儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病DNA倍性与体内白血病细胞凋亡

目的：探讨儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(急淋)肿瘤细胞DNA倍性与凋亡间的关系。方法：检测22例初治急淋患儿的DNA倍性及化疗前后体内白血病细胞的凋亡情况。结果：化疗前所有患儿体内白血病细胞均无明显凋亡,化疗后DNA指数为 1.16～1.6 的高二倍体组凋亡细胞比例为(22.06±8.98)%,较非高二倍体组(9.38±10.27)%显著升高(P<0.01)。结论：儿童高二倍体急性淋巴细胞白血病预后优于其它DNA倍性的病人与此类白血病细胞易凋亡、对化疗敏感有关。     

分化抗原CD7与小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病的临床关系

探讨表达CD7抗原的急性淋巴细胞白血病（actue lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL）患儿的临床特点及治疗反应，方法：选择1998．4－2001．5在上海儿童医学中心和广州医学院第二附属医院住院治疗的小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）患者82例。应用一组CD系列单克隆抗体随机检测了ALL患儿的表型，G显带进行染色体核型分析，治疗采用上海儿童医学中心常规化疗方案。将CD7^ 与CD7^－的急淋进行对比。结果：CD7^＋与CD7^－急淋相比，年龄大，白细胞数高，肝脏明显增大，出现髓外白血病及严重并发症较多，第一疗程达CR人数少，达CR时间长，第一疗程内放弃治疗或死亡人数多，P170率高（均为P＜0．05），结论：CD7^＋ALL临床症状较重，治疗反应较差，预后欠佳。     

10例伴TLS-ERG融合基因阳性儿童急性白血病临床病例分析

目的探讨TLS-ERG融合基因对于儿童急性白血病的影响。方法回顾及总结分析2006年1月-2014年12月在北京儿童医院血液肿瘤中心诊断急性白血病且TLS-ERG融合基因阳性患儿的临床特征、治疗、危险度评估及预后。结果 1500例急性白血病患儿中检测出10例(0.6%)伴有TLS-ERG融合基因,其中男7例,女3例,中位年龄8岁,急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)6例,急性髓细胞白血病(AML)4例。6例ALL患儿中,免疫分型:4例为普通B淋巴细胞表型,1例为前B淋巴细胞表型,1例为带髓系标记的B淋巴细胞表型;危险度评估:2例为标危,4例为中危。4例AML患儿中,3例为AML-M2型,1例为AML-M5型。ALL患儿按照中国儿童白血病协作组(CCLG)-ALL 2008方案进行化疗,6例均在诱导缓解期达到完全缓解,按照化疗方案规律治疗,定期检测微小残留病(MRD)均小于1×10~(-4)。4例AML患儿中,2例患儿在第一疗程ADE(阿糖胞苷+柔红霉素十依托泊苷)化疗第21d复查骨穿提示未缓解,放弃治疗;1例患儿完成第一轮ADE化疗后骨髓完全缓解,按照化疗方案完成两轮ADE、MIT+ARA(米托蒽醌+阿糖胞苷)、CLASP(阿糖胞苷+左旋门冬酰胺酶)化疗后复发,后放弃治疗;1例患儿第一疗程化疗后完全缓解,后经过2疗程ADE、MIT/ARA、CLASP后骨髓细胞学完全缓解,TS-ERG融合基因仍阳性,故行父亲6/10HLA半相合造血干细胞移植,随访至今。结论 TLS-ERG融合基因在儿童急性白血病中阳性率低,但在ALL及AML患儿中均可发生。根据本中心资料,该融合基因对于ALL患儿的治疗及预后影响不大,但伴有TLS-ERG融合基因的急性髓细胞白血病患儿治疗困难,预后较差。该融合基因发生率较低,单中心资料有限,故需要多中心更大宗的资料进一步证实。     

儿童急性淋巴细胞性白血病的预后评估及其临床价值

对急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)患儿进行预后评估,从而寻找最恰当的化疗强度以减少过度化疗带来的不良反应是目前ALL研究的一个方向.除了年龄、性别、外周血象、有无中枢浸润、早期治疗反应以及微小残留灶等因素外,许多基因、分子水平的预后评估因素也在逐渐显露其临床价值,如ALL患儿的免疫表型、遗传亚型、基因表达模式以及遗传药理学等.该文即对以上预后因素及其临床价值进行综述.     

儿童急性淋巴细胞性白血病的预后评估及其临床价值

对急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)患儿进行预后评估,从而寻找最恰当的化疗强度以减少过度化疗带来的不良反应是目前ALL研究的一个方向.除了年龄、性别、外周血象、有无中枢浸润、早期治疗反应以及微小残留灶等因素外,许多基因、分子水平的预后评估因素也在逐渐显露其临床价值,如ALL患儿的免疫表型、遗传亚型、基因表达模式以及遗传药理学等.该文即对以上预后因素及其临床价值进行综述.     

儿童急性淋巴细胞性白血病的预后评估及其临床价值

对急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)患儿进行预后评估,从而寻找最恰当的化疗强度以减少过度化疗带来的不良反应是目前ALL研究的一个方向.除了年龄、性别、外周血象、有无中枢浸润、早期治疗反应以及微小残留灶等因素外,许多基因、分子水平的预后评估因素也在逐渐显露其临床价值,如ALL患儿的免疫表型、遗传亚型、基因表达模式以及遗传药理学等.该文即对以上预后因素及其临床价值进行综述.     

儿童急性淋巴细胞性白血病的预后评估及其临床价值

对急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)患儿进行预后评估,从而寻找最恰当的化疗强度以减少过度化疗带来的不良反应是目前ALL研究的一个方向.除了年龄、性别、外周血象、有无中枢浸润、早期治疗反应以及微小残留灶等因素外,许多基因、分子水平的预后评估因素也在逐渐显露其临床价值,如ALL患儿的免疫表型、遗传亚型、基因表达模式以及遗传药理学等.该文即对以上预后因素及其临床价值进行综述.     

儿童急性淋巴细胞性白血病的预后评估及其临床价值

对急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)患儿进行预后评估,从而寻找最恰当的化疗强度以减少过度化疗带来的不良反应是目前ALL研究的一个方向.除了年龄、性别、外周血象、有无中枢浸润、早期治疗反应以及微小残留灶等因素外,许多基因、分子水平的预后评估因素也在逐渐显露其临床价值,如ALL患儿的免疫表型、遗传亚型、基因表达模式以及遗传药理学等.该文即对以上预后因素及其临床价值进行综述.     

儿童急性淋巴细胞性白血病的预后评估及其临床价值

对急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)患儿进行预后评估,从而寻找最恰当的化疗强度以减少过度化疗带来的不良反应是目前ALL研究的一个方向.除了年龄、性别、外周血象、有无中枢浸润、早期治疗反应以及微小残留灶等因素外,许多基因、分子水平的预后评估因素也在逐渐显露其临床价值,如ALL患儿的免疫表型、遗传亚型、基因表达模式以及遗传药理学等.该文即对以上预后因素及其临床价值进行综述.     

儿童急性淋巴细胞性白血病的预后评估及其临床价值

对急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)患儿进行预后评估,从而寻找最恰当的化疗强度以减少过度化疗带来的不良反应是目前ALL研究的一个方向.除了年龄、性别、外周血象、有无中枢浸润、早期治疗反应以及微小残留灶等因素外,许多基因、分子水平的预后评估因素也在逐渐显露其临床价值,如ALL患儿的免疫表型、遗传亚型、基因表达模式以及遗传药理学等.该文即对以上预后因素及其临床价值进行综述.     

Breastfeeding perceptions in communities in Mangochi district in Malawi

Aim: To investigate mothers’ perceptions of breastfeeding and influences from their social network. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey was carried out in Mangochi district, Malawi where questionnaire data from 157 rural and 192 semi‐urban mother–infant pairs were obtained. Results: The proportion of mothers who thought that exclusive breastfeeding should last for 6 months and those who reported to have actually exclusively breastfed were 40.1% and 7.5% respectively. Of those who reported practising exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, 77.5% stated that exclusive breastfeeding should last for 6 months. This opinion was independently associated with giving birth in a Baby‐Friendly facility, OR = 5.22; 95% CI (1.92–14.16). Among the mothers who thought that exclusive breastfeeding should last for less than 6 months, 43.9% reported having been influenced in their opinion by health workers. Infant crying was the most common (62.4%) reason for stopping exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: The findings illustrate the positive impact health workers can have, as well as the need to raise awareness of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding among both health workers and mothers. Furthermore, continued counselling of mothers on how to deal with stressful infant behaviour such as crying may assist to prolong exclusive breastfeeding.     

胶原成分在儿童系膜增生性肾小球肾炎中的变化

目的观察系膜增生性肾小球肾炎（ＭｓＰＧＮ）系膜区胶原成分的变化。方法应用链菌素亲生物素过氧化酶连接法观察了３０例轻度ＭｓＰＧＮ肾穿刺活组织标本和正常的肾小球系膜区Ⅳ型胶原及其α链（α１、α３、α５链）、Ⅵ型胶原及Ⅰ型胶原的变化。结果（１）正常肾脏组织中，Ⅳ型胶原及其α１（Ⅳ）链分布于系膜区和基底膜，α３（Ⅳ）、α５（Ⅳ）链分布于基底膜，Ⅵ型胶原分布于系膜区、肾小球基底膜和间质，Ⅰ型胶原仅分布于肾间质。（２）在轻度ＭｓＰＧＮ时，系膜区内Ⅳ型胶原及其α１链、Ⅵ型胶原含量较正常对照明显增多（Ｐ＜０．０１）；当系膜区系膜细胞超过４个时，Ⅰ型胶原开始在肾小球内出现，且在硬化肾小球内Ⅰ型胶原均呈阳性；α３（Ⅳ）、α５（Ⅳ）链与正常对照比较无明显变化，硬化肾小球α３（Ⅳ）、α５（Ⅳ）染色呈阳性。结论系膜区胶原成分增多可先于系膜细胞增生，并随系膜细胞增生而增多，间质胶原成分Ⅰ型胶原，不但出现于硬化肾小球内，而且出现于系膜细胞增生较重时     

Achalasia in siblings in infancy

Achalasia is rare in children, more so familial. We report two siblings with familial achalasia who presented in their infancy with vomiting and failure to thrive. Achalasia can be misdiagnosed as upper gastrointestinal obstruction as happened in one of our siblings. Esophageal contrast roentgenography is diagnostic. Both the children were treated successfully by transabdominal esophagomyotomy with fundoplication.     

哮喘大鼠气道重塑中尾加压素-的表达变化

目的：研究哮喘大鼠气道重塑血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中尾加压素 Ⅱ（U-II）含量的变化及其作用。方法：32只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为正常对照组、哮喘2周组、哮喘4周组和哮喘8周组,每组8只。以卵清白蛋白(OVA)致敏与激发建立哮喘大鼠气道重塑模型,图像分析技术测量大鼠支气管壁总面积和平滑肌面积,计算单位基底膜周径(Pbm)的支气管壁厚度(Wat)和平滑肌厚度(Wam),ELISA法测定血清和BALF中U-II的含量。结果：哮喘各组Wat及Wam均明显高于正常对照组（P<0.01）;哮喘组血清和BALF中U-II含量均显著高于正常对照组（P<0.01）,其中哮喘8周组血清和BALF中U-II含量显著高于哮喘4周组和哮喘2周组（P<0.01）,哮喘4周组也显著高于哮喘2周组（P<0.01）。各组大鼠BALF中的U-II含量与Wat及Wam呈正相关,BALF与血清中U-II含量亦呈正相关。结论：哮喘大鼠气道重塑血清和BALF中U-II含量增加;且U-II含量的变化与气道重塑相关。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12（4）：287-289］     

Cardiomyopathy in children in Ahmedabad

A clinical study and follow up of 20 children with cardiomyopathies upto age of 16 years are presented. The DCM was most common variety followed by RCM and HCM in pediatric age group. SHMD presenting with cardiomyopathy were common in infancy and early childhood. Cardiomyopathies presented most frequently between 2–5 years and 10–16 years age group with DCM having almost equal distribution. Clinical presentation of various types is described, despite of vigorous decongestive and vasodilator treatment in advanced cases, course was rapidly downhill and prognosis is poor in general.     

转流术治疗小儿精索静脉曲张

目的 采用转流术治疗小儿精索静脉曲张，重新建立精索静脉通道，使静脉回流受阻立即得到改善，消除因睾丸淤血而造成的损害，以利睾丸的正常发育。方法 对28例30侧(左侧26例，双侧2例)精索静脉曲张与腹壁下静脉进行吻合，通过腹壁下静脉，髂静脉转流，手术在放大镜下应用显微外科技术进行，其中28侧用精索静脉主干，2侧结扎一条属支，用另一条静脉进行吻合。结果 通畅率为100％。术后扩张迂曲静脉团消失，阴囊下坠感消失。术后随访24例，时间为3个月-10年。除1例二次手术证实为一条静脉属支漏扎而复发外，另23例全部治愈。结论 精索静脉曲张转流术效果明显优于结扎术，可减少因睾丸淤血对其造成的进一步损害，且术后复发率低。     

北京地区2007年儿童A群轮状病毒腹泻的流行病学研究

目的 研究北京地区急性腹泻儿童中A群轮状病毒(RV)感染的流行病学特点.方法 收集2007年4月至12月我院肠道门诊就诊的2039例急性腹泻患儿的粪便标本,采用标记金的A群RV单克隆抗体,以免疫层析双抗体夹心法定性检测A群RV抗原.结果 2039份粪便标本中,621份检测到A群RV,总检出率为30.5%(621/2039),其中男430例(69.2%),女191例(30.8%).RV感染者中,以6个月～2岁年龄段的患儿为最多,共571例(91.9%).检出率以10～12月份最高,均在30%以上,其中高峰出现在11月份,达43.4%.北京地区18个区县的统计数据显示,距市区较近的区县RV抗原检出率较低,边远区县较高.少部分患儿合并肠道细菌感染.结论 A群RV为北京地区2岁以下儿童急性腹泻病的主病原,6个月～2岁婴幼儿是A群RV的易感人群,10～12月份为北京地区的流行高峰.在流行季节对肠道细菌感染患儿常规进行A群RV抗原检测有助于避免漏诊和进行更合理的治疗.     

Poisoning in children in Japan

The Japan Poison Information Centre (JPIC) received 31510 inquiries about poisoning in children under 6 years old being exposed to poison in the fiscal year 1995. The most frequently implicated products were tobacco (20%) and the peak age for ingestion of household products was 1 year and younger (83.3%). Especially, the inquiries related to children less than 1 year old were 35.7% of the cases. In contrast, the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) data showed that the most common poisonings were due to pharmaceutical products and the inquiries related to children less than 1 year old were only 12.1%. The objective of this report was to find out the poison exposure in children in Japan and to compare the data with that of AAPCC.     

Cocaine use in pregnancy in Amsterdam

To study the effects of cocaine use in pregnancy in Amsterdam, clinical data on cocaine-using pregnant women ( n = 21) and their offspring ( n = 23) were obtained retrospectively (1987–1994) at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam. Infants exposed to cocaine had a median gestational age of 39 weeks and a median birth weight of 3090 g. There were six preterm infants, two small-for-gestational-age infants and five infants with a small head circumference. Three infants had a congenital malformation. One infant (Potter's syndrome) died shortly before birth. One infant had congenital syphilis, four had intracerebral abnormalities on ultrasound and four had abnormal neurologic symptoms in the neonatal period. One infant died after 21 days of life. At follow-up four infants showed abnormal development. In 12 of the 23 infants (52%), one or more possible effects of cocaine were found.