带蒂骨瓣移位术治疗距骨缺血性坏死

为探讨治疗距骨缺血性坏死的有效方法，采用带蒂骨瓣移位术治疗距骨缺血性坏死２４例，９例采用内踝前动脉蒂第１楔骨瓣，４例采用跗内侧动脉蒂第１楔骨瓣，１１例采用跗外侧动脉蒂骰骨瓣。术后随访３年～５年６个月，优１６例，良４例，差４例，有效率为８３．３％。认为，带蒂骨瓣移位术是治疗距骨缺血性坏死的有效方法     

跗外侧血管蒂骰骨瓣移位术的临床应用

目的 为寻求和解决踝足部骨缺损,骨不连,距骨骨折脱位和距骨体缺血性坏死等疑难病例的有效疗法,方法 通过３０侧下肢标本解剖观测了供应骰骨背侧血管的来源,走行,分支和吻合。设计以跗外侧血管为蒂的骰骨瓣移位植骨术治疗有关疾患共２９例,结果 临床实践证实疗效满意,有７例经１～８年随访,其中优良率达９６％,结论 带跗外侧血管骰骨瓣具有解剖位置表浅,手术操作简便,效果可靠等优点,为修复踝骨部病组损提供一定好供     

Vascularized Bone Autograft for the Treatment of Chondroblastoma of the Talus at Imminent Risk of Joint Breakdown: Three Case Reports

Surgical treatment options in a chondroblastoma of the talus breaching the subchondral layer with imminent risk of talar collapse in the weightbearing area are limited. A joint-preserving surgery should be advocated. Because current treatment options such as curettage, cryosurgery, or radiofrequency ablation may not be able to prevent a talar dome breakdown in large defects, nonvascularized bone grafting has been advocated to fill the void. To overcome the lack of vitality, a vascularized bone autograft might be an attractive alternative. We present 3 cases where a large talar defect owing to a chondroblastoma was treated with a vascularized bone autograft. In 1 of the cases, a free microvascular iliac crest bone graft was used, whereas in the other 2 cases, a vascularized graft was harvested from the medial femoral condyle. Computed tomographic scans demonstrated a stable incorporation of the graft in all cases. All patients were highly satisfied with the obtained results and showed a clinical functional outcome similar to the contralateral foot after 36, 60, and 72 months. At the latest radiographic follow-up, no evidence of recurrence was observed. In conclusion, a free vascularized bone autograft can be used to treat a large talar defect owing to chondroblastoma in young patients.     

May bone cement be used to treat benign aggressive bone tumors of the feet with confidence?

Using bone cement for the reconstruction of defects created after curettage of benign aggressive bone tumors is among acceptable methods. The study aimed to assess the effect of bone cement used in aggressive bone tumors in the feet on the function of the feet. Five patients were reviewed. They were treated between 2004 and 2010. Three cases were female and two male. Their age ranged from 16 to 55 with an average of 34.8. Follow up period ranged from 14 to 86 months with an average of 34. Two cases were giant cell tumor of bone located in calcaneus and 3 were solid variant aneurysmal bone cyst located in talus, navicular and first proximal phalanx. None had any previous treatment. A biopsy was done in all cases. Treatment was curettage, high speed burring (except phalanx case), and filling the cavity with bone cement. The case located in talus recurred and re-operated 1 year later doing the same procedure. Final evaluation included physical examination, X-ray and Maryland Foot Score.No recurrence was present in the final evaluation. No problems were detected related to bone cement. Maryland Foot Scores ranged 84–100, average of 94. Cement integrity was not disturbed. The procedure is found not to effect foot functions adversely.     

趾短伸肌跟骨瓣移植及内固定治疗距骨颈骨折脱位

应用趾短伸肌跟骨瓣经跗骨窦向距骨体移植、螺丝钉或克氏针内固定治疗距骨颈骨折脱位14例,经8～48个月随访,按Kenwright疗效标准:优9例,良3例,可2例。结果表明趾短伸肌跟骨瓣向距骨体移植,可改善距骨体的血供,促进骨折愈合,是一种治疗距骨颈骨折脱位简单而有效的方法。     

Reconstruction with β-tricalcium phosphate for giant cell tumor of the talus

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive tumor, commonly occurs in the long bones, and is rare in the talus and the foot. The talus is a weight-bearing bone and strut reconstruction is preferred. Reconstruction with low porosity β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) blocks is reported for GCTB in the knee. In the current report, a 25-year-old female suffered from GCTB in the talus extending to the subchondral bone. The tumor was treated by curettage and the bone was reconstructed with low porosity β-TCP blocks, which have strong compressive strength. The implanted β-TCP blocks were incorporated successfully. The current reconstruction method can be applied for GCTB in the talus.     

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Talus

Aneurysmal bone cysts localized in the talus are extremely rare. Such a case is described and the histological findings are analysed in relation to those in aneurysmal bone cysts in general. The pathomechanism of the lesion is discussed.     

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Talus

Aneurysmal bone cysts localized in the talus are extremely rare. Such a case is described and the histological findings are analysed in relation to those in aneurysmal bone cysts in general. The pathomechanism of the lesion is discussed.     

Editorial Commentary: Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: All,Nothing, or Something in Between

Osteochondral lesions of the talus occur with relatively frequency, often as the sequelae of benign ankle sprains, and are only surpassed by the knee and elbow as more common locations. While microfracture of the talus is the most common first-line surgical treatment performed at the time of ankle arthroscopy, marrow stimulation alone results in fibrocartilaginous repair tissue rather than true hyaline-like articular cartilage. In addition, the benefits of bone marrow stimulation for the treatment of large (>150 mm²), deep (>7 mm), or cystic lesions is limited. Autologous osteochondral transplant has emerged as one such treatment option for large lesions that may address underlying bone loss and reconstitute articular cartilage. The utility of autologous osteochondral transplant also must be interpreted with an understanding of the potential complications, including donor-site morbidity. In addition, it is important to decompress, curettage, and back fill associated cysts with bone graft. When cysts are not treated aggressively, patients may have ongoing bone marrow edema and pain.     

Revision arthrodesis for tibiotalar pseudarthrosis with fibular onlay-inlay graft and internal screw fixation

Pseudarthrosis after failed tibiotalar arthrodesis was successfully treated surgically in nine of 11 patients between 1980 and 1987. The indication for the initial attempted arthrodesis was traumatic arthrosis in seven patients, traumatic arthrosis with osteonecrosis of the talus in two patients, degenerative arthrosis in one patient with cavovarus foot (Charcot-Marie-Tooth), and myelodysplasia with progressive valgus deformity of the foot and ankle in one. The surgical technique planned for revision arthrodesis provided firm coaptation of tibia to talus with internal fixation that maintained the foot at right angles to the tibia with the forefoot in neutral position. Seven feet in 11 patients were treated using a transfibular approach that allowed excision of fibrous tissue and sclerotic bone, decortication of the media malleolus, fixation of the tibia to the talus with cancellous screws, and onlay/inlay fibular graft. Of the remaining four patients, one was treated with medial compression plate, a second was treated using an anteromedial cortical graft, a third was treated by a combination of sliding anteromedial corticocancellous graft and tibiotalar compression screw, and a fourth was treated with tibiotalar compression screw. Clinical and roentgenographic union occurred in nine of 11 patients. One patient developed a painless, fibrous union and one patient with persistent pseudarthrosis had myelodysplasia and severe valgus deformity and required amputation. Adequate exposure was possible through the transfibular approach to provide cancellous bone opposition, to excise the pseudarthrosis membrane and sclerotic bone, and to remove necrotic segments of the talus. In addition, supplemental bone graft, internal fixation, and postoperative cast immobilization were also helpful in obtaining union.     

Volume of tarsal bones in congenital clubfoot

To elucidate the growth of the tarsal bones in congenital clubfoot, relative to the growth of these bones in the unaffected feet and compared to growth in the feet of normal volunteers, we used a computed tomography (CT) scanner to measure the volume of all tarsal bones. The subjects of the study were 10 adults (7 men and 3 women) with unilateral congenital clubfoot (average age 20 years and 1 month). As controls, we examined 11 healthy volunteers. We calculated the ratio of the volume of each tarsal bone to the total bone volume and the ratio of the volume of each tarsal bone in clubfoot to the corresponding bone in the unaffected foot. The volume ratio of each tarsal bone was compared between clubfeet and unaffected feet because the differences of each tarsal bone ratio between the normal foot group and unaffected foot group were not significant. In the clubfeet (n=10), the talus and the medial cuneiform bones were smaller than those in the unaffected feet (n=10) but the cuboid bone was larger. The growth of the navicular did not differ from as that in unaffected feet. Our results suggested hypoplasia on the medial side of the foot in adult patients with congenital clubfoot. The 3 patients who had undergone medial release showed particularly marked hypoplasia of the medial side. In congenital clubfoot cases with severe deformities who had undergone wide soft-tissue release operations, there were clear growth suppressions in the talus and the medial cuneiform. We could not determine whether the cause of the growth suppression was the hypoplastic nature of tarsal bones themselves or the surgical obstacles to tarsal bone growth.     

Primary non Hodgkin's lymphoma of talus in a child—A rare presentation

We report a rare case of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone which presented with an osteolytic lesion of the head of the right talus which to the best of our knowledge is the first case to be reported in the paediatric age group. Early and accurate identification is necessary as it has a good prognosis.     

带血管蒂跗骨瓣移位术的解剖与临床应用

目的：为治疗距骨颈骨折，距骨体缺血性坏死和踝，足部其它骨质病损担任系列方式。方法：在30侧经动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人下肢标本上观测了供养骰骨，内侧楔骨和舟骨的主要血管，设计了上述三种带血管蒂的跗骨瓣移位术，以修复踝，足部骨质病损，并在临床应用了49例。结果：有43例经1－9年随访，平均为4年3个月，40例病损部I期愈合，3例经二期手术治愈，踝，足功能得到极大改善。结论：上述三种附骨瓣均具有血管蒂位置表浅，解剖容易和手术安全可靠等优点，可根据病损不同性质与部位选用。     

Bipartite talus: A case series and algorithm for treatment

BackgroundBipartite talus is a rare condition of uncertain aetiology, with various treatment options described.MethodsWe report five symptomatic bipartite talus cases in four male patients warranting surgical management. All patients were reviewed by an independent assessor.ResultsThe youngest patient presented with bilateral lesions without sub-talar arthrosis. He was treated twice by internal fixation with bone grafting. The left side failed to unite. The second patient presented with isolated sub-talar osteoarthritis. He underwent fragment excision and sub-talar arthrodesis with bone graft. The third patient presented aged 55 with severe hind-foot osteoarthritis, and underwent tibio-talar-calcaneal fusion. The final patient was treated with fragment excision and sub-talar arthrodesis. All patients reported symptom improvement or resolution post-operatively. Four cases showed evidence of radiographic union.ConclusionsWe suggest a treatment rationale of fragment fusion if large enough, or excision if not, with associated limited fusion if the adjacent joints are markedly degenerate.     

Successful Limb Salvage Using Bone Transport for Complete Loss of Distal Tibia and Talus: A Case Report

Complex comminuted fractures involving the distal tibia, ankle joint, and talus are often accompanied by bone loss and are highly prone to complications such as soft tissue infection, fixation failure, and posttraumatic arthrosis, with joint reconstruction being difficult in cases with severe joint destruction or bone loss. In this case, bone transport and fusion procedures were performed to treat a patient with an open fracture involving total talar dislocation, talar bone loss, and distal tibial bone loss. Just as in this case, where the surrounding soft tissues remain healthy, limb salvage via segmental bone transport may be a reasonable option in fractures with massive bone loss that include joints.     

中空加压螺钉内固定治疗距骨粉碎性骨折

目的 探讨中空加压螺钉内固定治疗距骨粉碎性骨折的可行性及临床疗效.方法 对12例距骨粉碎性骨折行切开复位中空加压螺钉内固定术.结果 所有患者术后随访12～36个月,平均20个月.11例患者愈合良好,无严重并发症.1例出现距骨坏死.按AO-FAS足部评分标准,功能优良率为91.7%.结论 中空加压螺钉内固定是治疗距骨粉碎性骨折的有效方法.     

Arthrodesis for ankle osteoarthritis after harvesting of free vascularized fibular bone: a case report

Introduction Although free vascularized fibular bone grafting is a good method for the reconstruction of large bone defects, it might cause morbidity of the donor leg. Progression of ankle osteoarthritis, valgus deformity and instability of the donor leg subsequently leading to arthrodesis has rarely been reported. Materials and methods A 53-year-old man suffered from a left tibial comminuted and Gustilo type IIIb open fracture. A folded free vascularized osteoseptocutaneous flap was harvested from the right fibula and transferred to the left tibial bone defect. After the reconstructive surgery, the patient obtained a solid union of the left tibial shaft uneventfully. Ten years later, he suffered intermittent pain on his right ankle. Plain radiographs revealed progressive tibiotalar osteoarthritis. Right ankle arthrodesis with crossed cannulated screws fixation and osteosynthesis of the fibula to the tibia and talus were performed. However, this procedure failed due to a deep infection and osteomyelitis. A revision of the failed ankle fusion was performed by using a vascularized iliac bone flap to strut the anterolateral aspect of the tibiotalar bone defect. A ventral plate fixation and supplementary onlay bone grafting were applied across the anterior aspect of the tibiotalar joint. At the 2-year follow-up, the patient had no pain and resumed his regular daily activities. Conclusions Harvesting of the fibula may cause longterm ankle osteoarthritis that requires ankle arthrodesis. In revision arthrodesis a ventral plate fixation and vascularized iliac bone flap may be the treatment of choice, neutralizing the large moment due to the long lever arms.     

Talus partitus. A case report

An ankle bone consisting of several fragments is a rare anatomical variant of the talus, in the literature described as talus partitus or frontal split. On radiographs or CT scans it presents as two or more relatively large fragments. The term talus partitus is sometimes incorrectly used for an accessory bone that occasionally develops behind the ankle bone and is called os trigonum. Talus partitus is an unusual developmental anomaly in which the talus is partitioned although it ossifies from a single centre. The cause of its split has not been explained although this may also be due to a previous unrecognized injury. In the Slovak medical literature no report of this anomaly has been found. Here we resent the case of a 30-year-old man in whom the ankle bone split was an incidental finding. This patient also had ipsilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip. This is the first report of a patient with the two concurrently found anomalies.     

异种脱蛋白骨管移植修复大段骨缺损的力学评估

目的研究异种脱蛋白骨管移植修复大段骨缺损的生物力学变化。方法建立山羊双侧胫骨大段骨缺损模型,36只山羊(72只后肢)随机分为2组,实验组:异种脱蛋白骨管;对照组:异种脱蛋白骨粒;两组均在移植骨中添加了骨形态发生蛋白(BMP),并采用骨板、钢板双重固定修复骨缺损。术后5、10、15周对羊胫骨行影像学观察和生物力学的变化。结果影像学显示实验组在骨缺损修复及成骨方面较对照组高。生物力学测试结果表明,术后5、10、15周时实验组力学强度较对照组明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后15周,实验组的生物力学强度与正常胫骨已无差异。结论应用异种脱蛋白骨管支撑复合BMP修复大段骨缺损,能够有效加强移植骨修复负重骨缺损区的力学结构。     

No adverse effects of early weight bearing after uncemented total hip arthroplastyA randomized study of 20 patients

Experimental fibular defects in 16 rats were filled with an acid decalcified homogenous bone matrix (bone inductive material). Autogenous bone grafts in corresponding defects in the other legs of the same rats served as controls. After 3 months, 11 of the 16 defects filled with bone inductive material healed with bony union, but only 4 of the 16 defects treated with autogenous bone grafts had healed. The results suggest that bone inductive material can repair bone defects which are too large to be healed by autogenous bone grafts.