先天性胆总管囊肿的MRCP诊断

目的探讨利用磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)的方法对先天性胆总管囊肿进行诊断.方法对23例经手术及临床证实的,应用MRCP方法诊断先天性胆总管囊肿的病例进行回顾性分析.其中男性5例,女性18例.最大年龄15岁8个月,最小年龄5个月.用T2加权自旋回波序列,并应用MIP重建技术作MRCP检查,分析其扩张胆管的部位及程度,并应用Todani分型法进行分型.结果23例用MRCP方法诊断为先天性胆总管囊肿并进行分型的病例,其检查结果与手术结果一致.其中,Ⅰ型10例,Ⅱ型1例,ⅣA型11例,Ⅴ型1例.结论MRCP检查胰胆管影像学诊断技术具有无创伤性、无需造影剂、快速简便的优点,是诊断先天性胆总管囊肿的一种理想方法.     

成人先天性胆总管囊肿的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨成年人先天性胆总管囊肿（CCC）的特点及诊断和治疗要点.方法 对我院普外科1996年1月-2011年1月收治的14例成年人先天性胆总管囊肿患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.患者术前B超确诊率为92.9%,CT确诊率为75.0%,内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）、磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）的确诊率为100%.14例患者中有13例行手术治疗,其中行胆总管囊肿完整或部分切除＋肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术12例.结果 随访10例（71.4%）,平均随访36个月,未发现有恶变病例.结论 B超为先天性胆总管囊肿首选检查,CT、ERCP、MRCP各有其诊断价值.手术为成年人先天性胆总管囊肿的治疗方式,早期手术为关键,胆总管囊肿完整或部分切除＋肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术为其首选手术方法.     

MRCP在先天性胆总管囊肿诊断与治疗中的应用价值

目的：探讨磁共振胆胰管成像（MRCP）在小儿先天性胆总管囊肿（CCC）诊断与手术治疗中的应用价值。方法：应用美国GE公司Signa MR／I Echo plus 1．5T超导型磁共振扫描仪及相关软件和水成像技术，检查了18例小儿先天性胆总管囊肿患者，确诊后16例Ⅰ型患者施行了囊肿切除，肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术，2例Ⅳ型患者施行了囊肿切除肝门部狭窄胆管整形，胆肠Roux-Y吻合术。结果：18例CCC患儿术前行MRCP检查，可充分清晰显示出扩张的肝内外胆管系统及部份胰管的解剖形态，18例患儿均存在不同程度的胆总管扩张，直径1．3-20cm，按Todani分型Ⅰ型16例，Ⅳ型2例，术中所见与MRCP影像相符合。结论：MRCP三维图像能清晰显示出CCC患儿扩张的肝内外胆管系统及部份胰管的解剖形态，有利于本病的确诊及分型，并可指导选择手术方法。     

成人先天性胆总管囊肿临床特点、诊断及治疗分析

目的探讨成人先天性胆总管囊肿的临床特点、诊断及治疗。方法对我院自2001年3月～2011年3月间共收治的26例成人先天性胆总管囊肿患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。患者术前经B超、CT、MRCP、ERCP检查确诊,23例行胆囊切除＋囊肿切除肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合;1例行囊肿切除肝总管十二指肠吻合;1例行左半肝＋囊肿切除右肝管空肠吻合;1例因患者全身状况极差且伴有严重的胆道感染行囊肿外引流,半年后行二期囊肿切除＋肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合。结果本组患者均手术治疗,术后发生胆瘘1例,未发现恶变病例,术后出现胆道感染1例。结论先天性胆总管囊肿女性多见,胰胆管合流异常是本病主要因素,胆总管囊肿无特异性生化诊断指标,诊断主要包括临床表现、B超、CT、ERCP、磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）等,本病一经确诊应尽早手术治疗,胆总管囊肿切除＋肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术是目前最理想的手术方式。     

先天性胆道扩张症24例诊断与治疗

目的探讨先天性胆道扩张症的病因和诊治方法。方法对24例先天性胆道扩张症患儿的诊治进行回顾性分析。结果术前22例经B超确诊为胆道扩张症,行CT检查10例,磁共振胆胰管成像（MRCP）检查4例,结果均与B超检查结果一致。23例行1期根治手术,1例行1期T管引流术,3个月后行2期根治手术。根治手术方式均为胆总管囊肿切除＋胆总管空肠吻合术,其中胆总管空肠Roux—Y吻合术22例,胆总管空肠弧吻合术2例。全组均治愈,无重大并发症,预后良好。结论B超是诊断先天性胆道扩张症的首选方法,胆总管囊肿切除＋胆总管空肠吻合术是治疗先天性胆道扩张症的首选方法。     

婴儿先天性胆总管囊肿的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨婴儿先天性胆总管囊肿诊断和治疗的方法。方法：回顾性分析16例婴儿先天性胆总管囊肿的诊断和治疗。结果：B超确诊15例（93.8%)。CT检查2例，MRI检查2例和MRCP检查5例均确诊。15例手术治疗，1例放弃治疗。胆总管囊形扩张13例，梭形扩张2例，痊愈12例，术后吻合口梗阻1例，早期肝硬化死亡3例。结论：及早解除胆道梗阻可使肝功能损害逆转，因此婴儿胆总管囊肿应早期手术治疗。     

低场磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）在胆管梗阻性病变中的诊断价值

目的探讨低场磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）对胆管梗阻性病变的诊断作用。方法对47例经手术病理证实的胆管梗阻性病变的MRCP表现进行回顾性分析。结果低场MRCP显示胆管梗阻的定位正确率100％，定性诊断准确率为89％。结论低场MRCP对胆管结石、恶性胆管梗阻以及先天性胆总管囊肿、医源性胆管梗阻等胆系疾病的诊断价值高于其它影像检查。低场MRI设备运行成本低廉、安全，具有重要的临床应用价值。     

16例先天性胆总管囊肿的诊治

目的：探讨先天性胆总管囊肿的诊治．方法：回顾性分析本院近20年收治的先天性胆总管囊肿病人16例，腹部B超、CT可确诊，ERCP和MRCP有助于分型和选择手术方式．结果：Ⅰ型7例，Ⅱ型1例，Ⅲ型1例，IV型2例，V型5例．行胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术10例，无并发症，余6例对症治疗后好转。结论：重视先天性胆总管囊肿的诊治，选择合理的术式，加强术后随访，有助于减少术后并发症，探索新的治疗方法。     

MRI及MRCP诊断胆总管结石的临床应用价值

目的:探讨磁共振成像(MRI)和磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)在胆石症病人中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析35例经MRI及MRCP检查并经手术最后诊断证实的胆总管结石。结果:5例未见胆总管结石,7例显示胆总管多发结石,23例显示胆总管单发结石。结论:MRI及MRCP不需造影剂,无相关并发症,故对胆石症病人的诊断安全可靠。MRCP结合MRI可有效提高对胆总管结石判断的准确性。     

先天性胆总管囊肿并发肝脏损害的磁共振诊断及病理分析

目的分析先天性胆总管囊肿并发肝脏损害的磁共振（MRI）诊断价值及病理基础。方法用SIEMENSSONATA1．5T超导磁共振扫描机，采用平均矢状位自旋回波序列（SE）T1WI，快速自旋回波序列（FSE）T2WI，True fisp（真稳态自由进动快速成像），MRCP（磁共振水成像）及二乙三胺五乙酸乳（Gd—DTPA）增强检查，回顾性分析12例先天性胆总管囊肿并发肝脏损害的MRI表现，结合手术及文献对其病理基础进行分析。结果MRI对12例先天性胆总管囊肿的定位、分型及周围结构关系与手术所见一致，其准确性、敏感性及特异性均达到100％。7例出现并发肝脏损害后肝硬化改变，占总病例的58．3％，MRI反映肝硬化的各种信号特点与病理结果相近。结论MRI作为无创性检查手段，能够对先天性胆总管囊肿的形态、部位及与周围结构关系作出准确诊断，可以对肝脏损害并发肝硬化作出较好的评价，并能反映其病理特征。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.