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1.
目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者饮食摄入种类和体力活动及其联合作用与全因死亡和特定原因死亡风险的关联。方法 2013年12月至2021年12月,对江苏省常熟市、淮安市清江浦区(原清河区)和淮安区纳入国家基本公共卫生服务管理的T2DM患者19 863人开展前瞻性队列研究。死亡信息和根本死因源于江苏省CDC死亡监测系统。利用Cox比例风险回归模型估计T2DM患者饮食摄入种类、体力活动以及联合作用与全因死亡及特定原因死亡风险的关联强度。结果 截至2021年12月31日,研究对象累计随访150 283人年,中位随访时间8.15年,随访期间共死亡3 293人,其中1 124人死于心血管疾病(CVD),875人死于肿瘤。Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,与摄入0~1种食物的T2DM患者相比,摄入5~9种食物的患者全因死亡风险降低19%[风险比(HR)=0.81,95%CI:0.70~0.94],CVD死亡风险降低33%(HR=0.67,95%CI:0.52~0.87)。与体力活动Q1组的T2DM患者相比,Q4组全因、CVD和肿瘤死亡风险分别降低50%(HR=0.50,95%CI:0.45~0.56)、50%(HR=0.50,95%CI:0.41~0.61)和27%(HR=0.73,95%CI:0.60~0.88)。联合作用显示,与摄入0~2种食物和低体力活动的T2DM患者相比,摄入4~9种食物和高体力活动的T2DM患者全因、CVD和肿瘤死亡风险分别降低55%(HR=0.45,95%CI:0.38~0.53)、56%(HR=0.44,95%CI:0.32~0.59)和40%(HR=0.60,95%CI:0.44~0.82)。结论 饮食摄入种类和体力活动及其联合作用与T2DM患者死亡风险降低相关。  相似文献   

2.
目的 探究中国成年慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者中体力活动与全因死亡、心血管疾病(CVD)死亡和CKD死亡风险的前瞻性关联。方法 利用中国慢性病前瞻性研究基线调查的数据,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析总体力活动、不同类型、不同强度体力活动水平与全因死亡、CVD死亡、CKD死亡风险的关联。结果 共纳入6 676名CKD患者,随访时间MQ1,Q3)为11.99(11.13,13.03)年,死亡698名(10.46%)。与总体力活动水平最低组相比,总体力活动水平最高组全因死亡、CVD死亡、CKD死亡风险较低,风险比(HR)值(95%CI)分别为0.61(0.47~0.80)、0.40(0.25~0.65)、0.25(0.07~0.85)。工作、交通、家务相关体力活动与全因死亡、CVD死亡风险呈不同程度的负相关。其中,与工作相关体力活动水平最低组相比,最高组全因死亡(HR=0.56,95%CI:0.38~0.82)、CVD死亡(HR=0.39,95%CI:0.20~0.74)风险较低;与交通相关体力活动水平最低组相比,最高组CVD死亡风险较低(HR=0.43,95%CI:0.22~0.84);与家务相关体力活动水平最低组相比,最高组全因死亡(HR=0.61,95%CI:0.45~0.82)、CVD死亡(HR=0.44,95%CI:0.26~0.76)、CKD死亡(HR=0.03,95%CI:0.01~0.17)风险较低;未发现休闲相关体力活动与死亡风险间的关联。低强度、中高强度体力活动均与全因死亡、CVD死亡、CKD死亡风险呈负相关,低强度体力活动水平最高组对应的HR值(95%CI)分别为0.64(0.50~0.82)、0.42(0.26~0.66)、0.29(0.10~0.83),中高强度体力活动水平最高组对应的HR值(95%CI)分别为0.63(0.48~0.82)、0.39(0.24~0.64)、0.23(0.07~0.73)。结论 体力活动可以降低CKD患者全因死亡、CVD死亡和CKD死亡的风险。  相似文献   

3.
目的 探讨海南高龄老人头发微量元素水平与全因死亡的关系。方法 研究对象来自于中国海南百岁老人队列研究的部分高龄老人,共163名。采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析头发微量元素与全因死亡的关系。结果 海南高龄老人元素硒(Se)、锰(Mn)、锶(Sr)与死亡关联的风险比(HR)差异有统计学意义,HR值分别为0.72(95%CI:0.54~0.98,P=0.035)、1.50(95%CI:1.07~2.11,P=0.020)、0.54(95%CI:0.37~0.79,P=0.001)。按贫血进行亚组和交互分析并进行多因素调整后,元素铜与贫血人群死亡关联的HR值为1.81(95%CI:1.13~2.88,P=0.013)。此外,Mn与贫血存在交互作用,HR值为0.46(95%CI:0.22~0.94,P=0.033)。结论 海南高龄老人头发Se、Mn、Sr含量与全因死亡风险增加密切相关,头发Se、Mn、Sr可作为长寿老人死亡风险预测的参考指标,提示注重高龄老人的日常饮食,应丰富多样,以维持体内微量元素含量的正常与均衡。  相似文献   

4.
目的 分析荆州市HIV/AIDS病死率及其影响因素。方法 资料来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统的艾滋病综合防治信息系统,选取现住址为荆州市、确诊时年龄≥15岁、确诊时间为1996-2021年的HIV/AIDS作为研究对象。采用乘积极限法绘制死亡曲线,Cox比例风险回归模型识别死亡的影响因素。结果 HIV/AIDS共3 304例,随访16 091.5人年,死亡893例,病死率为5.5/100人年。HIV/AIDS确诊后1、5和10年的累积死亡概率分别为15.4%、25.0%和34.6%,参加抗病毒治疗者1、5和10年的累积死亡概率为6.9%、14.4%和23.7%,未参加抗病毒治疗者1、5和10年的累积死亡概率为68.0%、90.1%和98.7%。Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,未参加抗病毒治疗者的死亡风险高于参加抗病毒治疗者(aHR=9.85,95%CI:8.19~11.85);参加抗病毒治疗者死亡的危险因素包括男性(aHR=1.64,95%CI:1.29~2.08)、确诊时年龄≥60岁(aHR=3.52,95%CI:2.38~5.20)、注射吸毒/其他途径感染(aHR=2.38,95%CI:1.30~4.34)、医疗机构发现(aHR=1.53,95%CI:1.11~2.11)和首次CD4+T淋巴细胞(CD4)计数<50个/μl(aHR=2.58,95%CI:1.87~3.58),死亡的保护因素是较高文化程度(高中/中专:aHR=0.64,95%CI:0.46~0.90;大专及以上:aHR=0.42,95%CI:0.24~0.73)。未参加抗病毒治疗者死亡的危险因素包括确诊时年龄较大(30~岁:aHR=2.32,95%CI:1.40~3.84;45~岁:aHR=2.61:95%CI:1.59~4.27;≥60岁:aHR=3.31,95%CI:2.01~5.47)、首次CD4计数较低(<50个/μl:aHR=10.47,95%CI:6.47~16.56;50~199个/μl:aHR=2.31,95%CI:1.08~4.94;200~349个/μl:aHR=2.35,95%CI:1.46~3.79)。结论 1996-2021年荆州市HIV/AIDS病死率较高,首次CD4计数、抗病毒治疗和确诊时年龄是影响HIV/AIDS死亡的主要因素,应进一步坚持扩大检测和“发现即治疗”政策,提升抗病毒治疗效果和HIV/AIDS生存率。  相似文献   

5.
目的 分析山东省HIV感染者艾滋病相关死亡的影响因素,为降低死亡风险及延长生存时间提供参考。方法 研究对象为2017-2021年山东省HIV感染者,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析艾滋病相关死亡及确证1年内死亡的影响因素。结果 2017-2021年山东省报告的14 700例HIV感染者中,发生艾滋病相关死亡351例,占2.4%(351/14 700)。多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,HIV感染者艾滋病相关死亡的危险因素包括文化程度为初、高中/中专(aHR=1.37,95%CI:1.01~1.84)、样本来源自医疗机构(aHR=1.61,95%CI:1.22~2.12)、病程为艾滋病期(aHR=9.86,95%CI:6.86~14.19)、未检测基线CD4+T淋巴细胞(CD4)(aHR=3.93,95%CI:2.69~5.75)、抗病毒治疗(ART)时间<6个月(aHR=3.46,95%CI:2.42~4.93)和未ART(aHR=1.45,95%CI:1.02~2.07)、末次CD4<200个/μl(aHR=3.51,95%CI:2.18~5.65)和末次CD4未检测(aHR=10.58,95%CI:6.15~18.19)、末次病毒载量(VL)值为50~999拷贝数/ml、≥1 000拷贝数/ml和未检测(aHR=2.59,95%CI:1.07~6.26;aHR=9.50,95%CI:5.60~16.12;aHR=15.33,95%CI:8.91~26.36);HIV感染者确证1年内发生艾滋病相关死亡风险较高的因素包括样本来源自医疗机构(aHR=1.68,95%CI:1.19~2.36)、病程为艾滋病期(aHR=10.60,95%CI:7.13~15.75)、基线CD4未检测(aHR=3.71,95%CI:2.34~5.90)、ART时间<6个月(aHR=4.30,95%CI:2.85~6.49)和未ART(aHR=2.05,95%CI:1.35~3.13)、末次CD4<200个/μl(aHR=5.45,95%CI:2.04~14.60)和末次CD4未检测(aHR=20.95,95%CI:7.69~57.04)、末次VL值为50~999、≥1 000拷贝数/ml和未检测(aHR=15.21,95%CI:2.54~91.21;aHR=42.93,95%CI:9.64~191.20;aHR=61.35,95%CI:13.85~271.77)。结论 扩大检测覆盖面,促进早发现和早治疗,加强对HIV感染者的定期随访和检测,掌握病程进展并进行精准管理和治疗,对降低HIV感染者病死率和延长生存时间有重要作用。  相似文献   

6.
目的 探讨BMI和腰围对成年人糖尿病发病的影响。方法 使用"中国慢性病前瞻性研究"(CKB)浙江省桐乡市数据,剔除基线时自报患有恶性肿瘤、心脏病、脑卒中和糖尿病患者后,纳入分析30~79岁53 916人。采用Cox比例风险模型计算糖尿病发病风险比(HR)。结果 调查对象累计随访391 512人年(平均随访7.26年)。随访期间,男性944人和女性1 643人被新诊断为糖尿病。多因素调整后,与BMI正常组的人群相比,男性超重和肥胖组糖尿病发病的HR值(95%CI)分别为2.72(95%CI:2.47~2.99)和6.27(95%CI:5.33~7.36)。女性超重和肥胖组HR值(95%CI)分别为2.19(95%CI:2.04~2.36)和3.78(95%CI:3.36~4.26);与腰围正常组的人群相比,男性Ⅰ级(85.0~89.9)和Ⅱ级中心性肥胖(≥ 90.0)组糖尿病发病的HR值(95%CI)分别为2.56(2.22~2.95)和4.66(4.14~5.24)。女性Ⅰ级(80.0~84.9)和Ⅱ级中心性肥胖(≥ 85.0)组HR值(95%CI)分别为1.99(1.80~2.21)和3.16(2.90~3.44)。结论 超重/肥胖以及中心性肥胖人群糖尿病发病风险均会升高。在开展控制体重预防糖尿病的同时,更应控制腰围。  相似文献   

7.
目的 探讨取暖固体燃料暴露及其时长与呼吸系统疾病发病风险之间的关联。方法 利用中国慢性病前瞻性研究四川省彭州市项目点数据,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析取暖固体燃料暴露及其时长与总呼吸系统疾病发病风险之间的关联,进一步分析其与呼吸系统疾病中慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、肺炎发病风险之间的关联。结果 共纳入46 082名30~79岁研究对象,冬季11 634名(25.25%)进行取暖,其中8 885名(19.28%)使用清洁燃料,2 749名(5.97%)使用固体燃料;34 448名(74.75%)不取暖。控制多个混杂因素后,Cox比例风险回归模型分析显示,与清洁燃料相比,不取暖降低总呼吸系统疾病(HR=0.81,95%CI:0.77~0.86)、COPD(HR=0.86,95%CI:0.78~0.95)、肺炎(HR=0.80,95%CI:0.74~0.86)的发病风险;固体燃料暴露增加总呼吸系统疾病的发病风险(HR=1.10,95%CI:1.01~1.20),与COPD、肺炎的发病风险无统计学关联。与没有固体燃料暴露相比,随着固体燃料暴露时长增加,总呼吸系统疾病(1~19年:HR=1.23,95%CI:1.10~1.37;20~39年:HR=1.25,95%CI:1.16~1.35;≥40年:HR=1.26,95%CI:1.15~1.39)及肺炎(1~19年:HR=1.21,95%CI:1.03~1.42;20~39年:HR=1.30,95%CI:1.16~1.46;≥40年:HR=1.35,95%CI:1.18~1.54)发病风险增加(趋势检验均P<0.001);固体燃料暴露时长1~19、20~39年使COPD的发病风险增加23%(HR=1.23,95%CI:1.02~1.49)、16%(HR=1.16,95%CI:1.00~1.35)。结论 取暖固体燃料暴露增加了总呼吸系统疾病、COPD、肺炎的发病风险。  相似文献   

8.
目的 分析我国成年人BMI和腰围与缺血性卒中发病风险的关联。方法 从2010年中国慢性病监测项目选取60个监测点人群(城市监测点25个、农村监测点35个)作为本次研究对象,共计36 632人。将2010年中国慢性病监测项目数据作为基线数据。2016-2017年对该60个监测点人群进行随访,实际完成者27 762人。采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析不同人群BMI和腰围与缺血性卒中发病风险比,敏感性分析将死亡者和高胆固醇血症者剔除。结果 共纳入26 907人进入分析,随访期间观察到缺血性卒中事件1 128例(男性491例,女性637例)。调整相关混杂因素后,以BMI正常/腰围正常者为参照,全人群和男性具有CVD危险因素人群,BMI正常/腹型肥胖组、超重/腹型肥胖组和肥胖/腹型肥胖组缺血性卒中发病风险分别增加50%(HR=1.50,95% CI:1.07~2.08)、51%(HR=1.51,95% CI:1.20~1.91)、46%(HR=1.46,95% CI:1.09~1.96)和63%(HR=1.63,95% CI:1.12~2.38)、56%(HR=1.56,95% CI:1.20~2.03)、45%(HR=1.45,95% CI:1.05~2.01),超重/腰围正常组未见发病风险增加;女性全人群和女性CVD危险因素人群,超重/腹型肥胖组和肥胖/腹型肥胖组发病风险分别增加40%(HR=1.40,95% CI:1.15~1.72)、46%(HR=1.46,95% CI:1.16~1.83)和35%(HR=1.35,95% CI:1.08~1.69)、30%(HR=1.30,95% CI:1.01~1.67),超重/腰围正常组和BMI正常/腹型肥胖组未见发病风险增加。敏感性分析结果未见变化。结论 在男性人群中,超重/肥胖且腹型肥胖或单纯腹型肥胖缺血性卒中发病风险增加;在女性人群中,超重/肥胖且腹型肥胖发病风险增加;提示在控制体重预防缺血性卒中,应将BMI和腰围进行结合来评价人群肥胖情况。  相似文献   

9.
目的 分析湖北省美沙酮维持治疗(MMT)者退出状况及影响因素。方法 选取2006年6月至2021年12月在湖北省MMT门诊入组接受MMT者,收集社会人口学资料、吸毒史、MMT等信息,对其MMT的生存资料采用Kaplan-Meier法进行单因素分析,多因素分析采用Cox比例风险回归模型。结果 本研究共纳入26 716例MMT者,男女性别比为3.34∶1(20 557∶6 159);保持治疗时间为0.01~15.72年,中位时间为2.21(95%CI:2.16~2.26)年。截至随访终点,退出治疗比例为86.75%(23 175/26 716)。MMT者入组0~、2~、4~、9~和14~年累积保持治疗概率分别为67.61%、40.24%、30.03%、15.49%和6.56%。Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,退出治疗风险较高的因素包括少数民族(HR=1.66,95%CI:1.52~1.82)、有职业(HR=1.05,95%CI:1.01~1.08)、无强制隔离戒毒史者(HR=1.04,95%CI:1.01~1.09)、入组治疗年份为2016-2021年者(HR=1.46,95%CI:1.35~1.58);退出治疗风险较低的因素包括入组时年龄≥60岁者(HR=0.56,95%CI:0.42~0.75)、大专及以上文化程度(HR=0.83,95%CI:0.75~0.91)、其他城市门诊(HR=0.90,95%CI:0.87~0.93)、吸毒年限≥20年(HR=0.72,95%CI:0.66~0.80)、日服药剂量≥90 mg(HR=0.73,95%CI:0.69~0.78)和入组治疗年份为2011-2015年者(HR=0.93,95%CI:0.89~0.97)。结论 湖北省MMT者退出治疗比例较高。退出治疗的影响因素较为复杂,MMT者的日服药剂量是在安全情况下可加以干预的因素,应在一定程度上适当维持在较高服药剂量。  相似文献   

10.
目的 探讨BMI与全死因死亡和缺血性心脏病、脑血管病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病等死因别死亡的前瞻性关联。方法 利用中国慢性病前瞻性研究队列的10个地区人群数据,剔除基线时自报患有冠心病、脑卒中、恶性肿瘤、慢性阻塞性肺病和糖尿病的个体后,纳入基线时30~79岁的研究对象共428 593人。利用Cox比例风险模型计算9组BMI人群死亡风险比值(HR)及其95%CI结果 研究人群累计随访3 085 054人年(平均随访7.2年)。随访期间男性7 862人、女性6 315人死亡。多因素调整后,与BMI(kg/m2)为20.5~22.4的人群相比,BMI<18.5(HR=1.40,95%CI:1.31~1.50)、BMI为18.5~20.4(HR=1.11,95%CI:1.05~1.17)和BMI≥35.0(HR=2.05,95%CI:1.60~2.61)的人群全死因死亡风险升高。各疾病死亡风险相对较低的BMI(kg/m2)范围:缺血性心脏病为18.5~23.9,脑血管病为<26.0,恶性肿瘤为26.0~34.9,呼吸系统疾病为24.0~25.9。结论 低体重和肥胖人群的全死因死亡与死因别死亡风险升高。人群队列更长期的随访以及更多关于BMI与主要慢性病发病风险的评估,将有助于全面了解BMI对人群健康的影响。  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.  相似文献   

12.
Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.  相似文献   

13.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).  相似文献   

14.

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.  相似文献   

17.
This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.  相似文献   

18.
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.  相似文献   

19.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2.  相似文献   

20.
Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.  相似文献   

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