老年人髋部骨折术后死亡分析

目的 探讨老年髋部骨折手术患者死亡原因。方法 对267例老年人髋部骨折手术患者进行回顾性研究，分析和讨论术后患者死亡的原因，并将病人年龄、术前健康状况评估与术后病死率之间的相互关系进行统计学分析。结果 老年人髋部骨折术后病死率为5．6％，住院期间死亡10例，随访死亡5例。死亡原因依次为心脏事件、肺部感染、肺栓塞、脑梗死。统计结果显示对死亡影响最大的因素是术前健康状况。结论 严格掌握手术禁忌证，术前充分准备、纠正并存疾病、术中监测及术后积极治疗和密切观察病情是近一步降低术后病死率的重要措施。     

老年髋部骨折患者围手术期死亡原因分析

目的分析老年髋部骨折患者围手术期死亡的原因。方法回顾性分析378例60岁以上老年髋部骨折的临床资料。结果围手术期死亡28例,其中3例术前死亡,25例术后1个月内死亡。死亡原因以心肺疾病为主,占60.7%。股骨颈骨折与股骨粗隆间骨折患者病死率差异无统计学意义(P%=0.836),内固定术治疗与关节置换术治疗术后患者病死率差异有统计学意义(P=0.020),年龄<75岁与≥75岁患者病死率差异有统计学意义(P=0.042)。结论老年髋部骨折患者围手术期病死率较高,死亡原因主要为心肺疾患、高龄,采用关节置换术治疗的患者死亡风险更大。     

62例老年髋部骨折的围手术期处理

目的探讨老年人髋部骨折的围手术期治疗经验。方法对1998年10月至2006年8月我院手术治疗62例老年髋部骨折患者进行回顾性分析。结果62例均手术成功，术后住院期间死亡1例，切口感染1例。术后随访，56例能下地活动，5例能坐起。结论手术是老年人髋部骨折最有效的治疗方法，而围手术期治疗是患者康复的关键。     

80岁以上髋部骨质疏松性骨折患者院内死亡分析

目的 探讨高龄髋部骨质疏松性骨折患者院内死亡原因及其影响因素.方法 对62例80岁及以上髋部骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,包括并发疾病、美国麻醉医师协会评分(ASA评分)、骨折部位、死亡原因,统计年龄、超声心动图左心室射血分数、血气分析、血肌酐、血红蛋白等各项检查指标.结果 7例入院后因全身情况迅速恶化未手术而死亡.排除了术后死亡的3例(去除手术影响因素),存活组52例,比较两组临床数据发现ASA评级与病死率显著相关(P =0.019),患者并发肺炎、心脑血管疾病、肾功能不全以及左心室射血分数小于45％都增加髋部骨折后的病死率(P=0.013,P=0.044,P=0.048,P=0.030),80岁以上老年人髋部骨折后的院内病死率与年龄、性别、骨折类型、入院时血红蛋白水平、老年谵妄和糖尿病没有显著相关性.结论 高龄髋部骨折患者围手术期需注意预防和治疗呼吸系统、心脑血管系统疾病,同时注意调整肾脏等器官的功能,严格把握手术适应证,减少住院期间的并发症和降低病死率.     

老年病人髋部骨折手术风险

目的探讨老年病人髋部骨折围手术期风险因素与术后并发症发生率、病死率的关系。方法回顾性分析老年髋部骨折病人224例,其中股骨颈骨折手术治疗140例,患者平均年龄74．5岁（年龄60～93岁）,其中男40例,女100例;股骨转子间骨折手术治疗84例,患者平均年龄76．7岁（年龄60～100岁）,其中男23例,女61例,选择性别、年龄、术前合并症、术前天数及实验室检查和术后并发症、病死率进行SPSS13．0统计软件统计分析其相关性。结果器质性脑病和股骨颈骨折术后的肺炎、消化道并发症有统计学相关性;手术时间、器质性脑病和股骨颈骨折术后发生谵妄有统计学相关性;年龄和股骨颈骨折术后心衰有统计学相关性;肾功能不全和股骨转子间骨折术后下肢深静脉血栓形成相关;冠心病、陈旧性心梗、心衰病史和股骨转子间骨折的心衰有统计学相关性。冠心病、陈旧性心梗、心衰病史、器质性脑病、手术时间、年龄、肾功能不全是髋部骨折术后发生并发症的危险因素。结论老年病人行髋部骨折手术后并发症较多,但是病死率较低,髋部骨折手术对老年人来说是安全有效的治疗方法,但是应该重视老年病人年龄、肾功能及器质性脯病及减少手术时间。     

九十岁以上老年人髋部骨折75例临床分析

目的探讨老年人髋部骨折治疗方法。方法1997年9月～2004年3月我院骨科治疗90岁以上老年人髋部骨折75例,股骨颈骨折52例,股骨粗隆间骨折23例;手术治疗49例,非手术治疗26例;有67例(89．3%)存在一种以上的并存症。术前应积极治疗并存疾病,术中采用硬膜外麻醉,尽力缩短手术时间,术后加强护理。结果本组75例病人中,术中休克1例,无术中死亡,所有手术病人切口无感染。手术治疗组1年内死亡8例,1年内病死率为17．0%,功能优良率为87．2%;非手术治疗组1年内死亡13例,1年内病死率为59．1%,功能优良率为50．0%。结论对于90岁以上老年人髋部骨折行手术治疗能取得满意疗效。     

预后营养因子PNI对老年髋部骨折预后的预测价值

目的探讨预后营养因子(prognostic nutritional index,PNI)对老年人髋部骨折术后的预测价值。方法回顾性分析自2016年1月至2019年1月于树兰杭州医院就诊并行手术治疗的156例老年髋部骨折患者的临床资料。收集患者年龄、性别、手术方式以及术前1周患者血清白蛋白、外周血淋巴细胞数等临床资料,随访患者术后并发症、术后住院时间、术后1年死亡率。使用接受者操作特性(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线将研究对象分为两组,PNI高组(PNI≥40,n=116)及PNI低组(PNI40,n=40),并进行统计学分析,评估PNI对老年人髋部骨折预后的预测价值。结果单因素检验显示年龄、术前白蛋白数值、术前淋巴细胞数值、PNI是老年髋部骨折的预后因素,多因素分析显示年龄和PNI是老年人髋部骨折的独立预后因素。结论 PNI可作为预测老年人髋部骨折手术的预后指标。     

老年患者髋部骨折术后1年病死率及危险因素分析:一项回顾性队列研究

目的 调查老年髋部骨折患者术后1年病死率,并分析其危险因素. 方法 研究为回顾性队列研究,收集2011年～2014年因髋部骨折行手术治疗的老年(年龄≥65岁)患者信息,随访术后1年存活情况,采用Logistic回归分析筛选术后死亡的危险因素. 结果 共295名老年髋部骨折患者纳入本研究,平均年龄(78.4±6.7)岁,女性占71.5％,术前有3种以上合并症的占38％,平均随访(31.2±0.7)个月.住院期间、术后30 d、术后1年以及随访结束时病死率分别为0.7％、1.7％、3.7％和5.8％. 结论 高龄、术前合并呼吸系统疾病、既往有脑卒中病史及采用内固定手术是老年髋部骨折患者术后1年死亡的危险因素.     

老年人髋部骨折75例手术治疗体会

目的回顾与探讨手术治疗老年人髋部骨折的手术风险评估与疗效。方法 2005年3月至2010年3月手术治疗75例老年人髋部骨折患者。股骨颈骨折行人工全髋或半髋置换,转子间骨折行动力髋螺钉（dynamic hip screws,DHS）、动力髁螺钉（dynamic condylar screw,DCS）、股骨近端髓内钉（proximal femoral nail,PFN）或抗旋型-股骨近端髓内钉（proximal femoral nail-A,PFN-A）固定。结果股骨颈骨折行人工股骨头或髋关节置换术,拆线后保护下下床行走,术后20天均能自主行走,对比伤前行走功能无明显差异。2例转子间骨折男性患者因冠心病发作于麻醉诱导期死亡,1例PFN内固定患者于术后7周因负重过早,股骨颈内上端PFN-A切割出骨质致患肢活动时髋部疼痛,二次手术取出PFN-A后症状消失,其余患者于术后14天拆线出院。除2例死亡外均获得随访,随访时间6个月～5年,平均2.5年。术后6周及3个月、6个月复查,患者均于术后3～6个月恢复负重行走,患肢活动及行走功能较伤前无明显差异。结论老年人髋部骨折患者并存病多,手术风险大,手术风险评估方面需要综合分析。积极的手术治疗能显著降低病死率并提高患者生活质量,减少并发症。     

髋部骨折老年患者的护理干预

目的总结髋部骨折老年患者术后护理措施。方法分析32例髋部骨折老年患者的临床护理资料。根据老年人的生理和心理特点,有针对性地预防和控制并发症,同时加强心理护理。结果全部患者的合并症经术前处理相对稳定,27例平稳度过围术期,2例术后出现一过性老年性精神障碍,1例患肢出现深静脉血栓,1例合并肺部感染,1例95岁患者死于多器官功能衰竭。结论老年患者手术风险大,加强围术期护理是提高手术成功率、减少并发症和降低病死率的重要保证。     

老年髋关节骨折手术治疗死亡率分析

目的 总结老年髋关节骨折手术治疗的术后死亡率,探讨术后患者死亡的原因. 方法 对1999年3月至2008年1月得到随访的349例老年(60～98岁)髋关节骨折手术治疗患者进行回顾性研究,总结总体死亡率和术后1年内死亡率,分析其构成特点及术后患者死亡的原因. 结果 手术治疗老年髋关节骨折术后死亡率为8.9%(31/349),术后1年内死亡率为5.4%(19/349).围手术期死亡3例,随访期内死亡28例.死亡原因依次为心血管事件(7例)、呼吸功能衰竭(7例)、慢性疾病引起的多器官功能衰竭(5例)、肿瘤(5例)、脑血管疾病(2例)、肝硬化(2例)、感染中毒性休克(1例)、脑外伤(1例),另1例原因不详.统计结果 显示年龄、性别是影响死亡率的主要因素,股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定患者死亡率(1.8%)低于股骨近端髓内钉固定患者(17.8%),差异有统计学意义(X2=9.407,P=0.006);女性患者的股骨颈骨折发生率(59.4%)明显高于男性(41.6%),差异有统计学意义(X2=10.040,P=0.006). 结论 与相关文献比较,手术治疗老年髋关节骨折能够获得较低的死亡率.完善术前准备,选择微创的手术方法 有助于降低死亡率.     

Thirty-day mortality following hip arthroplasty for acute fracture

BACKGROUND: Hip fractures are associated with a substantial mortality rate. Previous reports on perioperative mortality associated with hip arthroplasty for the treatment of acute fracture have not documented demographic and surgical characteristics that increase the likelihood of death. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of, and associated risk factors for, perioperative death following hip arthroplasty for the treatment of acute fracture. METHODS: Data were compiled from the computerized total joint registry at a single institution to determine the mortality rate following hip arthroplasty according to age, gender, diagnosis, implant type, and fixation mode. A review of this database revealed that 7774 consecutive patients had undergone hip arthroplasty for the treatment of an acute fracture between 1969 and 1997. The medical records of all patients who had died within thirty days after hip arthroplasty were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The overall mortality rate within thirty days after hip arthroplasty for the treatment of an acute fracture was 2.4% (186 of 7774), yet notable variations in the mortality rate were seen within clinical subgroups. The thirty-day mortality rate was significantly higher for patients who had received a cemented implant, female patients, elderly patients, patients with cardiorespiratory comorbidities, and patients with intertrochanteric fractures. With the numbers available, there was no significant difference in mortality between patients who had been managed with total hip arthroplasty and those who had been managed with hemiarthroplasty. CONCLUSIONS: Hip arthroplasty for the diagnosis of acute fracture is associated with a nearly tenfold higher rate of perioperative mortality compared with elective hip arthroplasty. Medical optimization, appropriate choice of implants, and vigilant intraoperative management of these patients are essential.     

Long-term survival of surgically treated hip fracture in an Australian regional hospital

This study was undertaken to identify factors influencing outcome in elderly patients operated for hip fracture. In particular, this study examined factors related to mortality at least 30 months post-fracture. Hospital records and death registrations were analysed for 463 patients aged 60 or more years treated for hip fracture at a Queensland regional hospital between 1997 and 2001. The overall mortality for surgically treated patients was 13.7% at 100 days and 24.9% at one year Patient factors including age, gender, health status and place of residence were the predominant influences on mortality. Non-patient and process factors including delay to surgery, type of operation and type of anaesthetic had minimal impact on mortality. No major determinants of length of hospital stay were identified. Patient health status was the main determinant for surgical delay. Our results confirm the persistently high mortality in this group of patients, and suggest that the main determinants of outcome are patient- rather than process-related.     

Rate of and risk factors for acute inpatient mortality after orthopaedic surgery

BACKGROUND: Orthopaedic surgeons operate on a diverse group of patients, and many of these patients have concomitant medical problems. The purpose of this study was to identify the rate of mortality and to evaluate the risk factors associated with mortality after orthopaedic surgery. METHODS: Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey, a nationwide sample of hospital admissions, were obtained for the years 1995 through 1997. The study was limited to hospital admissions. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: The 43,215 inpatient orthopaedic operations that we evaluated were associated with a mortality rate of 0.92%. Seventy-seven percent of all deaths occurred after procedures performed for patients who were more than seventy years old, and 50% of all deaths occurred after operations performed for the treatment of hip fractures. The independent preoperative medical risk factors for death included chronic renal failure, congestive heart failure, metastasis to bone, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and osteomyelitis. The risk factors of diabetes, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, septic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis did not achieve significance. Among orthopaedic subspecialty categories, operations for tumors, trauma, and infection were associated with elevated mortality rates. In a predictive model, five critical risk factors were identified as most helpful in identifying patients at risk for death: chronic renal failure, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hip fracture, and an age of greater than seventy years. The mortality rate was 0.25% for patients with no critical risk factors. A linear increase in mortality was seen with increasing numbers of critical risk factors (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: Death is rare after orthopaedic operations. In the United States, the rate of acute mortality after inpatient orthopaedic surgical procedures is approximately 1% for all patients, 3.1% for patients with a hip fracture, and 0.5% for patients without a hip fracture. These data will aid orthopaedic surgeons in predicting operative mortality for their patients.     

Survival after hip fracture

Although it is known that overall mortality is increased after hip fracture, the influence of hip fracture risk factors on the subsequent mortality and cause of death has not been well studied. The objective of this study was to establish the survival after hip fracture in women and to assess the impact of comorbidity on mortality. We identified a complete population-based set of 2,245 incident hip fracture cases and 4,035 randomly selected population-based controls among women 50–81 years old in Sweden and followed these subjects for an average of 5 years through the Swedish National Inpatient and Cause-of-Death Registers. Information on factors related to hip fracture was obtained through linkage to hospital discharge data and through a mailed questionnaire. We studied excess mortality of hip fracture patients compared to controls using survival curves and proportional hazard regression models. During follow-up, 896 hip fracture patients (40%) and 516 (13%) controls died. The relative risk (RR) of death, adjusted for age and previous hospitalization for serious disease, was 2.3 (95% CI 2.0–2.5). Although the highest mortality risks were in the 1st 6 months post-fracture, RRs for fractures versus controls were increased for at least 6 years. Increased mortality was apparent both in those with evidence of comorbidity and those without. Hip fracture patients have a substantially increased risk of death that persists for at least 6 years post-fracture. The relative excess mortality is independent of comorbidity and known hip fracture risk factors.The authors represent the Swedish Hip Fracture Study Group, whose members include Akke Alberts, John A. Baron, Thomas Dolk, Bahman Y. Farahmand, Olof Johnell, Lena Lindén, Sverker Ljunghall, Karl Michaëlsson, Gunnar Brobert, Karl-Göran Thorngren, Mats Thorslund, Carl Zetterberg and Lena Zidén.     

Ten-year life expectancy after primary total hip replacement

We determined the ten-year life expectancy of 5831 patients who had undergone 6653 elective primary total hip replacements at a regional orthopaedic centre between April 1993 and October 2004. Using hospital, general practitioner and the local health authority records, we recorded the dates of death for those who died following surgery. The mean age at operation was 67 years (13 to 96) with a male:female ratio of 2:3. Of 1154 patients with a ten-year follow-up 340 (29.5%) had died a mean of 5.6 years (0 to 10) after surgery. Using Kaplan-Meier curves, the ten-year survival was 89% in patients under 65 years at surgery, 75% in patients aged between 65 and 74 years, and 51% in patients over 75. The standardised mortality rates were considerably higher for patients under 45 years, 20% higher for those between 45 and 64 years, and steadily reduced in patients aged 65 and over. The survival of cemented hip replacement derived from the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register Annual Report 2004 exceeds the life expectancy of patients over the age of 60 in our area, suggesting that cemented hip replacement is the procedure of choice in this population.     

Understanding mortality rates after hip fracture repair using ASA physical status in the National Hip Fracture Database

Hip fracture is the most common reason for older patients to need emergency anaesthesia and surgery. Up to one‐third of patients die in the year after hip fracture, but this view of outcome may encourage therapeutic nihilism in peri‐operative decisions and discussions. We used a multicentre national dataset to examine relative and absolute mortality rates for patients presenting with hip fracture, stratified by ASA physical status. We analysed ASA physical status, dates of surgery, death and hospital discharge for 59,369 out of 64,864 patients in the 2015 National Hip Fracture Database; 3914 (6.6%) of whom died in hospital. Rates of death in hospital were 1.8% in ASA 1–2 patients compared with 16.5% in ASA 4 patients. Survival rates for ASA 4 patients on each of the first three postoperative days were: 98.8%, 99.1% and 99.1% (compared with figures of > 99.9% in ASA 1–2 patients over these days). Survival on postoperative day 6 was 99.4% for ASA 4 patients. Nearly half (48.6%) of the 1427 patients who did not have surgery died in hospital. Although technically sound, a focus on cumulative and relative risk of mortality may frame discussions in an unduly negative fashion, discouraging surgeons and anaesthetists from offering an operation, and deterring patients and their loved ones from agreeing to it. A more optimistic and pragmatic explanation that over 98% of ASA 4 patients survive both the day of surgery and the day after it, may be more appropriate.     

老年股骨转子间骨折术后1年死亡率及危险因素分析

目的探讨老年股骨转子间骨折术后1年死亡率的影响因素。 方法回顾性研究南京医科大学第一附属医院骨科2015年01月至2017年01月采用股骨近端髓内钉治疗并获得随访的161例股骨转子间骨折患者（年龄≥60岁）资料,分析术后1年死亡率,通过病历总结分析年龄、性别、骨折类型、术前合并疾病及其数量、受伤至手术时间、术前血红蛋白浓度、白细胞数、白蛋白、血钾、尿素氮、丙氨酸氨基转移酶等资料,并进行单因素及多因素回归分析。 结果共收集资料完整患者161例,随访时间12~24个月,1年累计死亡20例,死亡率为12.4%。单因素分析显示：骨折分型、术前高血压、慢性阻塞性肺病和糖尿病、术前合并疾病的数量、术前白蛋白以及丙氨酸氨基转移酶在存活组与死亡组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素回归分析显示：术前慢性阻塞性肺病和糖尿病,以及术前白蛋白<35 g/L是影响死亡的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。 结论术前健康状况是影响老年股骨转子间骨折疗效的危险因素。改善术前健康情况,提高生活自理能力,防治术后并发症以降低老年股骨转子间骨折患者术后1年的死亡率,提高手术疗效。     

治疗方式和行走能力对高龄髋部骨折患者死亡率的影响

目的:探讨高龄髋部骨折患者治疗方式和活动能力与死亡的关系。方法:对126例高龄髋部骨折患者进行随访研究,其中男53例,女73例,年龄61~92岁,平均72.6岁。通过患者坐起时间,行走时间,手术后5周时行走时间、距离分析治疗方式与患者活动能力的关系,以及活动能力和患者死亡率的关系。结果:高龄髋部骨折住院期间死亡5例,2年随访期内死亡30例。治疗方式与患者的活动能力明显相关,术后活动能力与患者的死亡率明显相关。结论:高龄髋部骨折患者早期恢复活动能力可明显降低死亡率,关节置换可获得最好的活动恢复。     

Examining the location and cause of death within 30 days of radical prostatectomy

OBJECTIVES: To better characterize the cause and location of death after radical prostatectomy (RP), as early mortality is relatively uncommon after RP, with little known about the cause of death among men who die within 30 days of RP, and the trend toward earlier discharge after surgery means that a greater proportion of early mortality after RP may occur out of hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using the Ontario Cancer Registry, we identified 11,010 men (mean age 68 years) who had a RP in the province of Ontario between 1990 and 1999. We identified the occurrence and location of all deaths within 30 days of RP. The cause of death was obtained from death certificate information. Logistic regression was used to examine factors (age, comorbidity, year of surgery) associated with the location of death. RESULTS: Of the 11,010 men, 53 died within 30 days of RP (0.5%); of these 53 men, 28 (53%) died in hospital. Neither age, comorbidity nor year of surgery were significantly associated with location of death (P > 0.05). Major causes of death included cardiovascular disease (38%) and pulmonary embolism (13%). More than half of the patients who died out of hospital had an unknown cause of death. CONCLUSIONS: Almost half of all deaths within 30 days of RP occur out of hospital; the two most common causes of death are potentially preventable. More detailed cause-of-death information may help to identify opportunities for prevention.