平板运动试验可疑阳性与冠脉造影结果的对照分析

目的对照平板运动试验与冠状动脉造影结果,探讨平板运动试验可疑阳性的原因。方法101例平板运动试验可疑阳性患者,其中54例在行平板运动试验检查后1～2周内均行冠状动脉造影术,分析这54例患者的平板运动试验和冠状动脉造影结果。结果54例平板运动试验可疑阳性者中有15例冠状动脉造影阳性,39例冠状动脉造影阴性。15例阳性中冠状动脉单支病变12例,双支病变2例,三支病变1例;39例阴性中女性30例,男性9例。结论在平板运动试验可疑阳性而冠状动脉造影阳性病例中男性占50%以上,值得重视;而冠状动脉造影阴性病例女性占80%以上,若能进一步排除各种干扰因素,平板运动试验诊断冠心病的准确性还会有所提高。     

运动平板试验对青年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的诊断价值

目的评估运动平板试验对青年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）患者的诊断意义。方法选择有典型胸痛症状的青年男、女患者各200例行运动平板试验,择期进行冠状动脉造影,对其结果进行对照分析。结果男性患者冠状动脉造影结果阳性142例中运动平板试验阳性136例,阴性6例;男性患者冠状动脉造影结果阴性58例中运动平板试验阳性10例,阴性48例。女性患者冠状动脉造影结果阳性90例中运动平板试验阳性84例,阴性6例;女性患者冠状动脉造影结果阴性110例中运动平板试验阳性56例,阴性54例。运动平板试验诊断男性青年冠心病的特异性和准确性高于女性,差异有统计学意义（82．8％vs．46．5％,P〈0．01：93．0％弧60．0％,P〈0．01）。结论运动平板试验对男性青年冠心病的诊断符合率高于女性。     

65例活动平板运动试验与冠状动脉造影对照分析

本文报告６５例平板运动试验与冠状动脉造影对比分析的结果，６５例中冠状动脉狭窄≤５０％者２９例，其中平板运动试验阳性２２例，阴性７例，冠状动脉正常者３６例，平板运动试验阳性７例，阴性２９例。平板运动试验检出冠心病的敏感性７６％，特异性８０％，预测准确性７６％。敏感性与冠状动脉病变范围有关，文中２、３支病变者敏感性（８８％，８３％）明显高于单支病变者（６４％）。预测准确性与受检人群的患病率有关，文中典型心绞痛２９例中平板运动试验阳性２２例，其中真阳性２０例，预测准确性７６％，而３６例不典型心绞痛患者平板运动试验阳性仅８例，其中真阳性仅２例，预测准确性仅２５％。运动试验早期低运动量时出现心肌缺血提示３支病变，本文３支病变者运动诱发心肌缺血，心电图显示缺血型ＳＴ段压低≥１ｍｍ的时间为２５６．７±１３２．３秒，较单支病变（４５７．３±２５１；７秒）２支病变（３４１．４±１７０．８秒）为短Ｐ＜０．００１。     

运动试验阳性的女性患者冠脉造影结果分析

目的探讨平板运动试验对女性冠心病的诊断价值。方法对77例平板运动试验阳性的女性患者行冠状动脉造影检查，对结果进行回顾性分析。结果冠状动脉造影阳性48例（62．33％），阴性29例（37．67％）。阳性患者中单支病变10例，双支病变25例，多支病变13例。有胸痛症状者45例，冠状动脉造影阳性40例；无明显症状者32例，冠状动脉造影阳性8例。结论女性平板运动试验结果中，无临床症状者假阳性较多，有危险因素和临床症状者，平板运动试验阳性与冠状动脉造影阳性结果的符合率较高。     

平板运动试验阳性改变诊断冠心病的临床意义

目的为进一步探讨平板运动试验阳性改变诊断冠心病的临床意义。方法对150例平板运动试验阳性改变者，择期行冠状动脉造影检查。结果150例患者中冠状动脉造影异常者93例(占62％)。结论平板运动试验阳性改变在冠心病诊断中具有重要的临床意义。     

116例平板运动试验阳性患者冠脉造影分析

目的进一步探讨平板运动试验阳性改变诊断冠心病的临床意义。方法对116例平板运动试验阳性改变者,择期行冠状动脉造影检查。结果 116例患者中冠状动脉造影异常者81例(69.82%)。结论平板运动试验阳性改变在冠心病诊断中具有重要的临床意义。     

平板运动试验与冠状动脉造影的对照分析

目的 对照平板运动试验与冠状动脉造影的结果，探讨运动试验正确诊断冠心病的影响因素，提高诊断冠心病的准确性。方法 选择确诊或拟诊冠心病患者130例，在一周内行冠状动脉造影术和活动平板运动试验，将两种检查结果对比分析。结果 冠状动脉造影阳性病例82例中，运动试验阳性46例，阴性36例。冠状动脉造影阴性病例48例中，运动试验阳性19例，阴性29例。单支病变，狭窄程度较轻者易出现运动试验假阴性，而多支病变也可能出现运动试验假阴性。原有ST-T改变、合并高血压，左室肥厚者易出现运动试验假阳性。结论 进行平板运动试验检查时需综合分析患者的临床诊断，临床表现，运动耐量等，以提高对冠心病诊断的准确性。     

平板运动试验时U波倒置的临床意义

目的 通过对比平板运动试验中U波倒置和ST段压低的发生情况,评价U波倒置对诊断冠心病的临床意义.方法 选择我院内科2011年8月～2013年2月心内科行平板运动试验检查的患者151例,其中男性76例,平均年龄57.9±5.16岁;女性75例,平均年龄55.4±7.09岁.对平板运动试验中出现的U波倒置和ST段下移进行对比研究和分析.结果 151例患者中,平板运动试验阳性55例,阴性96例;U波阳性33例,阴性118例.平板运动试验的阳性率36.4％,U波阳性率21.8％,卡方检验显示p=0.014;平板运动试验阳性的患者中冠脉造影阳性49例,阴性6例;U波阳性的患者中冠脉造影阳性27例,阴性6例.平板运动试验阻性的敏感性89.1％,U波阳性的敏感性81.8％,卡方检验显示p=0.578.结论 平板运动试验中U波倒置发生率较ST段下移发生率低,但冠脉造影确诊的冠心病患者中,U波倒置的敏感性和ST段下移相似,建议作为冠心病患者平板运动的阳性指标之一.     

假阳性负荷试验:215例的血液动力学、血管造影及临床数据的多变数分析

负荷试验由于假阳性高而遭受非议。为了探讨其原因,作者详细分析了活动平板运动试验阳性而冠状动脉造影正常的病例,并利用临床资料作多变数辨别分析,试图改善活动平板运动试验的诊断正确性。方法:215例拟诊冠心病而作冠状动脉造影及负荷试验的患者,根据其结果分为真     

运动试验T波正常化对冠心病诊断价值分析

目的对照平板运动试验与冠状动脉造影结果,探讨T波正常化在诊断冠心病中的价值。方法选择符合标准的84例患者行平板运动试验和冠状动脉造影,观察运动试验引起的T波正常化与冠状动脉造影阳性之间的关系,并分别与运动试验阳性、阴性的冠状动脉造影结果相对比。结果84例中T波正常化11例,其中冠造阳性7例,运动试验阳性53例,其中冠造阳性34例;运动试验阴性20例,其中冠造阳性5例。结论T波正常化者冠造阳性率63.6%,与传统运动试验阳性标准相比较无显著性差异,所以可以将T波正常化作为运动试验阳性的新指标。     

Women with chest pain: is exercise testing worthwhile?

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic value of the exercise tolerance test (ETT) in women presenting with chest pain. DESIGN: Prospective study of all women presenting to a centre with chest pain between 1987 and 1993 who were assessed by an ETT and coronary angiography. SETTING: The outpatient clinic of one consultant cardiologist in a tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS: All women referred to this outpatient clinic with chest pain were screened. For inclusion, patients had to perform ETT and undergo coronary angiography. Of the 347 referred during this period, 142 were excluded because they were unable to perform ETT or because of Q waves or other abnormalities on their resting electrocardiogram. RESULTS: Overall the sensitivity of the ETT was 68% and the specificity was 61%, with a positive predictive value of 0.61 and a negative predictive value of 0.68. There were 42 false positive and 31 false negative ETT results (36% of the study group). The predictive value of a negative test was higher in younger women (< 52 years) than in the older group (> or = 52 years) (P = 0.004), but the positive predictive value in the two groups was not significantly different. The predictive value of a negative test was also higher in those with two or fewer risk factors than in those with three or more risk factors (P = 0.001). The negative predictive value for those women above 52 years with three or more risk factors (24% of the study group) was only 0.25. Lack of chest pain during ETT was associated with a higher negative predictive value in the younger group than in the older women (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: In women with chest pain use of the ETT was a misleading predictor of the presence or absence of coronary disease in 36% of these patients. In particular, a negative test in older women with three or more risk factors had a very low predictive value. The inclusion of risk factors and division by age can, however, be used to identify a population at intermediate risk for coronary artery disease in whom the ETT result has the highest diagnostic utility.     

血红蛋白水平对平板运动试验阳性结果诊断价值的影响

目的研究血红蛋白水平对平板运动试验阳性结果诊断价值的影响。方法选择2010年1月到2016年12月因胸痛或胸闷怀疑冠心病行平板运动试验阳性和冠状动脉造影者300例,造影结果显示主要血管狭窄≥70%的137例(阳性组),<70%163例(阴性组),分析比较临床资料及对运动平板试验阳性结果预测值的影响。结果阳性组的血红蛋白、尿酸、肌酐、甘油三酯、男性比例、吸烟比例和高血压比例明显高于阴性组,红细胞分布密度(RDW)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)低于阴性组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。单因素和多因素logistic回归分析血红蛋白是平板运动试验阳性患者预测冠心病的独立预测因素。ROC曲线分析,血红蛋白曲线下面积0.702(P<0.01),血红蛋白≥137g/L,其敏感度为60.58%,特异度为74.85%。结论血红蛋白水平会影响平板运动试验阳性结果的诊断价值。     

In search of the false-negative exercise treadmill testing evidence-based use of exercise echocardiography

BACKGROUND: Controversy exists regarding the role of exercise treadmill testing (ETT) versus exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) as the appropriate initial noninvasive test to risk-stratify patients with chest pain. The majority of studies to date that evaluated these methodologies included patients with poor functional status and baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, potentially limiting the sensitivity of ETT. HYPOTHESIS: We examined the hypothesis that given stringent standards of exercise duration and ECG interpretability, the ETT would have a high diagnostic sensitivity for the presence of significant coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Results of concurrent ETT and ESE in 3,098 patients were examined, and the subset of patients with a negative ETT and positive ESE (-ETT/ + ESE) were reviewed for the presence of CAD as a function of exercise duration (< or > or = 6 min) and baseline ECG normality. RESULTS: In those patients with a - ETT/ + ESE who exercised > or = 6 min, 54 had a normal baseline ECG, 22 underwent angiography and 6 had CAD (all of whom had either small, grafted or collateralized vessels). Patients with a - ETT/ + ESE who were incapable of exercising 6 min were more frequently older and female. Mortality was significantly greater in the < 6 min exercise duration group (31.4 versus 3.1%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the use of the ETT without imaging as the initial test in patients with chest pain who have a normal baseline ECG and are able to exercise 6 min. Using these criteria, false negative findings are generally seen in patients without critical large vessel epicardial disease. The ESE should be reserved as the initial test for patients with an abnormal baseline ECG or reduced functional capacity.     

Coronary artery calcium by digital cinefluoroscopy in patients with pain suggestive of an acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUND: Detection of coronary calcium may be a useful noninvasive approach for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) in subjects presenting to the emergency department with chest pain. HYPOTHESIS: We tried to assess the diagnostic value of coronary artery calcium (CAC) detection by digital cinefluoroscopy in patients with new-onset chest pain suggestive of an acute coronary syndrome. METHODS: In 97 consecutive patients (70 men, 27 women, mean standard deviation [SD] age 55 (11) and 60 (8) years, respectively), with new-onset chest pain suggestive of an acute coronary syndrome, nondiagnostic electrocardiogram, and normal initial creatine kinase (CK)-MB, digital cinefluoroscopy was performed for CAC detection. RESULTS: All patients underwent routine clinical evaluation with treadmill exercise test, thallium scintigraphy, dobutamine stress echocardiography, and coronary angiography, as needed clinically and blinded to the cinefluoroscopy results. Coronary artery calcium was present in 27 of 33 (81.8%) of patients with and in 10 of 64 (15.6%) of patients without CAD, p < 0.0001. The presence of CAC had 82% sensitivity, 84% specificity, 73% positive predictive value, and 90% negative predictive value for CAD diagnosis (odds ratio = 24.3, 95% confidence interval 7.98-73.94). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with acute chest pain, nondiagnostic electrocardiogram and normal initial enzyme evaluation, CAC detection by digital cinefluoroscopy appears to have high sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value for CAD diagnosis.     

Diagnostic work-up of unselected patients with suspected coronary artery disease: complementary role of multidetector computed tomography, symptoms and electrocardiogram stress test

AIM: We evaluated the accuracy of multidetector computed tomography in detecting coronary artery disease and how it could change the indication to coronary angiography in patients with suspected cardiac chest pain. METHODS AND RESULTS: We enrolled 142 consecutive patients who had already performed an exercise electrocardiogram test referred to our hospital and scheduled for coronary angiography for chest pain. According to the characteristics of chest pain and the results of exercise electrocardiogram, patients were divided into four groups: atypical chest pain and negative exercise electrocardiogram (group 1); typical chest pain and negative exercise electrocardiogram (group 2); atypical chest pain and positive exercise electrocardiogram (group 3); and typical chest pain with positive exercise electrocardiogram (group 4). We evaluated the accuracy of multidetector computed tomography and whether it could reduce the number of unnecessary coronary angiography in the study groups. Of 1801 segments larger than 1.5 mm, 1696 (94%) were assessable. In a segment based-model, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy were 81% (95% confidence interval 75-89%), 94% (95% confidence interval 90-98%), 96% (95% confidence interval 93-98%), 75% (95% confidence interval 69-82%) and 91% (95% confidence interval 89-93%), respectively. In a patient-based model, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy were 95% (95% confidence interval 91-99%), 78% (95% confidence interval 67-89%), 88% (95% confidence interval 79-97%), 89% (95% confidence interval 83-95%) and 89% (95% confidence interval 84-94%). Unnecessary coronary angiography may be avoided by multidetector computed tomography results particularly in group 2 (16%) and group 3 (24%), whereas in groups 1 and 4 the role of multidetector computed tomography in facilitating the correct indication to coronary angiography was less relevant. CONCLUSIONS: Multidetector computed tomography is a particularly helpful technique in patients with discordance between the clinical features of chest pain and stress-test results. This technique may be introduced in the diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected coronary artery disease and may potentially reduce the number of unnecessary coronary angiography.     

吸烟和高脂血症是冠状动脉痉挛的重要危险因子

目的：探讨临床上具有心绞痛样胸痛发作但无显著冠状动脉狭窄患者胸痛的病因，并甄别与冠状动脉痉挛相关的临床危险因子，方法：对275例临床上具有心绞痛发作但冠状动脉造影无显著冠状动脉狭窄患者进行乙酰胆碱试验，以冠状动脉狭窄程度达到90％以上伴胸痛发作和／或心电图缺血性改变为冠状动脉痉挛的诊断标准。Logistic回归强迫引入法分析冠状动脉痉挛与性别，年龄，高血压，糖尿病，吸烟，血脂代谢紊乱和心电图活动平板试验结果的关系，并根据乙酰胆碱试验结果分组比较左室射血分数和舒张末期压力，结果：271例资料完整的患者中乙酰胆碱试验的阳性率为38％，Logistic回归分析表明，吸烟和高脂血症分别使冠状动脉痉挛的优势比（OR）值增加4．2倍和2．3倍，糖尿病与冠状动脉痉挛呈显著负相关，冠状动脉痉挛对左室功能无明显影响，结论：冠状动脉痉挛是冠状动脉造影正常的心绞痛患者的重要病因之一，吸烟和高脂血症是冠状动脉痉挛的重要危险因子。     

平板运动试验不同导联ST改变对冠心病的诊断价值

目的:总结平板运动试验中不同导联ST改变对冠心病的诊断价值。方法:2001年1月至2005年12月在我科行平板运动试验阳性患者300例,进行了冠脉造影检查,回顾性总结分析其平板运动试验中不同导联ST段变化对冠心病的诊断价值。结果:平板运动试验阳性患者300例。冠脉造影检查阳性231例,其中肢体导联阳性组37例,胸导联阳性组89例,肢体导联 胸导联阳性组105例,胸导联ST改变较单纯肢体导联ST改变有显著的差异性(P<0.05)。结论:平板运动试验诊断中胸导联ST改变较单纯肢体导联ST改变对冠心病的诊断有较好的预测价值。     

Usefulness of 64-slice multidetector computed tomography in diagnostic triage of patients with chest pain and negative or nondiagnostic exercise treadmill test result

The usefulness of 64-slice multidetector coronary computed tomography (MDCT) in a diagnostic triage of 100 consecutive patients (age 55.8+/-11.6 years; 57% men) with chest pain suspected to be ischemic in origin and a negative or nondiagnostic exercise treadmill test (ETT) result was examined. None of the patients had previously known coronary artery disease (CAD). MDCT showed obstructive (>or=50%) CAD in 29 patients; 13 of 59 patients (22%) with a negative and 16 of 41 patients (39%) with a nondiagnostic ETT result. High-risk (left main and/or 3-vessel) CAD was present in 3.3% of patients with a negative and 4.9% with a nondiagnostic ETT result. The 29 patients with obstructive CAD on MDCT had a higher mean Agatston calcium score (221+/-402 vs 40+/-77 U, p<0.001). Invasive coronary angiography confirmed MDCT findings in 26 of 29 patients (positive predictive value 90%) and 45 of 54 stenotic segments (83%) in a per-segment analysis. For the 71 patients without obstructive CAD on MDCT, clinically driven invasive angiography detected CAD in 1 of 15 patients (1 false-negative MDCT result) and 2 of another 5 patients who were referred for invasive angiography later during a 12-month follow-up period. In the remaining 51 patients, MDCT findings effectively allowed exclusion of obstructive CAD, and there were no major adverse clinical events during follow-up. In conclusion, in patients with chest pain possibly ischemic in origin, no previously known CAD, and a negative or nondiagnostic ETT result, contrast-enhanced 64-slice MDCT scanning was a useful tool to provide direct noninvasive coronary angiography and rapidly advance diagnostic triage.     

Treadmill Exercise Testing in the Presence of Digitalis Therapy or Nonspecific ST-T Changes: Correlation with Coronary Angiography

Treadmill exercise test results were studied in 93 patients with chest pain who had received digitalis therapy or had nonspecific ST-T changes in the resting electrocardiogram. Results of the treadmill test were correlated with the findings of coronary angiography. A positive treadmill result was defined as horizontal or down-sloping ST segment depression greater than or equal to 1.0 mm. Of the 40 patients with no or insignificant coronary artery disease, 15 had taken digitalls; 4 of the 15 demonstrated a positive response on the treadmill test. Of the 53 patients with coronary artery disease, 21 had taken digitalis; 15 of the 21 displayed a positive response. Among the remaining 32 not on digitalis, 20 had a positive response. The specificity of the treadmill exercise test was 96% in patients with coronary artery disease not on digitalis and whose resting electrocardiogram showed nonspecific ST changes. The specificity of the treadmill test in patients who had received digitalis was 73%. Sensitivity was 63% and 71%, respectively. By utilizing more stringent criteria in the interpretation of the treadmill exercise test (greater than or equal to 1.5 mm ST depression), among the patients on digitalis only 6.7% (1/15) with normal coronary arteries and 48% (10/21) with coronary artery disease had a positive response. With the use of the latter criterion the test was specific in 93% (14/15) of the patients and is usually indicative of coronary artery disease.     

Treadmill exercise testing in the presence of digitals therapy or nonspecific ST-T changes: correlation with coronary angiography.

Treadmill exercise test results were studied in 93 patients with chest pain who had received digitalis therapy or had nonspecific ST-T changes in the resting electrocardiogram. Results of the treadmill test were correlated with the findings of coronary angiography. A positive treadmill result was defined as horizontal or down-sloping ST segment depression greater than or equal to 1.0 mm. Of the 40 patients with no or insignificant coronary artery disease, 15 had taken digitalis; 4 of the 15 demonstrated a positive response on the treadmill test. Of the 53 patients with coronary artery disease, 21 had taken digitalis; 15 of the 21 displayed a positive response. Among the remaining 32 not on digitalis, 20 had a positive response. The specificity of the treadmill exercise test was 96% in patients with coronary artery disease not on digitalis and whose resting electrocardiogram showed nonspecific ST changes. The specificity of the treadmill test in patients who had received digitalis was 73%. Sensitivity was 63% and 71%, respectively. By utilizing more stringent criteria in the interpretation of the treadmill exercise test (greater than or equal to 1.5 mm ST depression), among the patients on digitalis only 6.7% (1/15) with normal coronary arteries and 48% (10/21) with coronary artery disease had a positive response. With the use of the latter criterion the test was specific in 93% (14/15) of the patients and is usually indicative of coronary artery disease.