苋菜红小鼠骨髓微核试验

目的：用骨髓微核试验观察苋菜红对小鼠的毒性反应,为进一步致突变研究提供参考。方法：试验动物随机分5组,分别为阴性对照组,苋菜红低、中、高3个剂量组和阳性对照组。每组10只动物,雌雄各5只。连续ig给予不同剂量的苋菜红,观察试验期内小鼠的一般毒性症状、体质量增长情况和骨髓细胞微核率的改变。结果：实验期间动物的精神、外观均无异常。苋菜红高剂量组动物体质量在给药第2～3天下降,中、低剂量组动物体质量未见异常。苋菜红剂量在500～2000mg/kg对小鼠骨髓微核率无明显影响。结论：苋菜红对小鼠骨髓细胞无明显致突变作用。     

苋菜红小鼠骨髓微核试验

目的：用骨髓微核试验观察苋菜红对小鼠的毒性反应,为进一步致突变研究提供参考。方法：试验动物随机分5组,分别为阴性对照组,苋菜红低、中、高3个剂量组和阳性对照组。每组10只动物,雌雄各5只。连续ig给予不同剂量的苋菜红,观察试验期内小鼠的一般毒性症状、体质量增长情况和骨髓细胞微核率的改变。结果：实验期间动物的精神、外观均无异常。苋菜红高剂量组动物体质量在给药第2～3天下降,中、低剂量组动物体质量未见异常。苋菜红剂量在500～2 000 mg/kg对小鼠骨髓微核率无明显影响。结论：苋菜红对小鼠骨髓细胞无明显致突变作用。     

四氯化钛的毒性研究

四氯化钛的毒性研究杨虎张家华冯森王晓玲陈艳刘乙未四川攀枝花市卫生防疫站（６１７０６７）钛比重小，机械强度大，耐高温、耐腐蚀，因此，在宇航、造船和化工方面应用日益广泛。四氯化钛（ＴｉＣｌ４）是制备金属钛的重要材料，生产过程中产生的烟雾对呼吸道有强烈的刺...     

新药评价中彗星试验方法学研究及发展趋势

彗星试验是一项检测单细胞损伤的试验方法,近年来在毒理学研究中发展很快。对彗星试验的原理和方法,及其在新药评价遗传毒性研究、生殖毒性研究和靶器官毒理学研究中的应用进行了分析和介绍,并提出了彗星试验技术的发展趋势。     

FE复合酶的蓄积毒性及对烧伤感染创面作用的观察

目的 检测FE复合酶在动物体内的蓄积毒性及探讨不同浓度FE复合酶在烧伤感染创面上对微生物、愈合时间的作用及对肝、肾功能的可能影响。方法昆明种小鼠经口毒性试验;将每1mL含酶1．5、3活性单位的FE复合酶浸透二层纱布覆盖于烧伤感染创面上,每天换药一次,使用前、后15min行创面细菌培养,每隔一周行肝、肾功能检查。结果小鼠在染毒期间未见中毒症状出现;3活性单位／1mL的FE复合酶对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)有效,1．5活性单位／1mL的FE复合酶对其他创面分离菌均有效,愈合时间明显缩短,肝、肾功能正常。结论 FE复合酶蓄积毒性分级属弱蓄积性,可以在烧伤创面上常规安全使用的药物,具有较强的广谱杀菌能力,但要有足够的浓度才有良好的效果。     

3T3中性红摄取光毒性试验的验证研究

目的验证3T3成纤维细胞中性红摄取实验检测化学物质光毒性试验方法的可行性。方法使用两种盲样对3T3成纤维细胞进行染毒,用中性红摄取法测定细胞活性。结果 1号样品预测有潜在光毒性,2号样品预测无潜在光毒性。结论 3T3成纤维细胞中性红摄取实验可用于检测化学物质的光毒性。     

蛇胆毒性的实验研究

采取多各蛇胆浸泡于含５３％乙醇的白酒中制成混合蛇胆酒，以不同剂量给４０只小鼠（分为４组，每组１０只）灌胃，另取１０只以５３％白酒灌胃作对照，观察４８小时，以改进寇氏法求得半数致死量（ＬＤ５０）；取小鼠心，肝，肾，胃，肠作病理切片，光镜下观察各脏器病理改变，结果表明，实验组与对照组有明显差别，切片标定各脏器有不同程度的病理损害，认为蛇胆有毒，作药用时就小心掌握剂量，且不宜作食用饮用。     

三乙胺的毒性毒理学

三乙胺(Triethylamine)是一种脂肪族胺,分子式(CH_3CH_2)_3N,分子量101.19,沸点89.5℃,在15.7℃时的蒸汽压为53.33mPa,它是一种无色液体,具弱碱性(Pka=10.7),有氨样的刺激性气味.工业上广泛用作聚合反应的催化剂、溶剂和防锈剂等,在生产和使用过程中,三乙胺又可能成为一种环境污染物,对机体可能产生多种有害作用.     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯的毒性,毒理和容许浓度研究

甲基丙烯酸甲酯(Methyl methacryl-ate,MMA)用于制造各种MMA聚合物和共聚物。在国防、工业、商业和医学中得到广泛应用,对其毒性和毒理已进行了深入的研究。本文仅就这方面的研究综述如下。     

平贝雪梨保健饮料的研制及其清咽作用研究

目的：研制含平贝母与雪花梨的保健饮料并评价其清咽功能。方法：以平贝母提取物与雪花梨汁为主要原料,通过工艺设计确定配方。用功能成分含量不同的饮料分别喂饮SD大鼠30d,以急性炎症模型——大鼠足趾肿胀实验对产品的清咽功效进行评价。结果：所得保健饮料各项指标均符合相关规定,饮料中、高剂量组能够明显抑制鸡蛋清引起的大鼠足趾肿胀。结论：所研制的保健饮料工艺稳定,具有良好的清咽作用,可用于咽喉类疾病的辅助治疗。     

Study on chemical composition,anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities of extracts from Chinese pear fruit (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)

Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. belongs to the genus Pyrus, a member of Rosaceae family. It is a routine edible fruit, and also used as a folk medicine to treat cough, eliminate constipation, and relieve alcoholism. In order to clarify the active compounds of P. bretschneideri, the phytochemical study were performed. Five compounds were isolated and identified as 2β,19α-dihydroxy ursolic acid, quercitrin, dibutyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate and α-amyrin. Additionally, we investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effects of the fractions of P. bretschneideri partitioned with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, respectively. In the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test, the EtOAc fraction showed the strongest inhibition of edema formation 0.5–5 h after edema induction, followed by n-butanol. EtOAc also displayed potent anti-inflammatory activity against xylene-induced ear edema (22.03% and 43.69%, respectively) and acetic acid-induced extravasation of Evan’s blue dye (39.58% and 49.92%, respectively) at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg. While, the anti-microbial results showed that ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions exhibited strong activity against the bacteria strains. Moreover, 2β,19α-dihydroxy ursolic acid, α-amyrin and quercitrin could significantly inhibit the ear edema induced by xylene at the dose of 20 mg/kg, and exhibited moderate anti-microbial activities against the bacteria strains.     

Encephalopathy in toxicity tests on laboratory animals

Clinical signs of encephalopathy followed administration of lethal doses of a wide range of drugs, foods, pesticides and other agents in 92 reviewed studies on laboratory animals. Common signs of depression of the brain were anorexia, hypokinesia, hypothermia, prostration, ataxia, pallor, and hyporeflexia and of stimulation were convulsions, hyperreflexia, tremors, muscular spasms, and fever. Less common signs included catalepsy, exophthalmos, phonation, piloerection, bradypnea, tachypnea, automatism, flaccidity, a Straub reaction, erection of the penis, nystagmus, spacial disorientation, and hunch back. Aggressiveness took the form of fighting when animals were aggregated and occasionally automutilation when segregated. Certain signs such as vomiting and panting occurred only in cats and dogs. In chronic studies at sublethal daily doses, there were relatively few signs of encephalopathy. At autopsy, the brain was found relatively resistant to changes in weight, to hydration and to dehydration. Histologically there was no evidence of tissue encephalopathy in a third to a half of the studies. In the remaining studies, the brain was found to have participated in the general inflammatory reaction (capillary or capillary-venous congestion) to toxic doses of the agent under study. Less common histopathological reactions included thrombosis, edema, granulocytic infiltrative meningitis and cerebral abscesses.     

Heavy metal toxicity to algae under synthetic microcosm

Impact of Cu, Ni and Fe on structure and function of a synthetic microcosm, comprising of four algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlamydomonas sp., Anabaena doliolum and Oscillatoria formosa), two arthropods (Cyclops and Cypris) and a protozoan (Paramecium) was tested with respect to nutrient depletion, changes in algal population, chlorophyll a content and carbon fixation. The control (untreated) microcosm registered complete depletion of NO₃ ^- and PO₄ ^3- on day 20, when the algal population had reached its maxima in terms of cell number, chlorophyll a content and carbon fixation. Metal treated microcosm, however, showed a delayed nutrient depletion, reduced algal maxima, and lower chlorophyll a content and carbon fixation rate than the control. Of the four algae tested Chlamydomonas sp. was found to the most sensitive and Oscillatoria formosa, the most tolerant to all the metals used. The hierarchy of metal toxicity was Cu>Ni>Fe. Cu and Ni combination interacted synergistically in contrast to the antagonism of Cu+Fe and Ni+Fe. Carbon fixation was inhibited most as compared to nutrient depletion, algal number and chlorophyll a content. A comparison of the microcosm results with batch cultures using the same metals and algae revealed a similar pattern, but a reduced degree of inhibition in the former. This study therefore, demonstrates that results of laboratory toxicity bioassays can be extrapolated to the field level though with a reduced precision.     

定坤丹联合替勃龙治疗围绝经期综合征的临床研究

川贝母因其药用效果良好,被中国及世界上多个国家广泛应用于临床治疗中。但是随着川贝母药材资源需求量的急剧增长及其野生基原植物存在产量低,自然条件下种子数量少、发芽率及成活率极低等缺陷,使得川贝母野生基原植物资源处于濒危状态。以中国知网和Web of Science这两大数据库所发表的文章为基础,综述了川贝母本草学考证、野生基原植物资源分布状况及其影响因素、保育措施及利用内生真菌获得贝母类生物碱等方面的研究进展。以期从传统的保育措施及现阶段积极探索的微生物提取活性物质的角度为川贝母野生基原植物资源的保育提供发展思路,以期早日实现川贝母的供需平衡。     

A new phenylethanoid glycoside from the fruits of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Callicarpa japonica</Emphasis> Thunb. var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">luxurians</Emphasis> Rehd.

A new phenylethanoid glycoside, named acetyl forsythoside B (1), was isolated from the fruits of Callicarpa japonica Thunb. var. luxurians Rehd. (Verbenaceae) along with forsythoside B (2), brandioside (3), poliumoside (4), actioside (5), and apigenin 7-galacturonide (6). The structures of 1–6 were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data. In addition, the antioxidative activity of 1–4 and 6 was evaluated by the ferric thiocyanate method. All of the tested compounds except 6 exhibited almost the same activity as 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. The radical-scavenging effect of 1–6 on the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl was also examined. Compounds 1–5 showed almost twice the activity compared to α-tocopherol.     

钩吻的毒性及炮制减毒研究进展

目的 综述目前钩吻毒性及其炮制减毒的研究进展。方法 通过查阅国内外文献,对钩吻的毒性成分及其减毒存效的炮制方法进行了综述。结果 钩吻的毒性研究主要以成分结构研究及药理实验为主,在减毒方面主要从炮制、配伍、新型制剂技术几个方面开展研究,并取得一定的成效。结论 目前钩吻的减毒研究仍处于比较基础的阶段,需要进一步深入研究,使钩吻减毒存效技术广泛应用在钩吻开发及临床使用中,更好地造福人类健康。     

桑寄生抗炎作用的初步实验研究

目的 研究桑寄生水提物（简称SJS）对急性、亚急性及慢性炎症的影响。方法 采用冰醋酸、二甲苯复制致小鼠急性炎症模型,羧甲基纤维素（CMC）囊复制小鼠亚急性炎症模型和棉球皮下埋植复制小鼠慢性炎症模型。将动物随机、均衡分成空白对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组、桑寄生水提物高和低剂量组,通过测定腹腔冲洗液光密度（OD）值和小鼠耳廓肿胀度来评价桑寄生水提物对急性炎症期渗出和毛细血管通透性的影响;计数羧甲基纤维素囊中白细胞数量来评价桑寄生水提物对亚急性炎症期白细胞游走的影响;测定棉球肉芽组织指数来评价桑寄生水提物对慢性炎症期肉芽组织增生的影响,另取脾脏和胸腺称重,观察连续给药后桑寄生水提物对免疫器官重量的影响。结果 与模型对照组比较,桑寄生水提物高、低剂量均能显著降低冰醋酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加(P<0.05～0.01),高剂量能显著减轻二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀率（P<0.05）;高剂量能显著减少羧甲基纤维素诱导白细胞游出数量（P<0.001）;高剂量能显著降低棉球肉芽肿指数（P<0.01）;桑寄生水提物高、低剂量对脾脏和胸腺重量均无显著影响（P>0.05）。结论 桑寄生水提物对炎症不同时期均有明显的抑制作用,且连续给药对免疫器官的重量无影响。     

Modification of chromate toxicity by sulphate in duckweeds (Lemnaceae)

Two duckweed species, Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna minor, were used to measure the toxicity of chromate (100muM) at three levels of sulphate (13muM, low sulphate=LS; 410muM, normal sulphate=NS; 10,000muM, high sulphate=HS). Growth rates calculated on the basis of dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoid content were all reduced by chromate. This inhibition was the strongest under LS conditions and the weakest under HS conditions. Thus, sulphate decreases chromate toxicity-which conforms with its influence on chromate uptake reported previously (Kaszycki, P., Gabrys, H., Appenroth, K.-J., Jaglarz, A., Sedziwy, S., Walczak, T., Koloczek, H., 2005. Exogenously applied sulphate as a tool to investigate transport and reduction of chromate in the duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza. Plant Cell Environ. 28, 260-269). The three levels of sulphate were also applied during pre-cultivation of both species for 2 weeks and the consequences for chromate toxicity were tested thereafter. When S. polyrhiza was pre-cultivated in NS medium, the growth inhibition by chromate was approximately 80% of the control (no chromate) in the subsequently applied LS medium, and approximately 50% in HS. L. minor showed similar relationships but a lower overall chromate sensitivity. In comparison to the plants pre-treated in NS medium, those pre-treated in LS were more sensitive whereas those pre-treated in HS were less sensitive toward chromate. The present data demonstrate that chromate is taken up into cells of the two duckweed species by sulphate transporter(s). The rather weak influence of sulphate on chromate toxicity indicates that chromate binds to the transporters much stronger than sulphate. Moreover, the relative effects of sulphate on the chromate toxicity remain very similar regardless of pre-treatment. This confirms the conclusion from uptake experiments that pre-treatment with different levels of sulphate changes the number of sulphate transporters but their affinity remains unchanged. In summary, the influence of sulphate on the toxicity of chromate reflects mainly its influence on chromate uptake, with a negligible impact of other physiological processes.     

A new lignan glucoside from the stems of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Callicarpa japonica</Emphasis> Thunb. var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">luxurians</Emphasis> Rehd.

A new lignan glucoside (1) was isolated from the stems of Callicarpa japonica Thunb. var. luxurians Rehd. (Verbenaceae), along with six known lignan glucosides and three known triterpenoids. The chemical structure of 1 was characterized as (+)-lyoniresinol 3α-O-(6″-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside on the basis of spectroscopic data. In addition, the radical-scavenging effect of four lignans on the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl was examined. Among the tested compounds, three compounds, including 1, showed almost the same scavenging activity as that of α-tocopherol.