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The effect of different mineral frames on ectopic bone formation in mouse hind leg muscles induced by native reindeer bone morphogenetic protein 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Pekkarinen T Lindholm TS Hietala O Jalovaara P 《Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery》2005,125(1):10-15
Introduction Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) require carrier material for slow release and framing material for osteoconduction.Materials and methods The effect of a frame on early bone formation induced by partially purified native reindeer BMP in composite implants containing 3 mg of BMP, type IV collagen and tricalcium phosphate (TCP/Col/BMP) or hydroxyapatite (HA/Col/BMP) or biphasic tricalcium phosphate-hydroxyapatite (TCP/HA/Col/BMP) or biocoral (NC/Col/BMP) was evaluated using a mouse hind leg muscle pouch model. Collagen with native reindeer BMP (Col/BMP) and corresponding implants without native reindeer BMP served as controls. Evaluation was done by incorporation of 45Ca, radiographically and histologically 3 weeks after the implantation.Results None of the implants without native reindeer BMP were able to induce new bone visible on radiographs. The area of new bone formation in the Col/BMP (p=0.026) and TCP/HA/Col/BMP (p=0.012) groups was significantly greater than in the TCP/Col/BMP group. The optical density of the new bone area was significantly greater in the TCP/HA/Col/BMP group than in the TCP/Col/BMP (p=0.036) or Col/BMP (p=0.02) groups. 45Ca incorporation was many times greater in all the groups containing native reindeer BMP than in the corresponding groups without BMP. In the Col/BMP (p=0.046) and TCP/HA/Col/BMP (p=0.046) groups, 45Ca incorporation was significantly greater than in the TCP/Col/BMP group. No significant differences were found in any parameters between HA/Col/BMP and NC/Col/BMP groups and the other BMP-containing groups.Conclusions Hydroxyapatite, biocoral and biphasic tricalciumphosphate-hydroxyapatite are equally good as framing material for native reindeer BMP, while tricalciumphosphate is somewhat worse. Osteoinduction of native reindeer BMP works well with collagen alone. 相似文献
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目的在肌瓣包裹气管移植段促进血液循环重建的基础上复合重组人骨形态蛋白(rhBMP)-2,观察rhBMP-2对自体及异体移植段气管软骨的诱导作用。方法16条犬随机等分为4组,取颈部5环气管为移植段。A1组:自体复合BMP/I型胶原组;A2组:自体移植组;B1组:异体复合BMP/I型胶原组;B2组:异体移植组。术后4周取材,观察比较大体及组织学改变。结果A1组软骨再生最明显(P<0.05);A2、B1组均有不同程度的软骨再生;B2组软骨再生最少。结论在肌瓣包裹移植段气管的基础上,BMP可明显诱导移植段软骨的再生,且自体移植软骨再生明显。 相似文献
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【摘要】〓关节软骨损伤是一种常见疾病,其可导致关节炎的发生而严重影响人们的日常生活。但由于软骨缺乏血运,且不含祖干细胞,关节软骨的修复能力受到限制,至今临床上尚未有一个有效的方法来促进受损关节软骨的修复。目前,生长因子促进关节软骨修复和再生方面的研究日益受到重视,其中骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)是能够诱导骨组织形成的一个独特因子,对关节软骨的修复有促进作用。但是,BMP的作用尚处于研究阶段,仍有较多问题需解决,故有必要对BMP修复关节软骨作一综述。 相似文献
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目的研究双膦酸盐(bisphosphonate YM 175)对骨形成蛋白(bone morphogenetic protein.简称BMP)诱导骨骨吸收的抑制作用。方法 42只大白鼠背部植入BMP,诱导出异位骨后,将大白鼠分成2组,即投药组和对照组。投药组在BMP植入后第3w至第7w,双膦酸盐(YM 175)每周投药3次,剂量1(μg/kg.d)。对照组按同样的方式给予等量的生理盐水。在BMP植入第3w、 4w、7w和10w,将BMP诱导骨取出,采用TRAP和cathepsin K染色方法来观察双膦酸盐对破骨细胞的作用。结果 BMP诱导骨3w时(即未投双膦酸盐药前),在BMP植入体周边形成编织骨 (woven bone),大量破骨细胞出现在新生骨组织表面。在4 w时,双膦酸盐投药组和对照组,新生骨组织均向BMP植入体内生长,但双膦酸盐投药组的破骨细胞较对照组有减少。在10 w时,双膦酸盐投药组和对照组均可观察到骨细胞变小并且有规律地排列的板层状骨(lamellar bone)的特征。而双膦酸盐投药组,破骨细胞死亡,与对照组比较,破骨细胞数目明显减少。结论双膦酸盐对破骨细胞性骨吸收有明显的抑制作用。 相似文献
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神经切除对骨形态发生蛋白异位诱导成骨的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
[目的]通过rhBMP-2异位诱导成骨模型,观察坐骨神经和股神经切除对骨再生的影响,探讨神经支配在骨再生中的作用以及失神经所致骨折骨痂增大的部分机制。[方法]1CR小鼠36只随机分为实验组和对照组。行右侧股后部肌袋模型,实验组行右侧坐骨神经和股神经切除后植入含0.125mgrhBMP-2胶原复合物。对照组仅进行神经暴露后植入等量rhBMP-2胶原复合物。于术后7、14、21d取材,行湿重测量、放射学、生化检测、组织学观察和形态计量分析以及破骨细胞TRAP染色。[结果]湿重检测显示实验组组织块湿重明显大于对照组。X线检测实验组成骨范围较对照组明显增大,成骨组织密度不及对照组。生化检测结果显示术后第7d实验组AKP含量明显高于对照组,术后第14d,实验组钙含量高于对照组,术后21d,实验组钙、磷含量均低于对照组。组织学观察显示实验组成骨范围大于对照组,成骨后期破骨细胞活跃,骨小梁稀疏。组织形态计量分析显示实验组术后21d破骨细胞相对数增多,骨小梁体积密度、平均宽度均低于对照组。TRAP染色显示实验组破骨细胞明显较对照组活跃。[结论]在外源性BMP-2异位诱导过程中,神经切除引起骨诱导早期成骨活动的增加,在成骨中后期失神经导致破骨细胞活动增强引起骨小梁的稀疏和骨密度的降低,提示神经支配可能通过直接或间接的方式影响骨再生活动。 相似文献
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骨形态发生蛋白对兔骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨分化的定向诱导作用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
目的研究骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)对兔骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)的定向诱导作用,探讨MSCs的成软骨能力。方法分离并培养兔MSCs,BMP诱导MSCs向软骨细胞分化,观察其形态学改变及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性。将诱导后的MSCs接种PGA无纺网体外培养2周,将MSCsPGA无纺网复合体植入裸鼠背部皮下,2个月后取材,进行组织学观察。结果经BMP诱导后,MSCs的形态由长梭形向多角形和三角形转化,群体倍增时间约为3.0d。诱导5、10d后,ALP活性为0.282±0.015,0.502±0.012,明显高于对照组0.265±0.010,0.315±0.021(P<0.01),ALP染色阳性。MSCsPGA无纺网复合体植入裸鼠后,组织学可见软骨陷窝,陷窝内可见核蓝染的成软骨细胞,证实MSCs具有体内成软骨能力。结论经BMP诱导的MSCs向软骨细胞分化和增殖,在裸鼠体内可形成软骨组织。 相似文献
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目的探讨BMP-2联合低氧环境诱导BMSCs向软骨表型分化的可行性,并进一步研究其生物学机制。方法取4周龄健康清洁级雌性SD大鼠骨髓采用贴壁法体外培养BMSCs,取第2代细胞根据培养条件不同分为4组:常氧对照组(A组)、常氧加BMP-2诱导液组(B组)、低氧(O2浓度3%)对照组(C组)和低氧加BMP-2诱导液组(D组)。倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态变化,培养7、14、21 d阿利新蓝染色检测各组软骨基质糖胺聚糖(glycosaminoglycans,GAG)分泌水平,21 d时Western blot检测细胞内Ⅱ型胶原和低氧诱导因子1α(hypoxia-inducible factor 1α,HIF-1α)蛋白表达水平,RT-PCR检测成软骨、成骨以及低氧相关基因表达水平。结果诱导培养21 d,D组细胞变为类圆形,细胞密度降低,细胞周边呈陷窝样,基质包裹细胞;A、B、C组均未见上述典型变化。D组阿利新蓝染色明显较其他组深,并随诱导时间延长蓝染加深,21 d时出现成片深染蓝色,其他组各时间点仅见散在少量的淡染蓝色。Western blot检测D组细胞内Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达水平较其他组显著增高,C、D组HIF-1α蛋白表达水平较A、B组显著增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。RT-PCR检测D组成软骨分化相关指标Ⅱ型胶原α1(collagenⅡα1,COL2α1)、聚集蛋白聚糖表达最高,而B组成骨分化相关指标COL1α1、ALP、Runt相关转录因子2表达水平最高,C、D组低氧相关指标HIF-1α较A、B组显著增强,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 BMP-2联合低氧(O2浓度3%)环境可以诱导大鼠BMSCs向软骨分化,并抑制其成骨分化,HIF-1α可能是参与促软骨生成过程中的一个重要信号分子。 相似文献
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异种脱蛋白BMP复合骨修复骨缺损实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
异种骨移植常由于强烈的免疫排斥反应失败。本文报告将小牛骨经脱蛋白处理(即脱去主要的抗原物质),后再复合进去骨形成蛋白(bovineBoneMorphogeneticprotein,简称b-BMP)使其成为既无抗原性,又利于骨形成的异种脱蛋白BMP复合骨。将其植入新西兰白兔尺骨缺损(2cm),观察愈合结果。免疫学、放射学和组织学检查表明,植入异种脱蛋白BMP复合骨,各组实验动物术后无任何免疫反应。4周均显示植入骨与骨床界线模糊,8周植入骨内可见大量成片新生骨细胞及新生血管长入。实验结果表明经处理后的大块异种骨移植,不但无任何免疫排斥反应,且可达到预期修复骨缺损的目的。 相似文献
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目的 探讨携带骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)/Tet-on基因的骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)微囊与磷酸钙骨水泥(CPC)多孔支架复合后分泌BMP-2及胶原蛋白的能力. 方法 以携带BMP-2/Tet-on基因的腺病毒转染大鼠BMSCs,应用微胶囊技术包裹BMSCs.采用食盐造孔法使CPC形成多孔支架.实验分为3组(每组4个样本):实验组在CPC多孔支架上复合BMSCs-海藻酸钠-聚赖氨酸-海藻酸钠(APA)微囊复合体,阳性对照组直接培养含BMP-2/Tet-on基因的BMSCs,单纯APA-CPC组在CPC支架上接种空壳微胶囊.培养第3、6、9、12天取3组培养基用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定BMP-2的浓度.实验组固定后做硬组织切片染色观察胶原蛋白的分泌情况. 结果 培养第3、6、9、12天,实验组BMP-2浓度平均分别为(4713.98±178.50)、(3288.85±194.38)、(1292.25±300.11)、(337.19±84.49) μg/mL,阳性对照组BMP-2浓度平均分别为(4663.87±242.99)、(3250.67±293.72)、(1276.74±157.10)、(293.65±92.48) μg/mL,单纯APA-CPC组BMP-2浓度平均分别为(105.14±10.93)、(91.42±18.00)、(89.63±12.99)、(108.72±23.90) μg/mL,同一时间点3组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中实验组、阳性对照组分别与单纯APA-CPC组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而实验组与阳性对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).实验组硬组织切片染色后可观察到淡黄色类骨质、绿色胶原纤维. 结论 微囊化BMSCs在CPC中可以存活并预期表达BMP-2和胶原蛋白,可以进行下一步体内实验. 相似文献
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Temporal and spatial expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2, -4, and -7 during distraction osteogenesis in rabbits 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
The Ilizarov method of limb lengthening makes use of the fact that osteogenesis is induced at an osteotomy site when distraction is applied. It is unknown at present how the mechanical forces created by distraction are translated into biological signals. Because bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are potent inducers of osteogenesis in many experimental systems, they are obvious candidates for playing a role in this process. In this study, we investigated the temporal and spatial expression of BMP-2, -4, and -7 proteins during distraction osteogenesis using immunohistochemistry. An osteotomy was performed on the right tibiae of white New Zealand rabbits. After a delay of 7 days, distraction was started at a rate of 0.25 mm/12 h for 3 weeks, followed by a 3 week consolidation phase. Each week after osteotomy one rabbit was killed for immunohistochemical studies. Staining for BMP-2, -4, and -7 was evident before distraction was applied and was mainly localized to mesenchymal cells and osteoblastic cells in the periosteal region. After distraction was started, the typical fibrous interzone developed between the osteotomy fragments, where both intramembranous and endochondral ossification were noted. In this area, cells resembling fibroblasts and chondrocytes, but not mature osteoblasts, showed intense staining for all three BMPs. This high level of expression was maintained during the entire distraction phase and then gradually disappeared during the consolidation phase. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that BMPs play an important role in the signaling pathways that link the mechanical forces created by distraction to biological responses. 相似文献
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目的 :探讨骨形成蛋白 (BMP) 脱钙骨基质颗粒 (DBM ) -骨水泥 (BC)复合材料修复狗股骨微波灭活骨缺损后的生物学过程和归宿。方法 :对BMP DBM BC复合材料进行综合评价和植入动物体内进行了初步观察后 ,进一步对实验动物进行X射线照相、99Tcm MDP骨显像、大体标本观察、组织学观察、土霉素荧光标记和印度墨汁灌注染色观察。结果 :X射线照相 :术后随时间延长复合材料与宿主骨边界模糊程度增加。99Tcm MDP骨显像 :术后 18个月时实验侧同位素浓集仍略高于正常骨组织。大体标本 :初期可见复合材料处有充血炎性反应 ,至 9个月时炎性反应消退。组织学观察 :随时间延长 ,材料内部新生骨增多 ,“生物铆定”增强。土霉素荧光标记 :复合材料内大部分DBM所在部位呈现较强的黄色荧光。印度墨汁灌注 :复合材料内有大量的墨染血管。结论 :BMP DBM BC复合材料修复狗股骨微波灭活骨缺损后能够诱导新骨形成 ,复合材料与宿主骨最终形成“生物铆定”。 相似文献
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应用骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)修复关节软骨缺损的实验研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
目的探讨关节软骨全层缺损应用骨形态发生蛋白修复的效果。方法于2004年5月至2005年12月,30只新西兰种成年兔随机分为A,B,C三组,每只兔子左膝股骨髁间凹做一大小为4mm×5mm×2.5mm的全层关节软骨缺损。A,B组缺损内分别填充骨形态发生蛋白/纤维蛋白胶(BMP/FG)及FG,C组为空白。术后28周对缺损修复情况行大体形态、组织学和电镜观察。结果BMP/FG组,缺损组织以透明软骨修复,接近正常组织,而FG组和空白组则以纤维组织修复为主。结论BMP/FG能较好的完成关节骨软骨全层缺损的修复,并随着时间的延长修复的软骨越接近正常软骨,但修复软骨缺损的组织与邻近正常软骨组织连接性仍不是十分理想。 相似文献
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目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)诱导成骨过程中的表达。方法采用昆明鼠20只,外科手术建立股部肌袋诱导成骨模型,以左侧为实验组,右侧为对照组。实验组肌袋内植入以明胶和羟基磷灰石复合物为载体的重组人骨形态发生蛋白(rh-BMP)-20.25mg;对照组仅植入空白载体。分别于术后3、7、14和21d取材,采用免疫组织化学和Western blot法检测VEGF的表达情况。结果术后3d可见大量问充质细胞聚集,胞质出现VEGF的表达(Western blot IA=4221.323±178.672),但随着间充质细胞分化为前软骨细胞并不断成熟,VEGF在间充质细胞内的表达逐渐消失,而在成软骨细胞和软骨细胞内的表达水平迅速提高(Western blot IA=7139.558±289.347),VEGF在成熟软骨细胞中的表达最为活跃(Western blot IA=15849.848±137.462),至到新骨形成,在成骨细胞和骨细胞中仍可检测到VEGF的强烈表达(Westernbid IA=9463.268±548.453);而对照组则未检测到VEGF的表达。结论VEGF的表达贯穿BMP-2诱导成骨的全过程,并在成熟软骨细胞和成骨细胞呈现强烈表达;BMP-2具有促进VEGF合成与分泌的作用.rhBMP-2对成骨细胞VEGF表达的促进作用。 相似文献
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Takashi Kaito Tokimitsu Morimoto Yuki Mori Sadaaki Kanayama Takahiro Makino Shota Takenaka Yusuke Sakai Satoru Otsuru Yoshichika Yoshioka Hideki Yoshikawa 《The spine journal》2018,18(1):139-146
Background Context
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2/7 heterodimer is a stronger inducer of bone regeneration than individual homodimers. However, clinical application of its potent bone induction ability may be hampered if its use is accompanied by excessive inflammatory reactions.Purpose
We sought to quantitatively evaluate bone induction and inflammatory reactions by BMP heterodimer and corresponding BMP homodimers using ultra-high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and micro-computed tomography.Study Design
An experimental animal study was carried out.Methods
A total of 32 absorbable collagen sponge implantations into dorsal muscle were performed in rats of four different groups (control group, 0?µg BMP; recombinant human (rh)BMP-7 group, 3?µg rhBMP-7; rhBMP-2 group, 3?µg rhBMP-2; rhBMP-2/7 group, 3?µg rhBMP-2/7). Inflammatory reactions were evaluated by 11.7-T MRI (axial T2-weighted imaging using rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement) at postoperative days 2 and 7. Bone volumes (BVs) of the induced ectopic bone were quantified at postoperative day 7. In addition, immunohistochemical staining for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was performed in samples obtained on postoperative day 2. Bone formation (BF)-to-inflammation (IM) ratios were calculated by dividing BVs by values of inflamed areas.Results
At postoperative day 2, the mean volume of T2 high area on MRI scans in BMP-2 group was significantly larger than that in control group. In contrast, the BMP-2/7 had no difference in the mean volume of T2 high area compared with the control group; however, there was no difference between the BMP-2/7 compared with BMP-2 group. At postoperative day 7, the volumes of T2 high area were not different between the groups. Mean BV of the newly formed bone on postoperative day 7 was significantly greater in BMP-2/7 group than in BMP-7 groups. No new bone formation was observed in control group. BF-to-IM ratio in BMP-2/7 group was significantly higher than those in BMP-2 and BMP-7 homodimer groups. Immunohistochemistry experiments did not reveal differences in expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, or TNF-α in samples from BMP-2, BMP-7, and BMP-2/7 groups.Conclusions
This study demonstrated that BMP-2/7 heterodimer has stronger bone induction ability without accompanying increased inflammatory reactions (the increased BF-to-IM ratio) than those observed by BMP-2 or BMP-7 homodimers. These results suggest that BMP-2/7 heterodimer can be an alternative to BMP-2 and BMP-7 homodimers in clinical applications, although further translational studies, including whether lower doses of BMP heterodimer may produce similar bone formation compared with the BMP homodimers but produce a reduced inflammatory response, are required. 相似文献17.
目的 利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(Q-PCR)方法筛选骨形态发生蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)诱导比格犬骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)成骨分化的miRNAs,探讨过表达miRNAs对成骨分化的影响.方法 选取4只比格犬分离BMSCs原代,取培养至第3代BMSCs分为2组:对照组(用基础培养基培养)和实验组(在基础培养基中加入rhBMP-2培养7d,诱导细胞成骨分化).采用碱性磷酸酶染色法验证细胞成骨分化情况,采用Q-PCR法筛选成骨分化细胞与对照组细胞差异表达的miRNAs;随机选择其中一种低表达miRNA(miR-125b),采用Lipofectamine2000进行转染,其中实验组1转染miR-125bmimics以过表达miR-125b,其阴性对照实验组2转染mimics-NC,验证过表达miR-125b 7 d后对rhBMP-2诱导的比格犬BMSCs成骨分化的影响. 结果 成功建立比格犬BMSCs培养方法;rhBMP-2诱导比格犬BMSCs成骨分化7d后,进行Q-PCR筛选,获得表达差异相对于对照组达到2倍以上的miRNAs 41个,其中表达上调的有13个,表达下调的有28个;实验组1相对于实验组2,细胞中miR-125b表达上调4.13倍(P<0.05).转染7d后,ALP染色结果显示:实验组1细胞质中深蓝色粗大颗粒明显少于实验组2. 结论 采用Q-PCR方法筛选比格犬BMSCs成骨分化的miRNAs系统高效、准确.筛选获得的miRNAs中,miR-125b过表达能够显著抑制比格犬BMSCs的成骨分化. 相似文献
18.
转染人骨形态发生蛋白在兔骨髓间充质干细胞中的表达 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
目的采用基因转移技术将人骨形态发生蛋白7(hBMP-7)基因转染兔骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSc),检测外源基因的表达.方法常规分子生物学技术构建hBMP-7逆转录病毒载体,制备含目的基因的重组逆转录病毒液,感染兔骨髓间充质干细胞,使用原位杂交以及免疫组织化学的方法检测hBMP-7在BMSc中的表达.结果原位杂交和免疫组化检测经hBMP-7基因转染的BMSc中出现阳性结果,未转染的BMSc中未见阳性结果出现.结论采用逆转录病毒介导的方法可以将hBMP-7转染至BMSc中,并有外源性基因的表达. 相似文献
19.
基因修饰的组织工程骨修复节段性骨缺损及相关免疫学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:观察骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)基因修饰的组织工程骨修复节段性骨缺损效果及异种骨支架体内应用的安全性。方法:①制备去抗原牛松质骨块(BCB),植入小鼠股四头肌袋内,术后行淋巴细胞转化试验和组织学观察。②在腺病毒载体介导下将BMP-2基因导入兔骨髓间质干细胞后,种植到BCB支架中,构建基因修饰的组织工程骨。于兔双侧桡骨中段造成15mm骨缺损,采用5种方法进行处理:BMP-2基因转染细胞+B(B(A组);未转染细胞+重组BMP-2+BCB(B组);对照基因转染细胞+BCB(C组);未转染细胞+B(B(D组);单纯BCB(E组)。术后4、8、12周行X线、组织学和生物力学检测。结果:①BCB具有较低的抗原性和良好的组织相容性;②A组术后4周诱导生成软骨组织并向编织骨转化,12周骨缺损修复,髓腔再通,新骨强度明显优于其他各组(P〈0.01)。结论:BMP-2基因修饰的组织工程骨是修复节段性骨缺损的好方法。 相似文献
20.
Recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 enhances bone healing,guided by osteopromotive e-PTFE membranes: An experimental study in rats 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
It has been shown earlier that it is possible to improve bone healing, to regenerate previously existing bone, and to create new bone by means of an osteopromotive membrane technique. The present study addresses the question of whether it is possible to combine this technique with a locally applied factor, stimulatory to osteogenesis. Circular transosseous critical size defects in mandibles of rats were either implanted with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (rhBMP-2) or were left empty; half the number of implanted and half the number of empty defects were covered with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membrane (GORE-TEX®). Results were evaluated after 12 and 24 days of healing by a histomorphological scoring system. Implantation of rhBMP-2 alone resulted in bony bridging of the defect after only 12 days, but also in voluminous amounts of new bone outside the original defect area. When rhBMP-2 was combined with membrane, newly formed woven bone bridged the defect and the bone contour was maintained by the membrane. The combined treatment with membrane and rhBMP-2 demonstrated a significantly better bone healing than with e-PTFE membrane alone at both 12 days and 24 days of healing. It was concluded that rhBMP-2 has a strong osteoinductive potential and, in contrast to what was found earlier with other types of BMP preparations, this potential was retained when combining the rhBMP-2 with the osteopromotive membrane technique, yielding better bone healing than with the membrane alone, and at the same time maintaining the bone contour. This combination may have important therapeutic applications for osseous healing and in reconstructive surgery. The study also shows the importance of an appropriate carrier material when applying stimulatory substances to enhance bone formation in combination with a membrane. 相似文献