates lower eNOS activity and impairs insulin-induced NO production partly through excessive ROS production in endothelial cells.     

阿司匹林对人主动脉血管内皮细胞炎性损伤的保护作用

目的：研究阿司匹林（aspirin,Asp）对脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）诱导人主动脉内皮细胞（human aortic endothelial cells,HAECs）损伤的保护作用,并进一步阐明其对一氧化氮合酶（NOS）及血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）及其相关受体信号的调控。方法：LPS建立HAECs损伤模型。苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察细胞形态;MTT法、划痕实验分析HAECs损伤修复能力;ELISA测定一氧化氮（NO）含量;Western blot检测内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、VEGF和血管内皮生长因子受体-2（VEGFR-2）蛋白表达。结果：给药12 h后Asp明显改善LPS（5 mg·L^-1）导致的细胞损伤、提高修复能力（P<0.05）,并上调NO分泌量及VEGF、VEGFR-2的蛋白表达（P<0.01）;升高eNOS蛋白的表达（P<0.01）。而给药24 h后阿司匹林显著下调LPS导致的NO分泌量及iNOS、VEGF、VEGFR-2的蛋白表达升高,同时升高eNOS蛋白的表达（P<0.01）。结论：阿司匹林对LPS诱导的血管内皮细胞炎性损伤的保护作用与调节NOS/NO和VEGF及其受体的动态平衡密切相关。     

Cytoprotective effects of CSTMP, a novel stilbene derivative, against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human endothelial cells

A novel stilbene derivative, (E)-2-(2-chlorostyryl)-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine (CSTMP), was designed and synthesized based on the pharmacophores of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) and resveratrol (RES). In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of CSTMP on vascular endothelial cells under oxidative stress and elucidated its molecular mechanisms. The radical scavenging activity of CSTMP was assessed by the DPPH test. Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) were exposed to 150 μM hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) for 12 h, resulting in a decrease of cell viability assessed by the MTT assay and an increase of apoptotic cells assessed by the nuclear staining assay and flow cytometry. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) in cells were determined by commercial kits. The expression levels of pro-apoptotic factor caspase-3 and anti-apoptotic signal ERK1/2 were detected by western blot. The results showed that CSTMP had a moderate anti-oxidative effect against the DPPH test, which was less than RES. Co-incubation with CSTMP increased the cell viability, markedly reduced the LDH leakage from the cells and decreased the lipid peroxidation. These effects of CSTMP were accompanied by increasing activity of the endogenous antioxidant enzyme SOD, the level of GSH, the production of NO and cNOS activity. Moreover, CSTMP showed stronger effects on the inhibition of apoptosis, caspase-3 expression, and the activation of phosphorylated ERK1/2 compared to RES. Furthermore, CSTMP could inhibit the expression of phospho-JNK and phospho-p38 induced by H(2)O(2). These results suggest that CSTMP prevents H(2)O(2)-induced cell injury through anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis via the MAPK and caspase-3 pathways.     

芍药内酯苷对高糖诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞损伤的保护作用

目的 研究芍药内酯苷对高糖损伤的人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）的保护作用及机制.方法 采用33mmol·L-1的高糖培养基建立HUVECs损伤模型,并在造模前给予不同浓度的芍药内酯苷进行预保护,采用MTT法检测细胞活力,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,采用试剂盒检测细胞中内源性一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）和半胱天冬酶-3（Caspase-3）活性以及培养液中一氧化氮（NO）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）含量.结果 芍药内酯苷能够剂量依赖性增强细胞活力,降低Caspase-3活性和细胞凋亡率（P＜0.05）,并能增强eNOS的活性和NO的释放量（P＜0.05）.结论 芍药内酯苷对高糖诱导的HUVEs损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与促进eNOS活性提高、NO释放量增加和抑制Caspase-3活性有关.