超声造影诊断肾脏占位性病变的临床研究

目的:探讨超声造影在肾脏占位性病变中的临床应用价值。方法:对16例经手术病理或随访证实的肾脏占位性病变患者行超声造影,观察并分析病灶对比剂灌注时相和变化规律。结果:9例肾透明细胞癌,超声造影表现多种多样,与正常肾皮质相比较:快进7例,同进2例,快退3例,同退3例,慢退3例;与正常肾皮质强化程度相比较:6例高强化,3例等强化。3例肾囊性病灶,超声造影轮廓较二维超声清晰,但内部始终未见强化。2例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤表现为慢进慢退,回声呈等、低强化表现。2例肾柱肥大超声造影增强动态变化时间、强度与正常肾实质一致。结论:超声造影能够实时观察肾脏占位性病变的血流灌注情况,对肾脏占位性病变的诊断和鉴别诊断具有较高的临床应用价值。     

即时超声微泡造影诊断胰腺占位性病变的价值

目的探讨即时超声微泡造影技术在诊断及鉴别胰腺占位性病变中的价值。资料与方法对42例胰腺占位性病变患者进行即时超声微泡造影检查,观察病灶区域及非病灶区域胰腺实质(以下简称实质)在灌注早期(EPPP,0～30s)和灌注晚期(DPPP,31～120s)的增强形态、增强模式、增强时间、增强速度、增强水平,将诊断结果与手术病理结果或最终临床诊断结果进行对照。结果 42例患者经手术病理证实或临床最终确诊恶性病变34例,良性病变8例。恶性病变、良性病变与实质灌注(包括灌注早期、灌注晚期)3组间的造影剂始增时间、始-峰时间差异有统计学意义;达峰时间差异无统计学意义。34例胰腺腺癌中,30例表现为EPPP及DPPP呈整体不均匀低增强,DPPP造影剂退出时间早于周围胰腺实质;2例表现为EPPP等增强,DPPP低增强;另2例表现为EPPP不均匀高度增强,DPPP低增强。3例胰腺内分泌肿瘤中,2例表现为EPPP及DPPP不均匀高度增强,1例表现为EPPP及DPPP等增强。5例局限性胰腺炎4例表现为EPPP及DPPP不均匀高度增强,1例表现为EPPP及DPPP呈等增强。结论即时超声造影能够提供更多的血流灌注信息,能为胰腺局灶性占位病变的诊断及鉴别诊断提供有价值的参考依据。     

肾脏占位性病变的实时超声造影特征

目的：探讨肾脏占位性病变的超声造影特征。材料和方法：对126例常规超声诊断为肾脏占位病变或可疑肾脏占位病变的患者，使用声诺维造影剂进行超声造影检查，将结果与病理对比。结果：肾透明细胞癌造影增强模式多表现为快速增强、快速减退；肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤造影增强模式多表现为延迟增强、延迟减退；肾囊肿造影模式表现为造影剂灌注缺如区周边清晰光滑，囊肿内无造影剂显示。结论：肾透明细胞癌、肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤、肾囊肿超声造影时相、增强模式具有一定的特征，有助于鉴别诊断。     

超声造影对肾脏小占位的诊断分析

目的:探讨不同病理类型肾脏肿瘤的造影特点,评价超声造影诊断肾脏良恶性肿瘤的应用价值,为临床诊断提供依据。方法:应用声学造影剂声诺维对27例超声诊断为肾脏占位病变或可疑肾脏占位病变的患者进行超声造影检查,分析其造影增强图像特点。结果:27例患者均满意获得清晰的肿瘤动态造影灌注图像,大部分与其正常肾组织回声等强,10例肾恶性肿瘤的造影显像比其正常肾组织快,3例肾良性肿瘤造影显像为"同进慢出";4例肾柱肥大造影后与正常肾组织造影剂显像一致;2例肾囊肿内无造影剂显示。结论:超声造影成像技术能清晰显示肾肿瘤的血流灌注特点,对肾脏肿瘤的诊断具有一定实用价值。     

超声造影诊断肾脏占位性病变中的应用价值

目的 探讨超声造影（contrast enhanced ultrasound,CEUS）鉴别诊断肾脏占位性病变中的应用价值。方法 本文对收治的经手术病理确诊的肾脏占位性病变患者分别进行常规超声及超声造影检查。结果 恶性肾占位性病变患者的血流显示率（97.50%）和动脉血流显示率（90.00%）均明显高于良性肾占位性病变组（69.23%、61.54%）,且差异具有统计学意义（x^2=42.65、38.21,P〈0.05）。而两组在Vmax、RI两个血流参数方面的差异则无明显统计学意义（t=1.01、0.31,P〉0.05）。恶性肾占位性病变组的彩色血流信号分级情况与良性肾占位性病变组比较有明显差异,且差异具有统计学意义（U=12.21,P〈0.05）。40例恶性肾脏占位性病变组全部增强,其中32个实性占位中10例早于自身肾皮质快速强化,14例与自身肾皮质同步强化,8例强化晚于自身肾皮质。8例囊性肾细胞癌病灶内实性部分及厚薄不均的囊壁明显强化。26例良性肾脏占位性病变组中增强23例,占88.46%;12例与自身肾皮质同步强化,7例晚于自身肾皮质缓慢强化,4例肾柱肥大超声造影表现为,团注对比剂后始终无病灶轮廓出现,全肾血管走行正常,肥大肾柱与正常肾组织同步强化,同步廓清,回声分布均匀。常规超声的灵敏度为75.00%,特异度为61.54%,准确性为69.70%：超声造影诊断的灵敏度为92.50%,特异度为88.46%,准确性为90.91%。结论 超声造影可充分反映病灶内部的血供,提高血流检出率。     

不同类型肾脏占位病变的超声造影特征及其诊断价值探讨

目的:探讨不同类型肾脏占位病变的超声造影特征及其诊断价值.方法:搜集肾脏占位病变手术患者100例,术前均行超声造影检查,根据手术病理结果将病变分为恶性病变(肾癌41例、肾盂癌19例)和良性病变(肾错构癌29例、肾囊肿11例),分析不同类型病变超声造影特征.结果:肾癌、肾盂癌以快进快出型或快进慢出型为主,错构瘤以慢进慢出型为主,而肾囊肿以平台型为主,不同类型肾脏占位病变的超声造影增强模式差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).根据时间-信号强度曲线采集相关参数,肾癌、肾盂癌峰值强度、曲线尖度、曲线下面积均明显高于肾错构癌、肾囊肿,达峰时间明显低于肾错构癌、肾囊肿,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).超声造影对肾脏占位性病变良恶性的鉴别诊断灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确度分别为75.00％、62.50％、75.00％、62.50％和70.00％.结论:不同类型肾脏占位病变的超声造影增强模式及时间-信号强度曲线差异显著,超声造影对肾脏占位病变良恶性的鉴别诊断灵敏度和阳性预测值较高.     

超声造影在膀胱占位性病变诊断中的应用

目的:探讨超声造影在膀胱占位性病变诊断中的临床应用价值.方法:对25例膀胱占位性病变行实时超声造影, 观察并分析病灶的超声造影表现,总结超声造影灌注时相的动态变化规律,并与病理结果相对照.结果:超声造影提示膀胱恶性肿瘤17例(26个病灶),经手术病理证实膀胱移行细胞癌18例.超声造影诊断膀胱癌的敏感性为94.4%(17/18),特异性为100%(7/7),准确性为96.0%(24/25).结论:超声造影能够实时观察膀胱占位性病变的血流灌注情况,对占位性病变的诊断和鉴别诊断具有较高的临床应用价值.     

实时超声造影在肝转移癌中的诊断与应用研究

肝转移癌是临床较常见的恶性病变之一,其发病率和恶性程度较高。超声声像图检查时对于不典型或合并肝弥漫性病变、原发性肝癌、肝内局灶性病变与肝内转移灶的鉴别诊断较为困难,有着一定的局限性。近年来,超声造影技术在临床上越来越得到广泛应用,不同的超声造影剂在肝、肾、乳腺等器官中的占位性病变诊断中的临床研究已有较多报道。随着新型超声造影剂及造影成像技术的发展,造影增强技术对肝转移癌的诊断研究有着重要的作用。研究表明,超声造影能有效增强肝脏的二维超声表现,反映出正常肝组织与病变组织的血流灌注的不同,从而提高超声诊断的灵敏性和特异性。本研究应用超声造影剂声诺维,以实时灰阶超声造影匹配技术,观察肝脏转移癌的灌注时间、回声变化规律,并与常规超声及CT比较,探讨超声造影的诊断价值。     

超声造影对肝脏转移癌的诊断应用价值

目的:探讨超声造影对肝脏转移癌的诊断应用价值.方法:对49例恶性肿瘤患者肝脏行常规超声检查及低机械指数超声造影检查,对肝内转移性病灶超声造影表现进行分析.结果:经超声造影新发现47个病灶,其中小于1.0cm的病灶占55.3%(26/47).肝转移病灶的增强模式可分为4种:A.病灶周边快速环状强化60/131(45.8%),病灶内部呈低或无增强,之后周边增强部分造影剂迅速退出呈低增强;B.病灶于动脉期呈快速整体强化并迅速廓清51/131(38.9%);C.病灶于动脉期和门脉期基本与肝脏实质同步强化,延迟晚期呈低增强12/131(9.2%);D.病灶于造影三期均低于肝实质呈低增强表现8/119(6.1%).结论:肝脏转移病灶来源和大小不同其增强模式表现亦不相同;实时超声造影可提高对肝脏转移病灶尤其可提高直径小于1.0cm的微小转移灶的检出率.     

超声造影、增强CT及增强MRI对肾脏占位性病变的诊断价值比较

目的：比较超声造影、增强CT及增强MRI对肾脏占位性病变的诊断价值。资料与方法对78例经常规超声诊断为肾脏占位性病变患者的80个病灶进行实时超声造影检查,39个行增强CT检查,28个行增强MRI检查,其中5个同时行增强CT及增强MRI检查。以病理结果为“金标准”,比较超声造影、增强CT及增强MRI诊断肾脏占位性病变良恶性的价值。结果80个病灶中,57个为恶性病变,23个为良性病变;超声造影诊断肾脏病变良恶性的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为93.0%、69.6%、88.3%、80.0%;增强CT诊断肾脏病变良恶性的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为96.4%、72.7%、90.0%、88.9%;增强MRI诊断肾脏病变良恶性的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为86.4%、66.7%、90.5%、57.1%;3种检查诊断效果间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论超声造影、增强CT及增强MRI对于肾脏占位性病变良恶性的诊断效果相当,临床可以根据各个检查技术的特点,为不同的患者选择适宜的检查,联合应用两种检查方法为肾脏占位性病变的诊断提供了更丰富的信息。     

实时超声造影在肝脏局灶性病变诊断中的应用

目的:评价实时超声造影技术在肝脏局灶性病变诊断中的作用及意义.方法:采用实时超声造影技术,对我院269例肝脏局灶性病变进行超声造影检查.结果:92.4%恶性病变动脉相呈现回声增强.病灶动脉相呈现高增强或等增强、延迟相消退为低增强或无增强,在良性病变中占13.8%(19/138),恶性病变中为94.7%(124/131);实时超声造影诊断肝脏局限性病灶的敏感度89.6%,特异度97.5%,诊断符合率93.2%.结论:实时超声造影可显示肝局灶性病变的血流灌注特点,对肝局灶性病变的分类诊断有重要的应用价值.     

超声造影诊断肝脏局灶性结节状增生的价值

目的：探讨超声造影诊断肝脏局灶性结节状增生的价值。材料和方法：回顾分析了11例肝脏局灶性结节状增生的超声造影表现。9例于造影后经超声引导穿刺确诊,2例经手术确诊。结果：11例病灶动脉期均快速显著增强。9例病灶动脉早期呈轮辐状增强,造影三期回声强于周边肝实质,实质期可见轮辐状低回声；2例病灶动脉早期快速增强,动脉期及门脉期回声强于周边肝实质,实质期回声与肝实质等同,未见轮辐状低回声。结论：超声造影所显示的肝脏局灶性结节状增生的增强特征,有助于临床诊断。部分病灶超声造影表现缺乏特异性,确诊仍需要结合其他影像学方法和穿刺活检。     

Characterization of focal liver lesions with a new ultrasound contrast agent using continuous low acoustic power imaging: comparison with contrast enhanced spiral CT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the concordance of the enhancement patterns of a new ultrasound contrast agent (SonoVue) with those obtained with dual-phase contrast-enhanced spiral CT (CE-CT) in the characterization of focal liver lesions (FLLs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-two patients with focal liver lesions discovered at ultrasound and also studied with CECT underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound using continuous low acoustic power imaging after receiving a 2.4 ml bolus of the new US contrast agent SonoVue, consisting of a dispersion of sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles. The examinations were made using ATL HDI-5000, Acuson SEQUOIA and Aloka 5500 Prosound ultrasound systems with 5.2 MHz curved-array probes. The concordance between US and CE-CT images was evaluated on site by two radiologists blinded to CT RESULTS: The FLLs were assessed in the arterial (20 s after CM injection), portal (after 45-60 s) and late (after 120 s) phases for: 1) presence/absence of enhancement 2) distribution of enhancement (homogenous or target distribution, centripetal or centrifugal flow, and other), 3) qualitative enhancement pattern (hyperechoic, hypoechoic, or isoechoic) versus normal liver parenchyma. RESULTS: The concordance between SonoVue-enhanced US and CE-CT was 85%. Moreover during portal venous phase with CEUS it was possible to differentiate between malignancy or benignity of 91% of lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary data obtained in this study suggest that continuous low acoustic power imaging and contrast-enhanced US show similar results to CT in contrast distribution and contrast enhancement patterns.     

脾脏低回声病变的超声造影诊断

目的:探讨超声造影对脾脏低回声病变的诊断价值。材料和方法:经外周静脉团注声诺维(SonoVue),使用对比脉冲序列(CPS)技术,对9例脾脏低回声病变行超声造影检查。结果:2例脾血管瘤造影剂廓清慢于脾组织,实质期回声强于脾实质。5例脾淋巴瘤、1例脾转移癌及1例脾炎性假瘤造影剂廓清均快于脾组织,实质期回声低于脾实质。结论:超声造影对脾脏低回声病变的诊断和鉴别诊断具有一定的价值。     

超声造影在移植肝脏局灶性低回声病灶鉴别诊断中的应用

 目的 评价超声造影技术在肝移植术后肝脏局灶性低回声病灶鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 对肝移植术后肝脏出现局灶性低回声病灶患者,用西门子 Sequoia512彩色多普勒超声诊断仪和超声造影剂Sonovue进行超声造影检查,观察3个时相的造影剂灌注模式,并用自动跟踪对比量化技术(Axius ACQ)对病灶及周围肝组织进行定量分析.结果 10例出现局灶性低回声病灶的患者中,超声造影明确诊断梗死灶5例(低回声病灶为无增强,ACQ分析无造影剂灌注),非均质脂肪肝3例(低回声病灶在动脉相、门脉相呈高增强,ACQ分析该区域为正常肝组织,周围肝组织为血流灌注不良区域),肝癌复发2例(其特征为动脉相快速均匀高增强,门脉相及延迟相快速消退).结论 超声造影技术能较好评估肝实质的血流灌注分布情况,有助于移植肝脏梗死灶、非均质性脂肪肝及肿瘤复发的鉴别诊断.     

The dynamic magnetic resonance study of focal liver lesions by FLASH sequences with bolus intravenous gadolinium-DTPA]

Thirty-five patients with hepatic hemangioma (n = 12), metastasis (n = 10), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 10) and focal nodular hyperplasia (n = 3) were examined with the fast low-angle shot (FLASH) technique and an intravenous bolus injection of Gd-DTPA. In order to differentiate the lesions, the following criteria were used: a) pre Gd-DTPA intensity of lesions; b) post Gd-DTPA patterns of contrast enhancement. On the basis of these criteria, an unquestionable differential diagnosis could be made. Hemangiomas were characterized by an hypointense mass before Gd-DTPA, by peripheral contrast enhancement and by subsequent continuous hyperintense fill-in; thus, hemangiomas were visualized as hyperintense lesion during the late phase. Before contrast administration hypovascular metastases appeared as hypointense; they were characterized by delayed uptake of contrast agent. HCCs were hyperintense lesions before contrast administrations; then, quick contrast enhancement and rapid decrease in signal intensity were observed with visualization of a hyperintense ring due to the capsule. Finally, focal nodular hyperplasia appeared isointense or hypointense relative to normal liver on precontrast scans; the lesions were enhanced transiently with subsequent quick dismission of contrast agent. This initial experience suggests dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging as an effective method to improve the differential diagnosis among hepatic tumors when precontrast T2-weighted images are equivocal.     

肝脏局灶性结节性增生超声造影的典型特征和病灶大小的相关性研究

目的:探讨肝脏局灶性结节性增生(FNH)超声造影的典型特征与病灶大小的联系。方法:本组采用新型超声对比剂SonoVue和对比脉冲序列成像技术,对33例FNH患者共35个病灶行超声造影检查(CEUS),观察病灶的增强模式和其它声像图特征,分析轮幅状的增强模式和中央疤痕的发生率;其中26例由CT、MRI证实,其余7例经手术或穿刺病理证实。结果:24个直径>3cm的病灶22个(22/24,91.7%)动脉相早期呈轮幅状增强,而11个直径<3cm的病灶4个(4/11,36.4%)为轮幅状增强,本组共计26个(26/35,74.3%)病灶呈轮幅状增强。本组22个(22/35,62.9%)病灶可见中央疤痕,其中19个(19/24,79.2%)直径>3cm的病灶和3个(3/11,27.3%)直径<3cm的病灶可见上述特征。结论:多数直径>3cm的FNH超声造影动脉相表现为典型的轮幅状增强模式,延迟相可见中央疤痕,如果无轮幅状增强和中央疤痕等声像图特征,则超声造影难以鉴别诊断FNH与其它富血供的肿瘤。     

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosis and characterization of focal hepatic lesions

The extensive use of imaging techniques in differential diagnosis of abdominal conditions and screening of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatic diseases, has led to an important increase in identification of focal liver lesions. The development of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) opens a new window in the diagnosis and follow-up of these lesions. This technique offers obvious advantages over the computed tomography and magnetic resonance, without a decrease in its sensitivity and specificity. The new second generation contrast agents, due to their intravascular distribution, allow a continuous evaluation of the enhancement pattern, which is crucial in characterization of liver lesions. The dual blood supply in the liver shows three different phases, namely arterial, portal and late phases. The enhancement during portal and late phases can give important information about the lesion's behavior. Each liver lesion has a different enhancement pattern that makes possible an accurate approach to their diagnosis. The role of emerging techniques as a contrast-enhanced three-dimensional US is also discussed. In this article, the advantages, indications and technique employed during CEUS and the different enhancement patterns of most benign and malignant focal liver lesions are discussed.     

乏血供肝转移瘤超声造影与CT增强扫描的对比研究

目的:探讨乏血供肝转移瘤超声造影(CEUS)血流灌注特点及其与CT增强扫描的差异。方法:选择CT增强扫描提示为乏血供肝转移瘤的12例(20个病灶)行常规超声及造影检查。二维超声观察病灶的部位、大小、边界、内部回声;CEUS观察病灶各期的强化模式、强化水平,重点观察动脉期(0～25s),并与CT增强扫描进行比较。结果:12例共20个病灶,CT增强扫描动脉期:1个病灶轻度增强(5%),11个环形强化(55%),2个不均匀强化(10%),6个无强化(30%)。CEUS动脉期:11个病灶弥漫性均匀强化(55%),7个环形强化(35%),2个不均匀强化(10%)。结论:CEUS显示乏血供肝转移瘤动脉期血供情况优于CT增强扫描;对于CT增强扫描怀疑为乏血供肝转移瘤患者,尤其是单发转移瘤,CEUS检查对临床诊断和治疗有很大帮助。