青少年电子烟使用现状及影响因素研究进展

目前全球青少年电子烟使用日益普遍,中国中学生的电子烟知晓率和使用率也呈明显上升趋势。电子烟使用不仅会影响青少年自身的健康,还有可能增加其他成瘾物质的使用。青少年电子烟的使用受到个体、产品、环境等多种因素影响。研究旨在了解全球范围内青少年电子烟的使用现状,并对其影响因素进行总结,为预防青少年使用电子烟提供科学建议。     

2021年河北省在校中学生未来1年内卷烟和电子烟使用意愿影响因素分析

目的 了解河北省在校中学生未来1年卷烟和电子烟烟草使用意愿及其影响因素,为提出校园控烟干预措施提供依据。方法 于2021年8至11月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取河北省初中、普通高中和职业高中在校学生为调查对象,使用中国疾病预防控制中心制定的《2021年中国青少年烟草流行调查问卷》,调查学生基本情况、卷烟和电子烟使用情况、未来烟草使用意向、二手烟暴露和烟草广告获取等信息,分析从未尝试过吸卷烟和电子烟的学生未来1年烟草使用意愿。采用R软件进行统计学分析,烟草使用意愿率的比较采用χ2检验,烟草使用意愿影响因素的分析采用多因素Logistic回归分析模型,检验水准α=0.05。结果 48 532名从未尝试过吸烟的学生中,未来1年有烟草使用意愿的学生占比13.98%,其中,有卷烟使用意愿的学生占比7.32%,有电子烟使用意愿的学生占比11.57%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,性别、学校类型、1周零花钱多少、父母吸烟、朋友吸烟、看到教师吸烟、课堂上未接受烟草危害知识教育、存在二手烟暴露、接触媒体控烟信息均是河北省在校中学生未来1年烟草使用意愿的影响因素。结论 河北省在校中学生未来...     

2019年浙江省青少年烟草使用现况研究

目的 了解浙江省青少年烟草使用情况,为制定更有针对性的控烟干预措施提供科学依据。方法 于2019年4—6月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取浙江省60所中学共7 663名学生为研究对象,对其进行问卷调查,了解烟草使用、二手烟暴露、控烟宣传、烟草广告和促销等情况。采用SPSS 21.0软件复杂抽样模块进行数据加权和χ2检验。结果 加权后,浙江省中学生的尝试吸烟率为8.93%,现在吸烟率为2.10%。其中男生的尝试吸烟率（13.05%）和现在吸烟率（3.59%）均高于女生（4.32%、0.43%）;职业高中学生、普通高中学生、初中学生之间的尝试吸烟率（19.03%、9.97%、5.16%）和现在吸烟率（7.07%、1.36%、0.83%）的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;父母至少有一方吸烟的学生的尝试吸烟率（11.12%）和现在吸烟率（3.10%）均高于父母均不抽烟的学生（6.74%、1.10%）,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。过去7 d,中学生在家里、封闭公共场所、室外公共场所、公共交通工具的二手烟暴露率分别为32.28%、48.82%、51.94%和21.56%...     

海口市青少年电子烟与卷烟使用现况及影响因素分析

目的 了解海口市青少年卷烟及电子烟暴露现状,分析不同烟草使用行为间的联系,为当地制定青少年控烟策略、开展控烟教育提供参考依据。方法 2019年5—7月期间,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,使用全球青少年烟草调查(Global Youth Tobacco Survey, GYTS)核心问卷,对海南省海口市的初、高中及职高在校学生进行调查,使用多因素logistic回归分析电子烟使用和使用倾向的影响因素。结果 本次发放问卷3 343份,回收有效问卷3 273份,应答率97.91%。受访青少年平均年龄(14.60±1.78)岁,其中男生1 637人(50.02%),女生1 636人(49.98%)。86.22%的青少年听说过电子烟,13.29%使用过电子烟,电子烟的现在使用率为2.96%,卷烟现在吸烟率为3.27%。22.49%的青少年存在电子烟广告暴露,有该暴露经历的青少年中,表示“好友给则会使用电子烟”及“未来12个月会使用电子烟”的风险显著增加,OR分别为1.65(95%CI:1.33～2.03)和1.68(95%CI:1.31～2.15)。在对性别、年龄和零花钱数额进行调整后,卷烟的...     

江苏省青少年尝试使用电子烟与卷烟现况及影响因素分析

目的 了解江苏省青少年尝试使用电子烟与卷烟现况及其影响因素,为进一步开展校内控烟措施提供依据。方法 2019年6—10月采用多阶段整群抽样,抽取江苏省14个县(区),每个县(区)抽取3所初中、2所高中、1所职业高中,向12 389名中学生发放问卷调查。结果 江苏省在校中学生电子烟尝试使用率为9.42%,男生高于女生。Logistic回归显示,男性(OR=2.91)、城市(OR=1.52)、有更多的零花钱(OR₁=1.59,OR₂=1.32)、尝试过吸卷烟(OR=4.85)、暴露于室内(OR=1.26)与学校(OR=1.31)二手烟、被提供过免费烟草产品(OR=2.05)、暴露于电子烟广告(OR=1.19)、父母(OR=1.23)与好友(OR=1.58)中有人吸烟、看到老师在学校吸烟(OR=1.41)、好朋友给电子烟可能会使用(OR=8.64)、认为自己未来有可能使用电子烟(OR=1.31)是电子烟尝试使用行为的危险因素。具有卷烟与电子烟使用经历的中学生中,22.99%先开始吸卷烟,8.60%先开始吸电子烟。结论 江苏省青少年电子烟尝试使用行为...     

中国三城市青少年烟草广告暴露研究

目的了解杭州、太原和贵阳三个城市青少年对问接烟草广告的认知,接触烟草广告、促销和赞助的现状及其与开始吸烟之间的关系。方法本调查为横断面调查,采用分层整群抽样的方法在太原、杭州和贵阳三个城市中选取初中、高中和职业中学的在校学生作为调查对象。于2009年11—12月,采用学生自填问卷的形式,最终回收有效问卷11171份。调查内容包括个人基本情况、对间接烟草广告的认知情况、烟草广告、促销和赞助的暴露情况、烟草使用的知识、态度和行为,以及二手烟暴露的情况等。结果91．3％的调查对象至少能识别一种间接烟草广告;过去30d,88．9％的调查对象看到了烟草广告、促销或赞助;男生为88．6％,女生为89．2％。51．1％的调查对象报告在我国法律已经完全禁止进行烟草广告的媒体上看到或听到了烟草广告。销售卷烟的商店是青少年最常见到烟草广告的地方（71．4％）,其次是户外广告牌（47．3％）和电视（46．1％）,互联网位居第四（34．8％）。各种促销形式中以分支销售最常见（22．6％）。另外,对烟草广告促销活动的接受程度与开始吸烟之间存在正相关关系（r6=0．139,P〈0．01）。结论青少年对烟草广告、促销和赞助更为敏感。对烟草广告促销的接受程度越高,开始吸烟的可能性越大。建议尽快全面禁止烟草广告、促销和赞助,保护青少年远离烟草危害。     

2019年宁夏青少年烟草使用现状及影响因素分析

目的 研究宁夏青少年烟草使用情况及影响因素,为制订控烟措施提供数据支撑依据.方法 采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,在宁夏59所学校中抽取9019名学生采取自填问卷形式进行调查,使用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析.结果 宁夏青少年现在吸烟率为5.6％(95％CI:4.5％～7.0％),男生现在吸烟率(9.9％)高于女生(1...     

2019年山东省青少年烟草使用现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解山东省青少年吸烟现状及其影响因素,为提出有针对性的控烟措施提供科学依据.方法 采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样法,在全省共抽取7683名初中、高中、职高在校学生进行自填问卷调查.对样本进行复杂加权后,使用复杂抽样模块对数据进行分析.结果 山东省青少年尝试吸烟率为9.2％,现在吸烟率为2.1％,5.3％从未尝试吸烟的...     

青少年尝试电子烟对吸烟倾向影响的病例对照研究

目的分析尝试电子烟对青少年吸烟倾向的影响以及可能存在的交互作用,为制定青少年控烟措施提供参考依据。方法采用分层多阶段整群概率抽样法,于2019年9—10月抽取上海市初中、普高、职高的6 178名学生进行问卷调查,将其中有吸烟倾向者作为病例组,以性别相同、年龄相差1岁以内作为配对因素,采用1∶3个体匹配设计病例对照研究,将病例组631名和对照组1 870名纳入研究。使用条件Logistic回归进行影响因素和交互作用分析。结果调整性别、年龄等因素后,Logistic分析结果显示,中学生的吸烟倾向与好友吸烟、尝试吸烟、尝试电子烟等因素存在关联[OR值(OR值95%CI)分别为3.26(2.47～4.29)、5.90(3.76～9.24)、3.28(2.11～5.10)];交互作用分析结果显示,好友吸烟与尝试电子烟、尝试吸烟与尝试电子烟均有相乘交互作用[OR值(OR值95%CI)分别为8.62(4.90～15.17)、12.01(6.02～23.95)],无相加交互作用。结论电子烟危害宣传、同伴教育等控烟干预措施有助于改变青少年的吸烟倾向,降低青少年的烟草使用率。     

2021年云南省青少年烟草使用情况及影响因素分析

目的 通过对2021年云南省青少年烟草使用情况进行分析,了解云南省初高中学生烟草流行情况的相关影响因素,提出有针对性的建议措施,减少烟草对青少年的危害并为制定控烟政策提供科学依据。方法 采用分层多阶段整群概率抽样法分三阶段抽取云南省10个县区59所学校176个班级的8 818名初高中学生作为调查对象进行问卷调查,利用χ²检验分析不同特征的的青少年的尝试吸烟率以及现在吸烟率,应用logistic回归分析青少年现在吸烟率的影响因素。结果 2021年云南省青少年尝试吸烟率及现在吸烟率分别为24.87%和10.93%。单因素分析显示,不同性别、学校类型、年龄、城乡属性、零用钱水平、父母吸烟情况、好友吸烟情况、看过吸烟镜头情况、对吸烟让人有吸引力的看法、看过控烟信息情况的青少年尝试吸烟率及现在吸烟率的差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示除年龄外其余均是青少年现在吸烟率的影响因素(P<0.05),其中男学生、职高学生(OR=1.933,95%CI:1.374～2.720)、农村学生(OR=1.756,95%CI:1.491～2....     

Illicit and traditional drug use among ethnic minority adolescents in East London

OBJECTIVES: To explore ethnic variations in the use of illicit and traditional drugs, and the association of indicators of acculturation with drug use among an ethnically diverse representative sample of early adolescents in East London. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. METHODS: Confidential questionnaires were used to assess 2789 male and female pupils in years 7 and 9, aged 11-14 years old, from a representative sample of 28 secondary schools in East London. RESULTS: In total, 10.8% reported having ever tried illicit drugs and 7.3% reported ever using cannabis. Compared with white British adolescents, cannabis use in the previous month was significantly higher amongst black Caribbean adolescents. Lifetime cannabis use was significantly higher amongst black Caribbean and mixed ethnicity young people, but was lower amongst Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani adolescents. Living in UK for 5 years or less markedly reduced the risk of lifetime and recent cannabis use when controlled for ethnicity and social class. Glue or solvent use was reported in 3.2% of adolescents, with use significantly higher amongst Bangladeshi young people. Lifetime paan use was reported by 14.1% of the sample, and was almost completely confined to South Asian or mixed ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS: Ethnic differences in illicit drug use were found in the study population, and significant differences were found between ethnic groups often identified as 'black.' Further research is needed in understanding cultural-specific risk and protective factors in different ethnic groups, and the importance of cultural identity in mediating health risk behaviors. The high use of paan and glue/gas/solvents by Bangladeshi young people poses an unappreciated public health problem that may require targeted interventions.     

Predictors of dual method use for pregnancy and HIV prevention among adolescent South African women

INTRODUCTION: Dual contraceptive method use is advocated for adolescent women to prevent pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV. METHODS: We examined data from a nationally representative sample of South African women aged 15-24 years to establish factors associated with dual method use. RESULTS: Only 7% of current contraceptive users reported using dual methods, although this percentage increased to 28.1% when women reporting hormonal contraception and condom use at last sex were included. In multivariate analyses, having talked about condoms with a partner was most strongly associated with dual method use (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 12.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 6.1-25.1) and suggests that communication skills might be the most effective way of increasing dual method use. Difficulty in accessing condoms was associated with lower odds of dual method use (AOR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2-1.0). CONCLUSION: We conclude with recommendations to increase male involvement and encourage communication between partners for the integration of HIV prevention and other reproductive health care services.     

Psychosocial correlates of substance use among adolescents in Mersin, Turkey

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of psychosocial factors such as peer group, family and academic self-perception on smoking, alcohol and substance use by adolescents living in Mersin, Turkey. The study included a total of 3282 students from the sixth and tenth grades and college. The number of participating students required from each school was obtained through stratification, and by weighing the enrolled student population in each subgroup. The final sample was derived using a simple random sampling technique. A 45-item self-administered questionnaire was used. The questionnaire included questions about socio-demographic characteristics and lifetime and current (i.e. within the past month) use of cigarettes, alcohol, cannabis, inhalants and other illicit drugs (heroin, cocaine, sedative-hypnotic drugs, etc.). This study found that: (1) higher socio-economic status of the family increased the likelihood of smoking and alcohol use in adolescents; (2) the prevalence of alcohol use was higher in adolescents whose mothers had a higher educational level and whose mothers and fathers drank alcohol; (3) there was a significant association between substance use and having a peer who used a substance; and (4) the prevalence of smoking was significantly higher in students who perceived their academic performance to be poor. Understanding the role and importance of psychosocial factors associated with smoking, alcohol and substance use will be crucial to develop preventive measures for adolescents.     

江苏省南通市成人和青少年被动吸烟状况调查

目的了解江苏省南通市成人和青少年被动吸烟的暴露情况，为制定控烟措施、实施有效的健康教育措施提供科学依据。方法对202名18周岁以上的南通市城区居民和301名青少年进行问卷调查。结果成人被动吸烟率为31．54％，男性为30．65％，女性为32．18％。青少年尝试吸烟率为32．23％，认为被动吸烟有害健康的为8．72％；青少年中小学生、中学生、大学生的尝试吸烟率分别为10．00％、1．88％和72．00％，三组之间有统计学差异（P〈0．01）。结论南通市成人和青少年的被动吸烟状况不容乐观，应增强居民的自我保护意识，改善社会环境，以减少被动吸烟在人群中造成的危害。     

Trends in the use of mind-altering drugs among European adolescents during the Great Recession

Despite the growing evidence of health-responses to macroeconomic fluctuations, little research has been carried out on the economic reflexes of licit and illicit drug-consumption, especially among teenagers. This paper uses data on adolescents between 15 and 17 years old from 25 European countries to test, if and how, the substance-use pattern has changed during the Great Recession. The data come from two cross-sectional waves (2007 and 2011) of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) (n = 137,989 individuals). One percentage point increase in the unemployment rate is associated with an increase [decrease] in the probability of having tried inhalants and cocaine [ecstasy] at least once, by about 0.005 (95 % CI: 0.004, 0.006) and 0.001 (95 % CI: 0.0001, 0.001) [−0.001 (95 % CI: −0.001, −0.001)] respectively. Social protection expenditure reduces the use of inhalants, whereas ecstasy consumption rises. The pattern for cocaine is unclear.     

Ethnic and gender differences in drinking and smoking among London adolescents

Objectives. The study examines stages of drinking and smoking careers and transitions from initiation to regular use among adolescents, as a function of ethnic status and gender. Design. The data were collected using a confidential, self-completion questionnaire assessing onset and frequency of drinking and smoking. The sample consisted of 1777 adolescents, between the ages of 11 and 14, drawn from eight secondary schools in south-west London. Results. For both smoking and drinking, white children were more likely to have ever smoked tobacco and drunk alcohol, and were also more likely to progress from initiation to regular use than were either black or Asian children. Asian children reported the latest onset and the lowest prevalence rates for both drinking and smoking. Males reported experimenting with both cigarettes and alcohol at an earlier age than females, although a lower proportion of males report regular and lifetime involvement with both alcohol and tobacco. Furthermore, a significantly higher proportion of females who try smoking go on to do so regularly. Discussion. The importance of sociocultural factors in relation to race and gender in predicting onset and escalation of substance use is discussed. The fact that age of onset does not appear to be a significant determinant of transition rate from initiation to regular use is also explored.     

关于北京地区流动青少年艾滋病抗体检测需求的定性研究

目的 了解北京地区流动青少年对艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)抗体检测服务的需求及期望,为扩大检测相关政策的制定提供参考.方法 采用时间地点抽样法选取北京市海淀区和顺义区疾病预防控制中心所辖健康体检中心作为调查点,请所有前来进行从业人员健康证体检的16 ～24岁流动青少年匿名填写关于艾滋病检测相关服务的需求和建议问卷,然后利用SPSS 20.0及内容分析法对调查对象的开放式回答进行统计分析.结果 收集问卷606份,分析如下:31.68％ (192/606)的流动青少年提出知识贫乏,希望加强艾滋病教育;16.50％ (100/606)建议将人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)检测纳入常规体检,定期检测;13.37％ (81/606)希望可以提供免费HIV检测和治疗;12.38％(75/606)强调加强保密工作,10.89％ (66/606)提出营造公平的社会环境,反对歧视.结论 本研究结果提示需要继续加强重点人群的艾滋病健康教育,考虑将艾滋病抗体检测纳入常规体检,扩大检测,重视检测结果的告知和保密工作.