子宫肌瘤的MRI表现与临床病理相关性研究

目的　分析对照子宫肌瘤的MRI表现与组织病理学特点 ,着重分析MRI表现与组织病理学的相关性。评价钆喷替酸葡甲胺 (Gd DTPA)增强MRI在鉴别组织亚型中的作用。方法　搜集 1998年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 3月间 4 2例在我院诊治、并有手术病理证实的子宫肌瘤患者 ,对治疗前的MRI检查资料和完整的临床相关资料进行回顾性分析。入选子宫肌瘤数目为 10 1个。使用PhilipsGyroscanT5 Ⅱ型 0 5T超导型或PhilipsIntera 1 5T超导型MR扫描仪进行扫描 ,常规检查方法平扫为SET1WI和快速自旋回波 (TSE)T2 WI,增强扫描为T1WI成像。结果　绝大部分的子宫肌瘤T1WI信号强度都表现为稍低或等信号 ,普通型在T2 WI主要以低信号为主 ,占 97% (5 1/ 5 8) ;细胞型与退变型在T2 WI均表现为以稍高信号为主 ,分别占 75 % (9/ 12 )和 5 5 % (17/ 31)。细胞型与退变型在T2 WI的信号强度差异无显著性意义 (χ2 =4 192 ,P >0 0 5 ) ,而细胞型和退变型与普通型在T2 WI信号强度的差异有显著性意义 (χ2 =81 5 6 4 ,P <0 0 5 )。不同病理类型肌瘤的均质性差异有显著性意义 ,普通型肌瘤和细胞型肌瘤主要表现为T1WI和T2 WI都均匀 ,退变型肌瘤则以T1WI均匀、T2 WI不均匀为主。普通型肌瘤 3种强化方式都可出现 ,以均匀强化略多见 ;细胞型肌瘤以均     

子宫腺肌症离体标本的MRI研究

目的 研究离体子宫腺肌症的MRI特征及其组织病理基础，为MRI诊断子宫腺肌症提供实验基础。资科与方法 对16个非子宫体病变、36个子宫腺肌症和30个子宫平滑肌瘤手术切除的新鲜子宫进行MRI扫描。全部标本均采用TSE序列T1WI、T2WI及IR序列T1WI，在各序列上观察正常子宫壁MRI结构及子宫腺肌症的MRI特征并与子宫平滑肌瘤比较，其结果与组织病理学对照。结果 MRI能显示正常子宫与组织学分层相关的2～4层结构。子宫腺肌症的MRI表现可以体现相关的病理基础，病灶表现为结合带弥漫性／局限性增厚或外肌层结合带祥信号灶，T2WI可混杂有局灶性高信号；当有陈旧性出血时，T1WI也可混杂局灶性高信号灶。子宫有不同程度的增大，轮廓光滑，有时可见子宫分层结构变形。根据这些特征有助与子宫肌瘤鉴别。结论 子宫腺肌症离体标本具有特征性的MRI征象，MRI在子宫腺肌症的诊断和鉴别诊断中有着重要作用。     

子宫平滑肌瘤的MRI诊断

目的　探讨子宫平滑肌瘤的MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法　全部病例均行MRI及超声检查。结合手术病理结果回顾性分析 32例 ( 71个病灶 )子宫平滑肌瘤的MRI表现 ,并与超声检查相对比。结果　所有病灶MRI均表现为T1WI中等或略低信号 ;T2 WI低信号 ,退变型肌瘤夹杂有斑片状高信号 ,肿瘤边界清楚 ,瘤周大多可见包膜 ( 5 5 / 71)。对发现 <2cm的肿瘤、判断肿瘤变性及肿瘤的定位MRI均优于超声检查。结论　子宫平滑肌瘤MRI表现颇具特征性 ,较B超检出率更高 ,可获得更精确的资料 ,对制定治疗方案及随访观察肿瘤的变化具有较大的临床意义     

肾平滑肌瘤的MRI表现

【摘要】目的：分析肾平滑肌瘤的MRI表现,提高影像诊断准确性。方法：回顾性分析2006－2018年经本院病理证实的9例肾平滑肌瘤的MRI表现,重点分析病变的形态、有无假包膜、脂质、出血和囊变坏死、在T2WI、T1WI和DWI上的信号特点及动态增强扫描表现。结果：9例肾平滑肌瘤长径为10~84mm,平均40.3mm。所有病变（9/9）在T1WI上呈等或稍低信号,未见脂质和出血信号,出现囊变坏死3例（3/9）;在T2WI上呈类圆形等或稍低信号8例（8/9）,其中有假包膜5例（5/9）;在DWI上呈等及稍高信号8例（8/9）;在皮髓质期呈不均匀轻度强化7例（7/9）,病灶实性部分表现为延迟期均匀强化9例（9/9）。结论：肾平滑肌瘤的MRI表现有一定特征性,DWI和动态增强扫描可提高诊断准确性。     

子宫脂肪平滑肌瘤的CT及MRI特征

目的探讨分析子宫脂肪平滑肌瘤的CT及MRI特征。方法回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的子宫脂肪平滑肌瘤CT及MRI表现。术前仅行CT检查3例,仅行MRI检查2例。结果 5例子宫脂肪平滑肌瘤均单发,边界较清晰,1例可见包膜。CT检查3例均位于宫体肌壁间,由脂肪密度及软组织密度以不同比例相间分布,其中1例两者比例相当,2例以软组织密度为主;软组织部分其密度较正常子宫肌层密度稍低,相对均匀。MRI检查1例位于宫颈,1例位于左侧阔韧带,两例均以脂肪成分为主,病灶大部分呈T1WI及T2WI高、T1WSPIR低信号改变。动态增强后5例病灶内软组织成分呈轻到中度强化。结论子宫脂肪平滑肌瘤的CT及MRI表现具有一定特征性,CT、MRI检查对该病有较高的诊断价值。     

子宫腺肌症的MRI表现及其病理学对照研究

目的：研究MRI在子宫腺肌症诊断中的应用价值。方法：对30例子宫腺肌症患者行矢状面快速自旋回波（Turbo SE)T1WI,T2TI,T1和T2频谱预饱和翻转恢复序列（T1SPIR和T2SPIR）扫描，必要时辅以横断面或冠状面扫描。所有病例均经手术病理证实。结果：弥漫型子宫腺肌症12例，在T2WI上表现为子宫结合带弥漫性增厚，厚度10－35mm，平均18mm，6例病变呈均匀低信号；6例病变内有散在的点高信号区，其中5例在T1WI仍表现为高信号。局限型子宫腺肌症（腺肌瘤）18例共23个病灶，在T2WI上表现为肌层内卵圆形，不规则形或类圆形肿块，呈与结合带信号相近的低信号，直径2．0－7.5cm，平均3.9cm，除1个病灶与周围肌组织有较清楚的界限外，其余病灶均与周围肌组织分界不清，15个病灶内有散在点状高信号区，其中12个在T1WI上也呈高信号，MRI上弥漫增厚的结合带和局限性低信号肿块，病理学上为异位内膜岛周围增生肥大的平滑肌，其内散在的点状信号区异异位内膜岛。仅在T2WI表现高信号的为示出血的内膜岛，在T1WI和T2WI均为高信号的为出血的内膜岛。结论：MRI是诊断子宫腺肌症的优越的无创性检查方法，T2WI最佳扫描序列，T2WI与T1WI，T1SPIR，T2SPIR4种序列相结合可大大提高断诊准确率。     

颅底软骨肉瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的 分析颅底软骨肉瘤的CT和MRI表现，探讨CT和MRI的诊断价值和限度。资料与方法搜集经病理组织学证实的12例颅底软骨肉瘤，均行CT及MRI平扫。其中8例行MRI增强扫描。结果 11例CT上可见不同程度的钙化，MRTlWI呈低等信号，T2WI呈不均匀高信号；1例CT表现为囊性低密度，伴有高密度点状出血灶，T1WI呈以低信号为主夹杂高信号出血灶，T2WI呈均匀高信号，边界清晰。8例MRI增强扫描均表现为不均匀强化，信号及密度改变与病理相符。结论 颅底软骨肉瘤的CT和MRI表现与病理相符。CT和MRI是诊断颅底软骨肉瘤的有效方法。     

子宫肌瘤的MRI表现及其临床价值的分析

目的分析子宫肌瘤的MRI表现特点,评价MRI对该病的临床诊断价值.方法回顾性分析40例经手术病理证实的子宫平滑肌瘤患者的MRI资料,仔细观察壁间型、黏膜下型与浆膜下型肌瘤在TiWI,T2WI,STIR及增强后T1WI上的表现,并分别统计各型的例数,作行X列表的卡方检验.结果MRI对该病诊断的敏感性为100%,诊断符合率为90%;所有病灶T1WI均为等低信号,临近结合带无明显变化;子宫形态变化、病灶周边及内膜的改变与肌瘤的生长部位有关,经检验,差别有高度统计学意义(P＜0.01);各型在T2WI上信号的差别无统计意义(P＞0.05);T2WI及STIR图像对病灶的显示最清晰.结论选择合适的MRI检查序列与方法可以准确地将肌瘤的位置、大小及与周围的关系显示清楚,并能对病灶内部发生的病理改变作出一定的判断,对指导临床制定治疗方案、随访观察肿瘤的变化具有重要价值.     

子宫腺肌症的低场MRI表现

目的:探讨子宫腺肌症低场MRI表现及其诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析手术病理证实的35例子宫腺肌症MRI图像,并与病理对照研究.结果:弥漫型子宫腺肌症12例,9例结合带弥漫性均匀或不均匀增厚,3例结合带显示不清,T2WI表现结合带-肌壁弥漫性增厚.呈与结合带信号相近低信号病灶中夹杂点状、短条状或小囊状高信号,T1WI等信号10例、点状或小囊状高信号2例;局限型子宫腺肌症(腺肌瘤)23例26个肿块,后壁14个、前壁10个、底壁2个.紧靠子宫内膜边缘21个、邻近5个,为卵圆形、不规则形或类圆形,边缘模糊22个、较清楚4个.T2WI肿块均与结合带信号相近低信号内夹杂灶性高信号,T1WI肿块呈稍低或等信号,其中9个夹杂少量灶性高信号.结论:①子宫腺肌症的低场MRI表现具有特征性,能够反映本病的病理改变.其形态学特点是结合带-肌壁弥漫性增厚或呈边界不清的肿块,其信号特点是低信号区内混杂灶性高信号(T2WI高信号灶为异位内膜岛,T1WI高信号为出血灶);②矢状T2WI及IRFSET2WI图像对病灶显示最清晰,是子宫腺肌症MRI最佳扫描序列.     

多发性内分泌腺瘤Ⅱa型的MRI表现

目的：探讨多发性内分泌腺瘤Ⅱa型(MENⅡa)的MRI表现，提高对该病的认识和诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析经临床手术病理证实的4例患者MRI资料，4例均行MRI平扫和增强扫描。结果：MENⅡa的MRI表现，嗜铬细胞瘤均发生在肾上腺，平扫表现为有完整包膜的信号均匀或不均匀的肿块，增强后呈不均匀强化，MRI特异性表现为T1WI呈明显高信号，出血、坏死、囊腔形成表现为信号不均匀。甲状腺髓样癌(medullary thyroid carcinoma，MTC)：肿瘤在T1WI上可为略低、略高或等信号，在T2WI上为不均匀高信号，转移淋巴结在STIR序列上呈明显高信号，增强后不均匀强化，淋巴结边缘明显强化，中央呈低信号。结论：MRI对MEN-Ⅱa的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值，对评价肿瘤与周围结构的关系和制订手术方案十分重要。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）