深低温保存羊膜在结膜重建中的临床应用

目的：评价深低温保存羊膜移植进行结膜重建的手术疗效，并分析羊膜移植结膜重建手术成功的基本条件和具体手术方法与操作要点。方法：用深低温保存的羊膜治疗43例结膜整形患者。无眼球结膜囊狭窄10例，大面积结膜肿瘤13例，睑球粘连9例，复发性胬肉7例，并尝试对少数病例（4例）义眼座暴露，进行羊膜修补。结果：随诊6－18个月，总治愈率达88．64％，无眼球结膜囊狭窄的治愈率为80％，睑球粘连的治愈率达88．89％，大面积结膜肿瘤和复发性胬肉的治愈率皆为100％，而应用深低温保存羊膜修补义眼座暴露，治愈率只有50％，结论：深低温保存的羊膜是一种有良好发展前景的生物材料，羊膜移植结膜重建术后整形外观良好，在具体实践中，结膜重建的手术效果不仅与羊膜的制备和保存有关，而且受手术方法的选择，手术操作技巧以及术后处理的强烈影响。     

羊膜移植治疗结膜囊狭窄24例

目的：评价羊膜移植治疗结膜囊狭窄的效果。方法：对24例结膜囊狭窄患行结膜囊成型联合保存羊膜移植术。结果：术后随访6个月－1年，结膜囊大小及形态稳定，24例中14例经一次手术成功，10例严重的结膜囊狭窄经二次手术联合睑缘粘连性缝合半年后获得成功，结论：保存人羊膜移植治疗结膜囊狭窄，取材方便，效果显。     

羊膜移植在结膜囊成形术中的应用

目的：探讨保存人羊膜移植治疗结膜囊狭窄的效果。方法：眼球摘除术后伴有结膜囊狭窄的36例36眼，利用羊膜移植部分结膜囊成形术，术后随访观察1－12月,平均6月。结果：35眼在20－30天移植的羊膜被膜覆盖，感染1例，另1例结膜囊狭窄。结论：保存羊膜移植治疗结膜囊狭窄，取材方便，疗效显著，操作简便。     

深低温保存羊膜在结膜重建中的临床应用

目的 :分析深低温保存羊膜移植重建结膜手术成功的基本条件和具体手术方法 ,评价手术疗效。方法 :用深低温保存的羊膜治疗 43例结膜损伤患者。包括无眼球结膜囊狭窄 10例 ,大面积结膜肿瘤 13例 ,睑球粘连 9例 ,翼状胬肉 7例 ,并尝试对少数 ( 4例 )义眼座暴露病例进行羊膜修补。结果 :随诊 6～ 18个月 ,总治愈率达 88 6 4% ,无眼球结膜囊狭窄的治愈率为 80 % ,睑球粘连的治愈率达 88 89% ,大面积结膜肿瘤和复发性胬肉的治愈率皆为 10 0 % ,而应用深低温保存羊膜修补义眼座暴露 ,治愈率只有 5 0 %。结论 :深低温保存羊膜移植重建结膜手术成功的基本条件是受体眼有一定量的健康结膜。     

羊膜移植治疗严重结膜囊狭窄

目的 从临床角度探讨羊膜移植在严重结膜囊狭窄整形中的应用。方法 对11例严重的结膜囊狭窄患者在行结膜囊成形中，根据结膜缺损的范围取相当范围的羊膜铺于植床，形成新的球结膜、穹隆结膜甚至睑结膜。结果 11例中10例经一次手术、1例经二次手术后重建的结膜囊上皮化愈合，结膜囊大小、形态稳定。义眼安放合适。结论 在严重结膜囊狭窄手术修复中，用羊膜移植重建结膜囊，取材方便、手术安全、疗效可靠。     

羊膜移植结膜囊成形术临床报告

目的：观察和评价羊膜在结膜囊成形术中的应用价值。方法：采用保存人羊膜移植于结膜囊狭窄的患者行结膜囊成形术9例9只眼。结果：9只眼无1例感染，7天后移植的羊膜变透明，缝合处结膜向羊膜向羊膜上爬行。1个月后新生的结膜上皮安全覆盖移植区，结论：保存的人羊膜无抗原性，移植后能作为结膜上皮移行生长的载体，替代球结膜用于结膜囊成形术的效果满意。     

显微羊膜移植技术重建严重眼表烧伤临床观察

目的 评价显微羊膜移植技术重建眼表烧伤的临床效果。方法 对22例（24眼）严重眼表烧伤患者分别采用单纯羊膜移植术，羊膜移植联合异体新鲜角膜缘移植术，羊膜移植结膜囊成形术，并随访观察术后疗效，结果 13例（15例）单纯羊膜移植患者中，11例（17眼）无角膜结膜进行性溶解和穿孔，无新生血管和假性胬肉侵入角膜表面，2例因眼睑缺损，眼表干燥导致羊膜，角膜溶解穿孔，眼球萎缩，羊膜联合异体角膜缘移植术5例中，眼表结构恢复正常。无假性胬肉及睑球粘连发生，羊膜移植结膜囊成形术4例中，3例恢复了眼球的运动功能，1例因植片下积血，预后较差，再次发生眼球粘连，结论 运用显微手术羊膜移植重建眼表烧伤，可有效减少角膜溃疡穿孔，预防或修复睑球粘连，减少眼表新生血管，羊膜被认为是眼表重建较为理想的生物膜。     

羊膜移植治療結膜囊狭窄24例

目的 评价羊膜移植治疗结膜囊狭窄的效果。方法 对24例结膜囊狭窄患者行结膜囊成型联合保存羊膜移植术 结果术后随访6个月～1年,结膜囊大小及形态稳定,24例中14例经一次手术成功,10例严重的结膜囊狭窄经二次手楞联合睑缘粘连性缝合半年后获得成功。结论 保存人羊膜移植治疗结膜囊狭窄,取材方便,效果显著。     

羊膜移植结膜囊再造治疗睑球粘连的临床观察

目的 观察和评价不同眼表疾病中羊膜移植结膜囊再造治疗睑球粘连的效果。方法 采用新鲜羊膜移植行结膜囊再造11例(11眼)。其中酸、碱、热灼伤及机械损伤所致睑球粘连6例(6眼)，复发性翼状胬肉睑球粘连5例(5眼)，其中2眼眼球活动受限。分别行粘连切除、羊膜移植及结膜囊再造术，术后随访6～11月。结果 11例中手术成功形成满意结膜囊8例。局部瘢痕粘连，但仍有正常深度结膜囊2例，结膜囊变浅l例。结论 新鲜羊膜取材方便，羊膜移植是行结膜囊再造治疗睑球粘连的有效方法。     

新鲜羊膜在结膜囊成形术中的应用

目的 评价新鲜羊膜在结膜囊成形术中应用的疗效。方法 在给2例(2眼)无眼球，结膜囊狭窄患者行结膜囊成形术时，将新鲜的人羊膜移植到结膜缺损的植床上。结果 2例2眼术后20～30天移植的羊膜被结膜上皮覆盖。随访12～20月。无继发感染或排斥反应。2例放置正常大小义眼片，外观满意。结论 新鲜人羊膜移植治疗结膜囊狭窄取材方便，疗效显著。     

Electrophysiological determination of the refractive state of the eye of the opossum

The refractive state of the eye of the South American opossum Didelphis marsupialis aurita was investigated with electrophysiological techniques. Using adult specimens, trapped from the wild, averaged cortical evoked responses were recorded from the region of projection of the central visual field. Stimuli consisted of a phase reversal of a square wave grating generated on a CRO screen, with luminance of 2.4 cd/m2 and contrast 0.84. The refractive state of the eye was altered by means of trial lenses and the amplitude of the cortical responses thus obtained compared to those obtained with no lens (control values). Refraction "tuning curves" were determined for each animal. The average refractive state was found to be -2.27 D indicating that this species when raised in its habitat shows, at low ambient luminosity, some degree of myopia. Determination of the Contrast Sensitivity Function indicate that induced ametropias lead to a reduction of the cut-off value of the spatial frequency and a loss of contrast sensitivity.     

Influence of exercise on the structure of the anterior chamber of the eye

Purpose

To measure changes in anterior chamber structure before and after exercise in healthy individuals using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT).

Methods

Thirty‐two healthy young individuals performed jogging for 20 min. Eye blinking rate was recorded during rest and exercise. The anterior chamber angle (ACA), angle opening distance at 500 μm from the scleral spur (AOD500), trabecular‐iris space area at 500 μm from the scleral spur (TISA500), iris concavity (IC), iris concavity ratio (CR), iris thickness at 750 μm from the scleral spur (IT750), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber width (ACW), pupil diameter (PD), intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before and after exercise. Anterior chamber angle (ACA), AOD500, TISA500, IC, IT750, ACD, ACW and PD were measured with ASOCT.

Results

Compared with rest, the blinking rate during exercise did not change significantly (13.04 ± 5.80 versus 13.52 ± 5.87 blinks/min, p = 0.645). The average IOP (15.4 ± 2.4 versus 12.4 ± 2.1 mmHg), ACA (35.96 ± 11.35 versus 40.25 ± 12.64 degrees), AOD500 (0.800 ± 0.348 versus 0.942 ± 0.387 mm), TISA500 (0.308 ± 0.155 versus 0.374 ± 0.193 mm²), IC (?0.078 ± 0.148 versus ?0.153 ± 0.159 mm) and CR (?0.027 ± 0.050 versus ?0.054 ± 0.056) changed significantly (all p < 0.001), while the average IT750 (0.463 ± 0.084 versus 0.465 ± 0.086 mm; p = 0.492), ACD (3.171 ± 0.229 versus 3.175 ± 0.238 mm; p = 0.543) and ACW (11.768 ± 0.377 versus 11.755 ± 0.378 mm; p = 0.122) showed no significant change after exercise.

Conclusion

The blinking rate did not change significantly during exercise, while ACA, AOD500 and TISA500 increased after exercise. Exercise also induced or increased IC. These changes in anterior chamber structure were only associated with exercise, but not with the postexercise change in PD or IOP.     

Determination of the location of the fovea on the fundus

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the distance between optic nerve head and fovea in healthy eyes determined by scanning laser ophthalmoscope may facilitate estimation of the location of the fovea relative to the optic disc in patients with macular disease. METHODS: The angular distance was measured, in horizontal and vertical directions, between the center of the optic nerve head and the fovea in 104 eyes of 104 healthy probands. For additional evaluation of intraindividual variation in 70 of these persons the contralateral eye was measured as well. RESULTS: The distance between the optic disc and the fovea differed vertically more than horizontally (-1.5 +/- 0.9 degrees [-3.65 to +0.65 degrees ] vs. 15.5 +/- 1.1 degrees [13.0-17.9 degrees ]). There was a mean angle between the fovea and the center of the optic disc versus the horizon of -5.6 +/- 3.3 degrees. The intraindividual difference between right and left eyes was markedly lower, with average angles being 0.2 +/- 1.3 degrees vertically and 0.0 +/- 1.1 degrees horizontally. CONCLUSIONS: The distance between the optic nerve head and the fovea does not allow for a meaningful determination of the location of the fovea in eyes in which morphologic changes have occurred. The angle of rotation of the fovea relatively to the center of the optic nerve head is relatively stable. Therefore, the size of a central scotoma can be determined by movement of the blind spot according to the change of the preferred retinal locus (PRL). In addition, the knowledge of the location of the fovea enables determination of the position in the contralateral eye of the same patient.