支气管灌洗联合机械通气对难治性哮喘的疗效观察

目的探讨纤支镜支气管灌洗术(FOBwL)联合机械通气在难治性哮喘治疗中的作用。方法对41例难治性哮喘患者在常规治疗后,给予呼气末正压通气及纤支镜支气管灌洗治疗后,观察治疗前后症状、体征、通气功能(FVC、FEV1、PEF)及血气。结果患者上述指标明显改善,治愈39例,2例死亡;治疗前后通气功能及血气有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论支气管内炎症细胞浸润及黏液痰栓堵塞是哮喘难以缓解的重要因素之一,机械通气联合支气管灌洗治疗可显著改善难治性哮喘患者的肺通气功能,有效缓解哮喘症状。     

纤维支气管镜支气管肺泡灌洗术治疗重症肺部感染的临床观察

目的探讨经纤维支气管镜支气管肺泡灌洗治疗重症肺部感染的临床疗效和安全性。方法对本院住院诊断为重症肺部感染的54例患者,随机分组,治疗组纤支镜支气管肺泡灌洗联合常规抗感染、对症支持、呼吸机辅助通气,对照组用常规抗感染、对症支持、呼吸机辅助通气治疗。结果治疗组在撤机时间、体温恢复正常时间、症状消失时间、血象恢复正常时间、住院天数、血气改善情况均优于对照组,有统计学意义。结论经纤支镜支气管肺泡灌洗联合常规治疗方法能迅速清除痰痂和气道分泌物,更快地改善症状,缩短住院时间,提高治愈率,安全性高。     

支气管肺泡灌洗治疗支气管张合并感染的临床研究

目的 观察对支气管扩张合并肺部感染患者经纤支镜支气管肺泡灌洗治疗的临床疗效.方法 将48例支气管扩张合并肺部感染患者随机分为灌洗组及埘照组,灌洗组26例,对照组22例,均在全身应用抗菌药物及祛痰药的基础上,灌洗组在生命体征监护下进行床旁纤支镜吸痰及支气管肺泡灌洗术治疗,对照组体位引流排痰.分析比较两组临床表现、化验和影像学变化以评价肺部感染控制情况.结果 纤支镜支气管肺泡灌洗治疗后较治疗前动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)明显提高,治疗后动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)灌洗组较对照组明显增高,灌洗组有效率明显高于对照组.灌洗组显效10例,好转12例,有效率为85%;对照组显效5例,好转9例,有效率为64%,两组有效率比较,P<0.05.无气胸及严重气道内出血等并发症.结论 经纤支镜支气管肺泡灌洗是治疗支气管扩张合并肺部感染的有效方法.     

纤支镜灌洗疗法在儿童重症支原体肺炎中的应用及其发热期疗效观察

目的探讨纤维支气管镜灌洗疗法在儿童重症支气管肺炎中的应用价值,观察重症支气管肺炎急性期发热时灌洗疗法的临床疗效。方法符合诊断标准的33例患儿,按家长意愿分为药物组和纤支镜组。药物组给予抗感染、退热、止咳等药物对症治疗。纤支镜组在药物治疗(药物治疗同药物组)的基础上联合使用纤支镜灌洗治疗。治疗5~7天后,观察两组患儿的临床疗效及症状、体征缓解情况。纤支镜组按治疗时是否处于发热期又分为发热组和对照组,同时观察发热组和对照组患儿症状、体征控制时间及住院天数。结果纤支镜组疗效优于药物组,纤支镜组咳嗽、肺部啰音缓解时间明显短于药物组,统计学分析,均有显著性差异(P0.05)。同时,发热组控制咳嗽时间、肺部啰音消失时间及住院天数均短于对照组,经统计学比较,亦有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论纤支镜灌洗疗法能显著提高重症支原体肺炎患儿的治疗效果,促进临床症状及肺部体征改善。同时,对于急性期仍有发热时行纤支镜灌洗疗法,可提高疗效,改善预后。     

支气管肺泡灌洗术联合机械通气治疗重症哮喘患者的疗效观察

目的观察支气管肺泡灌洗术联合无创机械通气治疗重症哮喘患者的临床疗效。方法 50例重症哮喘患者随机分为两组,对照组(n=25例)给予无创通气治疗,观察组(n=25例)在对照组治疗基础上加用支气管肺泡灌洗。比较两组患者肺功能及病情缓解时间等情况。结果观察组治疗总有效率(92.0%)明显高于对照组(80.0%)(P0.05);观察组治疗后肺功能指标(FEV1/L、FVC/L和FEV1/FVC)改善程度明显优于对照组(P0.05);观察组临床症状改善时间及ICU住院天数较对照组缩短(P0.05)。结论支气管肺泡灌洗术联合无创机械通气治疗重症哮喘患者疗效显著,患者肺功能恢复快,症状缓解时间及ICU住院天数短。     

支气管肺泡灌洗联合无创通气治疗失败的重症哮喘患者疗效观察

目的探讨支气管肺泡灌洗联合无创通气对常规治疗失败的重症哮喘患者肺功能及病情缓解时间的影响。方法选择常规治疗失败的重症哮喘患者41例，随机分为两组，对照组和灌洗组。一组给予无创通气治疗，一组在上述治疗的同时给予支气管肺泡灌洗。结果灌洗组的肺功能PEF，FVC较对照组升高（P〈0．05），症状改善时间及ICU住院天数较对照组缩短（P〈0．05）。结论支气管肺泡灌洗联合无创通气应用于常规治疗失败的重症哮喘，肺功能恢复快，症状缓解时间及ICU住院天数短。     

支气管肺泡灌洗治疗支气管扩张合并感染的临床研究

目的观察对支气管扩张合并肺部感染患者经纤支镜支气管肺泡灌洗治疗的临床疗效。方法将48例支气管扩张合并肺部感染患者随机分为灌洗组及对照组,灌洗组26例,对照组22例,均在全身应用抗菌药物及祛痰药的基础上,灌洗组在生命体征监护下进行床旁纤支镜吸痰及支气管肺泡灌洗术治疗,对照组体位引流排痰。分析比较两组临床表现、化验和影像学变化以评价肺部感染控制情况。结果纤支镜支气管肺泡灌洗治疗后较治疗前动脉血氧分压（PaO2）、氧合指数（PaO2／FiO2）明显提高,治疗后动脉血氧分压（PaO2）、氧合指数（PaO2／FiO2）灌洗组较对照组明显增高,灌洗组有效率明显高于对照组。灌洗组显效10例,好转12例,有效率为85％;对照组显效5例,好转9例,有效率为64％,两组有效率比较,P〈0．05。无气胸及严重气道内出血等并发症。结论经纤支镜支气管肺泡灌洗是治疗支气管扩张合并肺部感染的有效方法。     

经纤维支气管镜局部冲洗治疗支气管扩张症53例报告

目的探讨经纤维支气管镜（以下简称纤支镜）局部灌洗注药治疗支气管扩张症的疗效。方法53例支气管扩张病人除常规治疗外，还采用纤维支气管镜反复气道灌洗和注药，在纤维支气管镜治疗前后常规监测患者临床情况、通气换气功能及血气指标。结果灌洗注药后患者体温迅速下降，外周血白细胞、痰液量明显减少，X线胸片明显改善。灌洗后血气指标（PaO2，SaO2及PaO2／FiO2）改善；肺通气功能检测（VC、FEVI、FEVI％、VS0、V25及MVV）明显改善（P〈0．05）。结论经纤维支气管镜肺泡灌洗和注药能有效清除痰痂和气道分泌物，解除支气管的阻塞，改善患者通气换气功能，是一种安全、简便实用的治疗支气管扩张的有效手段。     

支气管肺泡灌洗术在支气管哮喘中的应用

目的探讨应用支气管镜行支气管肺泡灌洗术治疗支气管哮喘的作用。方法将常规治疗无效的61例支气管哮喘患者随机分成两组,对照组继续采用支气管舒张剂等常规治疗,支气管镜肺灌洗组在常规治疗基础上加用支气管肺泡灌洗术。治疗前及治疗后48小时观察患者的临床表现,检测第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、呼气峰流速(PEF)等,选用改良英国MRC呼吸困难指数(mMRC)进行病情评估。并对两组患者住院天数进行比较。结果两组患者治疗后哮喘症状、体征好转,肺功能指标及mMRC均得到改善,两组比较,经支气管镜肺灌洗组显著优于对照组,且住院天数缩短,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经支气管镜行肺泡灌洗术能清除支气管内黏性分泌物,通畅气道,改善气道的炎症反应,是治疗由黏液栓引起的哮喘急性发作最有效手段,且见效快。     

15例床边纤支镜支气管肺泡灌洗术安全性探讨

纤支镜作支气管肺泡灌洗术治疗严重感染的肺心病呼吸衰竭病人,能迅速改善肺通气功能。纤支镜直视下观察到坚固的痰栓,采用床边纤支镜灌洗术,在吸出大量脓痰或粘痰的同时局部注入有抗生素的灌洗液,能提高气道粘膜局部的抗生素浓度,可直接达到杀菌效果而减少全身用药剂量。由于粘稠痂状分泌物阻塞段口,故单以人工气道吸引常难缓解气道梗阻,加上慢支反复呼吸道感染引起闭塞性细支气管炎使病情加重。床边作纤支镜方便了病人,但同时也增加了一些不     

急性左心衰患者50例院前急救临床分析

目的探讨急性左心衰患者院前急救的临床效果。方法回顾性分析98例急性左心衰患者的临床资料,其中院前急救组（A组）50例,自行来院就诊患者为对照组（B组）48例,对两组有效救治的时间、治疗效果及病死率进行比较。结果A组从发病到救治的时间显著早于B组[（10．52±2．11）min比（45．23±5．23）min．P〈0．05]。A组治疗1h后有效率优于B组,差异有统计学意义（96％比79％,P〈0．05）。A组24h内病死率明显低于B组的,差异有统计学意义（2．16％比4．52％,P〈0．05）。结论院前急救可较早改善急性左心衰患者的临床症状,阻止病情恶化,降低病死率。     

高密度监测下观察布托啡诺对老年患者全麻诱导期血流动力学的影响

目的:观察布托啡诺先于舒芬太尼给药是否能够减轻老年患者麻醉诱导期血流动力学的波动。方法:60例ASA Ⅱ～Ⅲ级准备在全身麻醉下行择期手术的老年患者,随机分为2组,每组30例,麻醉诱导前,B组使用布托啡诺0.4 mg处理,C组使用相同容量的生理盐水处理。对比两组在开始诱导到插管结束后共15 min内的血压(MAP)和心率...     

Influence of preoperative left ventricular function on results of homograft replacement of the aortic valve for aortic stenosis.

The effect of preoperative left ventricular function on early and late prognosis was assessed in 103 patients with aortic stenosis who underwent left ventricular cineangiography before homograft replacement of the aortic valve. The patients were separated into two groups: Group A (58 patients) with an ejection fraction of 0.46 or more and Group B (45 patients) with an ejection fraction of 0.45 or less. The two groups were compared with respect to clinical and hemodynamic data as well as operative result. There was poor correlation between clinical data and left ventricular function. In Group A there were three early deaths (5.2 percent) and three late deaths (5.2 percent) compared with no early and six late deaths (13.3 percent) in Group B during the follow-up period of 12 to 102 months (mean 43 months). Most patients in Group B showed considerable symptomatic improvement but less than that observed in Group A. Forty-two patients (13 in Group A and 29 in Group B) underwent repeat cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography. Improvement in left ventricular function as assessed by radial analysis of segmental wall motion and ejection fraction was observed in 20 of the 29 patients in Group B. Failure of left ventricular function to improve was associated with additional coronary artery disease in the majority of patients. It is concluded that poor left ventricular function does not increase the risk of aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis and that improvement in left ventricular function can be expected in the majority of patients.     

Assessment of the first myocardial infarctions with lead ECG --implications in the study of hospital mortality and its reduction using thrombolytic drugs

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Correlation between mortality reduction of first Myocardial Infarction (MI) by thrombolytic therapy and MI size evaluated with the classical Electrocardiogram (ECG). DESIGN: A retrospective sequential study. SETTING: Coronary Unit patients. PATIENTS: Sequential sample of 132 patients with first MI obeying all the following criteria: 1) no previous MI; 2) age less than or equal to 70 years; 3) clinical evolution less than 12 hours; 4) no Left Bundle Branch Block in the CCU first ECG; 5) ischemic ST elevation in greater than or equal to 1 initial ECG leads. Patients were divided into Group A, with less than or equal to 3 initial ECG leads with ischemic ST elevation (n = 80), and Group B, with greater than or equal to 4 initial ECG leads with ischemic ST elevation (n = 52). Only 34 patients (25.7%) did thrombolytic therapy with IV Streptokinase (SK); 15 from Group A and 19 from Group B. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 17 patients died in MI acute phase (12.8%); 4 in Group A (5%) and 13 in Group B (24.9%). Inhospital mortality was statistically worst in Group B than in Group A (24.9% vs 5% with p less than 0.01). Creatin kinase (CK) maximal values (A = 911.5 UI; B = 1444.6 UI with p less than 0.01) and initial Heart Rate (A = 75.7; B = 86.7 with p less than 0.001) were also statistically greatest in Group B. Inhospital mortality was smaller in patients treated with SK (8.8% vs 14.3%), as in Group B (10.5% vs. 33.3%), both without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Inhospital mortality and thrombolytic therapy benefit were so bigger as MI size evaluated by the number of initial ECG leads with ischemic ST elevation, by initial HR and maximal values of CK. Classical ECG can be useful by identifying patients with first MI that can more benefit with thrombolytic therapy (greater than or equal to 4 leads with ischemic ST elevation).     

Comparative analysis of remission induction therapy for high-risk MDS and AML progressed from MDS in the MDS200 study of Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group

A total of 120 patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and AML progressed from MDS (MDS–AML) were registered in a randomized controlled study of the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group (JALSG). Untreated adult patients with high-risk MDS and MDS–AML were randomly assigned to receive either idarubicin and cytosine arabinoside (IDR/Ara-C) (Group A) or low-dose cytosine arabinoside and aclarubicin (CA) (Group B). The remission rates were 64.7% for Group A (33 of 51 evaluable cases) and 43.9% for Group B (29 out of 66 evaluable cases). The 2-year overall survival rates and disease-free survival rates were 28.1 and 26.0% for Group A, and 32.1 and 24.8% for Group B, respectively. The duration of CR was 320.6 days for Group A and 378.7 days for Group B. There were 15 patients who lived longer than 1,000 days after diagnosis: 6 and 9 patients in Groups A and B, respectively. However, among patients enrolled in this trial, intensive chemotherapy did not produce better survival than low-dose chemotherapy. In conclusion, it is necessary to introduce the first line therapy excluding the chemotherapy that can prolong survival in patients with high-risk MDS and MDS–AML.     

早期纠正贫血对慢性肾衰竭心血管病变影响的多中心临床研究

目的观察早期使用促红细胞生成素治疗贫血对透析前慢性肾衰竭(CRF)患者心血管病变的影响.方法采用多中心、前瞻性、对照临床研究.血肌酐(Scr)在147～400 μmol/L的CRF患者158例,按基线Hb水平分组.将Hb<110 g/L的患者分为2组,(1)治疗组86例,每周接受α-促红细胞生成素100～135 U/kg皮下注射;(2)对照Ⅰ组40例,未接受α-促红细胞生成素治疗;将Hb≥110 g/L的32例患者作为对照Ⅱ组,未接受α-促红细胞生成素治疗.行超声心动图检查,测左心室质量指数(LVMI)、血压等,随访时间2年.结果 3组患者基线临床资料(年龄、性别、原发病、营养状况、高血压的发生率、使用降压药物的种类和数量等)无明显差异(均P>0.05);治疗组、对照Ⅰ组、对照Ⅱ组患者左心室肥厚(LVH)的发生率分别为72.1%、72.5%、59.4%;LVMI与Hb水平呈负相关(r=-0.70, P<0.01),与Scr呈正相关(r=0.64, P<0.05).治疗24个月后,治疗组患者Hb水平较基线时明显上升(P<0.05),LVMI较基线时明显下降(P<0.05),LVH的发生率(55.8%)较治疗前降低16.3%,但平均动脉压、使用降压药物的数量与基线相比无明显差异.对照Ⅰ组与对照Ⅱ组患者Hb逐渐下降,LVMI明显增加,LVH发生率与基线相比明显增高(P<0.05).随访期间,Scr较基线增高1倍的患者比率,治疗组(3.4%)与对照Ⅰ组(15.0%)相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而对照Ⅰ组与对照Ⅱ组(9.4%)相比无明显差异(P>0.05).结论轻中度CRF患者存在LVH,贫血是导致透析前CRF患者LVH的重要原因.用促红细胞生成素早期治疗贫血能使部分患者LVH逆转.透析前CRF患者用促红细胞生成素治疗并不加重高血压,并可能有助于延缓肾衰竭的进程.     

Clinical spectrum of chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome and surgical relief for 'coarctation' of the inferior vena cava

This report presents the clinical features of 78 cases of the chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome encountered over a period of 13 years. The diagnosis of hepatic venous outflow obstruction was confirmed by venographic studies in all cases. In 20 patients there was hepatic vein occlusion without inferior vena caval (IVC) obstruction (Group A). In 17 patients there was constriction of the IVC above the drainage site of the right hepatic vein which was patent (Group B). In 13 patients there was short segmental obstruction of the hepatic segment of the IVC along with blockage of the hepatic venous orifices (Group C). In 28 patients there was hepatic venous obstruction with long segment involvement of the IVC extending to varying lengths of the infrahepatic segment (Group D). Of particular interest are the operative findings in 12 of 17 patients of Group B of hour glass constriction of the IVC, which can be labelled as ‘coarctation of the IVC'. Dorsal cavoatrial bypass using a polytetra fluoroethylene graft has proved useful in Group B. Interesting histopathological findings of the liver in some of the cases are also described. The possible aetiology of the Group B cases is discussed.     

AMI静脉溶栓后即行PTCA与直接冠状动脉支架术的疗效比较

目的 比较rt-PA(50mg)静脉溶栓后即刻行经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术与直接冠状动脉支架术治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)的临床疗效.方法119例AMI患者随机分为AB两组.A组65例行rt-PA半量(50mg)静脉溶栓后即刻行冠状动脉血管造影,及经皮冠状动脉腔内血管成行术,B组54例行直接冠状动脉支架术.术后观察20天.结果(1)首次冠状动脉造影显示:A组梗塞相关动脉(IRA)69支,开通为54%:B组IRA 57支,开通率为15%.两组开通率相比有非常显著性差异(P<0.01).(2)A,B两组行PTCA和支架置入术后对IRA恢复TIMI Ⅲ级血流效果相同,A组100%,B组98%,两者相比无显著性差异(P>0.05).(3)病人住院10～20天,二维超声心动图显示,左心室射血分数(LVEF)达到或超过60%者,A组为88%,而B组仅占69%.两者相比有显著性差异(P<0.05).(4)脑卒中或大出血并发症两组病例均未发生.(5)住院病死率,A组3%(2/65),B组3.7%(2/54),两者相比无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论小剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓后即刻行冠状动脉成形及支架置入术与直接冠状动脉支架置入术治疗AMI临床疗效相比,前者较后者具有更早地使IRA前向血流再灌注,减低冠状动脉支架置入术中并发症发生,从而具有较好的左心室功能保护,且不增加不良事件的发生.     

Four-year results after brachytherapy for diffuse coronary in-stent restenosis: will coronary radiation therapy survive?

BACKGROUND: Prior to the introduction of drug-eluting stents (DES), diffuse coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR) was mainly treated by brachytherapy (BT), with good short-term and mid-term results. However, there exist limited data on the long-term effects of BT that justify its continuous use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred patients with diffuse ISR treated with intravascular BT were retrospectively followed over 4 years. Group A (n=134) was treated with the noncentered (90)Sr/Y BetaCath radiation system, whereas Group B (n=66) was treated with the centered 32P Galileo source wire system. Primary endpoints after 4 years were target lesion restenosis (TLS) and target lesion revascularization (TLR). Secondary endpoints were target vessel revascularization (TVR) and nontarget vessel revascularization (NTVR), as well as major adverse cardiac events (MACE). RESULTS: Follow-up at 4 years yielded a TLS rate of 37.6% (Group A, 40.8%; Group B, 31.1%; P=.48). TLR was performed in 34.8% of patients (37.5% in Group A vs. 29.5% in Group B; P=.55). Ten percent of patients underwent coronary bypass surgery. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed more often in Group A (27.5%) than in Group B (19.7%), while TVR was less frequent in Group A (10.0%) than in Group B (18.0%). NTVR was undertaken in 25.0% of Group A patients versus 21.3% of Group B patients, and MACE occurred in 1.7% of Group A patients versus 3.3% of Group B patients. These differences were not statistically significant (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: While excellent short-term and mid-term results after coronary BT are widely accepted, a high TLS rate can be observed after 4 years. The potential superiority of DES to BT will depend on the availability of long-term clinical data.