胆囊结石所致胆源性急性胰腺炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术时机选择

探讨胆囊结石所致胆源性急性胰腺炎(ABP)患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗的最佳手术时机。回顾分析137例胆囊结石所致ABP患者的临床资料,按照手术时间分为两组:73例早期LC者作为A组,其中,42例轻中症ABP在发病72 h内行LC(A1组),31例重症ABP在发病72 h^2周内手术(A 2组);64例延期LC为B组,其中,39例轻中症ABP在发病72 h后行LC(B1组),25例重症ABP在发病2周后手术(B2组)。对比各组的手术情况与疗效。结果显示,MAP患者中,A1组的住院时间较B1组明显缩短(P<0.05),手术时间、术中出血量、术后(AST+ALT)水平、AKP水平、ABP复发率及并发症差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);SAP患者中,B2组的住院时间较A2组明显缩短(P<0.05),术后ABP复发率较A2组显著降低(P<0.05),其余指标无明显差异(P>0.05)。结果表明,早期(发病72 h内)LC治疗胆囊结石所致轻中度ABP安全可行,但对于重症ABP患者宜在发病2周后手术。     

胆囊结石并发急性胆源性胰腺炎早期手术治疗的体会

回顾性分析33例胆囊结石并发轻型急性胆源性胰腺炎 (ABP)患者发病早期（7d内）行胆囊切除术的临床资料。 33例患者行经腹腔镜胆囊切除术，31（93.9%）例获得成功，2例（6.1%）中转开腹胆囊切除术。术后并发肺部感染1例（3.0%），切口感染1例（3.0%）。平均住院时间为12.4d。住院期间无死亡病例。提示对胆囊结石并发ABP患者早期行胆囊切除术是安全可行的。     

胆囊结石伴急性胆源性胰腺炎的微创治疗

目的 探讨胆囊结石伴急性胆源性胰腺炎（acute biliary pancreatitis,ABP）的微创治疗方法及手术时机。方法 回顾分析我院2008年5月～2013年5月胆囊结石伴ABP122例的临床资料。先保守治疗,磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）明确胆总管有无结石梗阻,104例未发现结石者急性胰腺炎恢复后行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）。18例MRCP发现胆总管下段结石,行内镜逆行胆胰管造影（ERCP）＋十二指肠乳头括约肌切开（EST）取石＋鼻胆管引流（ENBD）治疗成功,再行LC。结果轻型106例,手术时间为发病后7～14天;重型16例,手术时间为发病后15～30天。无中转开腹、胆管损伤及死亡。其中107例随访5～8个月,无胰腺炎复发。结论对胆囊结石伴ABP应常规MRCP检查。未发现胆总管结石者待胰腺炎恢复后行LC;有胆总管结石伴梗阻者72小时内用十二指肠镜取出胆管下端嵌顿结石并ENBD,待胰腺炎恢复后再行LC;无梗阻者保守治疗胰腺炎恢复后,先行ERcP并取石,再行LC。手术时机应遵循“个体化”原则,一般轻型胰腺炎可在发病1～2周内手术。采用上述方法治疗胆囊结石伴ABP安全、有效、微创、可行。     

胆囊结石伴急性胆源性胰腺炎的腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的探讨胆囊结石伴急性胆源性胰腺炎(acute biliary pancreatitis,ABP)实施腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopiccholecystectomy,LC)的可行性及手术时机。方法1999年1月~2007年8月,行LC治疗72例胆囊结石伴ABP。56例经非手术治疗胰腺炎缓解后早期(≤2周)行LC,8例延期(1~3个月)行LC,8例非手术治疗效果不佳而急诊行LC。结果72例LC均获成功。手术时间30~135min,平均63min。术中出血量20~230ml,平均50ml。术中胆道造影5例,均成功。造影发现4例胆总管下段结石,术后行逆行性胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)联合内镜下十二指肠括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)取石成功。中转开腹1例,无围手术期死亡,无术后出血及胆漏并发症。2例术后4d急性胰腺炎复发,保守治愈。72例随访2个月~8年,平均19个月,无胰腺炎、胆总管结石复发。结论对胆囊结石伴急性胆源性胰腺炎患者,如能慎重选择病例,做好必要的围手术处理,早期实...     

急性胆源性胰腺炎的手术时机和术式探讨

目的探讨急性胆源性胰腺炎（acute biliary pancreatitis,ABP）的手术时机和术式选择。方法123例ABP患者,梗阻性31例,其中9例重症者在观察治疗24—48h后病情恶化,急诊行内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）、内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开（ES）或取石术（EST）、鼻胆管引流（ENBD）;余22例轻症者经非手术治疗病情得到控制,10d后行磁共振胰胆管造影（MRCP）、EST、ENBD,择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）、胆总管切开取石术、限期内镜胆管内支架放置术或开放根治术。非梗阻性ABP92例,均为胆囊结石、胆囊炎所致,在入院10～14d急性胰腺炎控制后行胆囊切除术60例,32例未行手术。结果31例梗阻性ABP在及时和限时行胆道引流解除梗阻后均控制了胰腺炎的进一步发展,为以后二期手术创造了良好的条件;非梗阻性ABP患者中,60例住院行一期胆囊切除术,治愈率100％。余32例保守治疗患者,1个月到1年内胰腺炎复发24例（75．0％）,均再次入院行胆囊切除术。结论ABP应根据胆道有无梗阻分型论治：梗阻性应尽早引流解除胆道梗阻,EST＋ENBD是目前理想的治疗方法;非梗阻性宜积极保守治疗,病情缓解后在同一住院期内手术。     

急诊腹腔镜手术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎

目的探讨急诊腹腔镜手术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎（acute biliary pancreatitis，ABP）可行性及疗效。方法2001年5月～2005年12月对87例ABP行急诊腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC）；对胆总管结石和（或）胆总管增宽者，行腹腔镜胆总管探查术（laparoscopic common bile duct exploration，LCBDE）并置T管引流。结果手术成功75例，其中单纯LC 20例，LC联合LCBDE 55例（49例同时行胰腺被膜切开、腹腔置管灌洗引流术）；中转开腹手术12例。87例随访3～58个月，平均28．2月，无手术并发症和（或）胰腺炎及胆总管结石复发。结论急诊腹腔镜手术治疗ABP安全可行，疗效明确。     

LC术中结石滑人胆总管并发急性胆源性胰腺炎的诊治

腹腔镜胆囊切除术（1aparoscopic cholecystectomy,Lc）目前已成为治疗胆囊结石的金标准,但术中胆囊结石滑人胆总管引起继发性胆总管结石,可导致急性胆源性胰腺炎（acute biliary pancreatitis,ABP）的发生。本文回顾分析我院2005年1月～2008年1月6例LC术中胆囊结石滑入胆总管诱发ABP的临床资料,以供读者借鉴。     

急性胆源性胰腺炎189例分析

目的探讨腹腔镜、十二指肠镜联合治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎（acute biliary pancreatitis,ABP）的治疗时机及治疗方法,推荐ABP的合理治疗方案。方法回顾性分析ABP患者189例,其中轻型胰腺炎163例,在综合治疗的基础上,采用单纯腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）68例,单纯内镜逆行胰胆管造影（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP）下内镜乳头括约肌切开术（endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST）取石治疗39例,十二指肠镜、腹腔镜联合微创治疗56例。重症胰腺炎26例,行ERCP＋内镜鼻胆管引流（endoscopic nasobiliary drainage,ENBD）14例,单纯保守治疗12例。结果 163例轻型ABP患者6,8例LC除中转开腹3例外均获成功;单纯ERCP＋EST治疗39例取石成功;十二指肠镜、腹腔镜联合微创治疗56例,中转开腹2例,无围手术期死亡,无术后出血及胆漏并发症。26例重症胰腺炎中,行ERCP＋ENBD 14例均获成功;12例保守治疗患者中1例死亡,余治愈。结论对于ABP患者,做好充足的围手术准备,早期实施LC或ERCP＋LC是首选治疗方式。重型胰腺炎患者早期提倡实施个体化治疗方案。     

胃癌切除术后早期并发重症急性胰腺炎的临床分析

1998年至2008年我院对1257例胃癌病人行各类胃切除手术,其中有7例病人术后早期（2周内）并发重症急性胰腺炎（severe acute pancreatitis,SAP）。术后早期并发SAP,发病急、进展快,且临床诊断困难,往往被误诊为术后其他并发症，导致病情延误，从而失去有效的抢救时机。     

胆囊结石合并急性胰腺炎早期和延期LC临床疗效分析

目的：探讨胆囊结石合并轻中度急性胰腺炎实施早期腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC)的可行性及手术时机。方法：21例胆囊结石伴轻中度胰腺炎在确诊后经保守治疗病情平稳，发病48 h内行LC术（早期LC组），并与58例延期LC组的临床资料作对照研究。结果： LC手术均获成功；早期LC组术后1，3，5，7 d谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶及碱性磷酸酶与保守延期手术组入院治疗第1，3，5，7天比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。早期手术组住院时间明显缩短（P<0.05）。术后急性胰腺炎复发率两组间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：明确排除胆总管结石，胆囊结石合并轻中度急性胰腺炎在发病48 h内行LC是安全可行的。

     

早期腹腔镜胆囊切除术在急性胆源性胰腺炎中的应用

目的 探讨早期腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2014年4月我院收治的急性胆源性胰腺炎患者共136例,根据手术选择时间,分为早期手术组（ELC组,入院后5d内行LC）76例和择期手术组（ILC组,出院1个月以上择期行LC）60例,比较两组在手术难度、手术时间、中转开腹率、术后并发症发生率、住院天数和费用的不同。结果 ELC组和ILC组在手术难度、手术时间、中转开腹率、术后并发症发生率上并没有统计学差异（P＞0.05）,而ELC组的住院天数和住院费用明显低于ILC组（P＜0.05）,且ILC组有35.0%的患者在等待手术过程中因胆源性胰腺炎复发入院。结论 对于急性胆源性胰腺炎患者,早期施行LC术并没有增加手术难度、手术时间、中转开腹率和术后并发症发生率,相反大大降低了住院时间和住院费用。     

Comparative evaluation of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for mild gallstone pancreatitis vs acute cholecystitis

Aim-Background

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) during index admission for acute cholecystitis (AC) is now an established procedure, but timing for LC in gallstone-induced acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) is still controversial. Interval cholecystectomy is justified in cases of severe pancreatitis, however, in patients with mild disease, which constitute the majority (80%) of the cases, patients can safely be operated during the index admission. The profile of patients with mild gallstone pancreatitis and AC appears to be similar, since both are complications of gallstone disease. The LC in both situations is equally challenging, due to risk of inflammation and adhesions. However, both conditions are likely to benefit from early LC, in terms of rapid recovery and shortened hospital stay. But no author has compared the outcome of LC in these two similar clinical entities in the past. Hence the present study compares the outcome of LC in case of mild ABP versus AC.

Materials and Methods

This prospective study was conducted on 77 patients undergoing LC for AC with or without pancreatitis, during index admission. Cases were divided into two groups of mild ABP (n=25) and AC (n=52). Both groups were compared with respect to the clinical presentation, timing of cholecystectomy, operative findings, duration of surgery, difficulty in dissection, intra-operative or postoperative complications, duration of hospital stay and outcome at time of discharge.

Results

The majority of patients in both groups underwent successful LC. Both groups were comparable, with respect to demographic profile, mean duration of surgery, gallbladder adhesions (32% vs 29%), thickened edematous gallbladder (76% vs 71%), difficult dissection (32% vs 29%) and need of conversion to open procedure (16% vs 17%). Both groups were also comparable, with respect to intra-operative complications (8% vs 10%). Post operative recovery was prolonged in case of ABP, in comparison to AC, but was not significant statistically (p >0.05). Total post-operative complications were significantly more in ABP group (p <0.01). Post operative stay (mean days 2.76 vs 2.34), as well as total hospital stay (mean days 7.24 vs 5.15) was significantly prolonged in cases with ABP (p <0.05).

Conclusion

LC can be safely performed during index admission in patients with mild ABP as can be done in cases of AC.

     

中度急性胰腺炎临床特征分析

目的探讨中度急性胰腺炎的临床特征。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至12月,青海省交通医院普通外科收治的103例急性胰腺炎（acute pancreatitis,AP）患者临床资料,根据国际AP专题研讨会最新修订的诊断和分类标准（2012年,美国亚特兰大）诊断为轻度急性胰腺炎（mildacutepancreatitis,MAP）61例、中度急性胰腺炎（moderately severe acute pancreatitis,MSAP）25例、重度急性胰腺炎（severe acute pancreatitis,SAP）17例,对比三组患者一般资料、局部并发症发生此例、器官功能衰竭发生比例、入住ICU比例和天数、干预措施、住院天数、病死率。结果三组患者性别、年龄和病因学情况差异均无统计学意义,但MSAP组APACHEⅡ评分显著高于MAP组,同时低于SAP组（均P〈0．05）。MAP、MSAP和SAP三组出现局部并发症的比例分别为0、92．0％（23125）和76．5％（13／17）（P〈0．05）。MAP组无器官功能表竭发生,MSAP组5例出现一过性（〈48h）器官功能表竭,SAP组均出观特续性（〉48h）器官功能衰竭,SAP组器官功能衰竭比例显著高于MSAP组（P〈0．05）。MAP组无入住ICU病例,均无需介入、内镜或外科干预,无死亡病例。MSAP组入住ICU此例、ICU时间、住院时间和病死率显著低于SAP组（P〈0．05）。结论中度急性胰腺炎为有别于轻度和重度急性胰腺炎的独立类型,伴有局部并发症或一过性（48h内）器官功能表竭,但病死率较低,预后明显好于重度急性胰腺炎。     

胆源性胰腺炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术及手术时机（附78例报告）

目的：探讨急性胆源性胰腺炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）的可行性及手术时机选择。方法：回顾分析急性胆源性胰腺炎78例患者在两周内行LC的临床资料和治疗结果。结果：全组患者均行LC,8例术中粘连较重,经仔细分离,平均手术时间约90min,其余手术难度不大,平均手术时间40min,术后无并发症发生,均治愈出院。随访1年,无一例胰腺炎复发。结论：胆源性胰腺炎患者行LC应选择在两周内,手术安全可行。     

猫不同类型急性胰腺炎心肌酶谱的变化

目的　探讨猫不同类型急性胰腺炎 (AP)时心肌酶谱的变化。方法　将 2 8只杂种猫分成 3组 :( 1)重型急性胰腺炎 (SAP)组 ,用猫自身胆汁加等量 3 0mmol/L去氧胆酸钠复合液以 2 0kPa恒定压力逆行注入胰管内 ,诱发重型急性胰腺炎模型 ;( 2 )轻型急性胰腺炎 (MAP)组 ,除注射压力为 3kPa以外 ,其余操作同SAP ;( 3 )对照组 (CG) ,开腹翻动胰腺 8～ 10次。观察 18h后取标本 ,分别测定各组血淀粉酶 (AML)、激酸激酶 (CK)及其同工酶 (CK MB)、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)及其同工酶 1(LDH1)的变化 ,并观察各组腹水量、胰腺和心肌病理改变。结果　SAP时AML、CK、CK MB、LDH及LDH1均非常显著高于MAP和CG组 (P <0 .0 1)。各组腹水量、胰腺和心肌病理变化 ,SAP组明显重于MAP组。结论　AP不论轻重均伴有心脏损伤 ,其损伤程度与AP的类型呈正相关 ,SAP对心脏的影响较MAP大。     

动态检测血清白介素-18对急性胰腺炎病情及预后评价的意义

目的 探索急性胰腺炎患者血清中自介素-18(IL-18)水平变化情况,及其与患者入院时APACHE Ⅱ评分及患者预后之间的关系.方法 按照急性胰腺炎的临床诊断及分级标准分组选择AP患者34例,其中重症胰腺炎(SAP)患者12例,轻型急性胰腺炎(MAP)患者22例,正常对照组16例.用ELISA法检测血清IL-18浓度.结果 血清中IL-18浓度在MAP和SAP两组患者之间均存在统计学差异(P<0.01),SAP组明显高于MAP组,且IL-18水平动态变化与APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关.结论 血清IL-18参与了急性胰腺炎的炎症反应过程,可以作为预测急性胰腺炎严重程度的指标.     

Timing of cholecystectomy for acute biliary pancreatitis: outcomes of cholecystectomy on first admission and after recurrent biliary pancreatitis

Abstract Biliary stones are the leading cause of acute pancreatitis. Although cholecystectomy and selective endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) comprise the current treatment in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP), the time of intervention is still controversial. In this study we evaluated the outcomes of cholecystectomy on first admission for ABP and in patients with recurrent biliary pancreatitis. A series of 43 patients with ABP between January 1997 and November 2000 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were classified into two groups. Group I included 27 patients who underwent cholecystectomy on first admission before discharge from the hospital. Group II comprised 16 patients who had recurrent biliary pancreatitis and then underwent cholecystectomy. The severity of the pancreatitis was determined by Ranson’s criteria. Age, gender, length of hospital stay, severity of pancreatitis, amylase level, and complications of cholecystectomy were evaluated in both groups. Patients in group I underwent cholecystectomy during the original hospital admission and patients in group II during an admission for a recurrence. There were 24 patients with a Ranson’s score ≤ 3 in group I and 12 in group II. The mean hospital stays were 15.29 days (range 4–48 days) and 36.66 days (range 15–123 days) in groups I and II, respectively (p = 0.006). Morbidity was 11% without mortality in group I and 43% with one mortality in group II (p = 0.023). Definitive treatment of ABP can be accomplished effectively and safely by cholecystectomy following clinical improvement, with selective ERC performed during the first admission (delayed cholecystectomy). Waiting to perform cholecystectomy (interval cholecystectomy) may result in recurrent biliary pancreatitis, which may increase morbidity and the length of the hospital stay. Electronic Publication     

Diagnosis of severity as a basic parameter in the treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: Acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) still retains high morbidity (15-50%) and mortality (20-35%). Therefore it appears to be crucial to clearly assess the aetiological factors (50% of idiopathic are in fact biliary pancreatitis) and to establish their severity in order to plan the appropriate treatment. METHODS: 58 ABP patients were diagnosed by ultrasound (77.5%) or by laboratory findings (22.4%). Following Ranson and APACHE II scoring 17 cases (29.3%) were classified as severe, 41 (70.6%) as mild. All patients with severe ABP, had emergency ERCP + ES (within 24-48 hrs) followed by LC (< or = 10 days). Patients with mild ABP had LC within 10 days; in these cases IOC was always done. RESULTS: In severe cases operative endoscopy cured pancreatic inflammation in 12 cases. Subsequent LC never showed serious morbidity, apart from subcutaneous emphysema in one case. In 5 cases laparotomy was required since pancreatic necrosis was present, with 60% mortality. In patients with mild pancreatitis LC was successfully performed in all cases, with 7.3% morbidity. IOC showed choledochal stones in 31.7% of cases, while in severe cases stones in the biliary tree were shown in 88.2% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion ABP treatment is always surgical, and almost always with minimally-invasive procedures in severe cases (ERCP + ES with LC < or = 10 days) if surgery is performed within 24-48 hrs as well as in mild cases (LC + IOC) when surgery is done within 10 days.