腓骨长肌腱皮瓣修复跟腱及皮肤同时缺损

1　临床资料1.1　一般资料本组男 3例 ,女 2例。年龄 17～ 65岁 ,平均年龄 2 3 .4岁。跟腱缺损长度为 4.0～ 11ｃｍ ,皮肤缺损面积为 4.0ｃｍ× 3 .0ｃｍ～ 12ｃｍ× 8ｃｍ。受伤原因为挤压伤 2例 ,车祸伤 1例 ,其他伤 2例。1.2　手术方法于小腿外侧中下段用超声多谱勒血流仪探测皮动脉的位置 ,按受区缺损大小沿腓骨小头与外踝连线设计皮瓣范围 ,并根据转移距离确定血管蒂的长度及旋转点 ,龙胆紫液画线 ;按制做小腿外侧皮瓣过程操作。所不同的是 ,在皮瓣部分保留与腓骨长肌腱相连 ,并在掀起皮瓣前 ,据跟腱缺损长度估计所需腓骨长肌腱长度 ,…     

带血管蒂腓骨长肌腱转位修复跟腱缺损的应用解剖

目的：为跟腱缺损修复新术式的设计提供应用解剖学基础。方法：在４０侧动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人下肢标本上，对腓骨长肌腱外踝上段和足外侧段的血供进行了解剖学观测，并在标本上进行模拟术式设计，结果：跟外侧动脉恒定发３．７（２～５）支外径为０．５±０．２ｍｍ骨肌腱支，腓动脉穿支降支发２．７（２～４）支外径为０．５±０．２ｍｍ肌腱支，分别自腱前、后缘进入腱周组织，营养腱足外侧段；外踝上段肌腱血供自外踝尖上８．２±１．８ｃｍ，由腓动脉发出的肌间隔支营养，外径０．９±０．２ｍｍ、长度２．７±０．９ｃｍ。结论：可以上述血管之一为蒂设计腓骨长肌腱转位修复跟腱缺损的术式，临床成功应用１例，证实术式具有可行性。     

腓骨长肌腱移位修复闭合性跟腱断裂

目的探讨腓骨长肌腱移位修复闭合性跟腱断裂的应用解剖、生物力学和手术方法。方法在50侧动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人下肢标本上,观察腓骨长肌腱形态及血液供应,并进行肌腱拉伸破坏实验。设计腓骨长肌腱移位重建跟腱的术式,2001年3月~2004年7月临床应用10例闭合性跟腱断裂的患者,其中男7例,女3例;年龄32~54岁。跳跃伤6例,砸伤2例,踏空伤及自发伤各1例。新鲜伤7例,受伤至手术时间6h~7d;陈旧伤3例,受伤至手术时间21d~3个月。其中完全性断裂8例,不完全性断裂2例。结果腓骨长肌起于胫骨近端及腓骨头,止于第1跖骨基底及骰骨内侧表面,肌腱长13.5±2.5cm;起始部宽0.9±0.2cm,厚0.3±0.1cm;外踝尖平面宽0.7±0.1cm,厚0.4±0.1cm;骰骨头平面宽0.7±0.1cm,厚0.3±0.1cm。有多个血供来源。肌腱拉伸破坏实验示最大拉力:跟腱、腓骨长肌腱、腓骨短肌腱及胫骨后肌腱分别为2292.4±617.3、1020.4±175.4、752.0±165.4及938.2±216.7N。临床应用10例术后切口均期愈合;获随访18~24个月,无再断裂发生,无皮肤坏死等手术并发症。按照AmerLind-holm评定标准优7例,良3例,跟腱功能恢复良好。结论对于闭合性跟腱断裂,腓骨长肌腱移位修复跟腱是一种方法简便,疗效满意的手术方法。     

带血管蒂腓管长肌腱转位修复跟腱缺损的应用解剖

为跟腱缺损修复新术式的设计提供应用解剖学基础。     

腓骨长肌腱移位修复陈旧性跟腱断裂12例

陈旧性跟腱断裂 ,常因断端间隙较大 ,不能直接缝合。传统的缝合方法易致跟腱过度肥大引起行走乏力和步态缩小以及跟腱再断裂等并发症。 1996年 5月～2 0 0 0年 4月 ,我们采用腓骨长肌腱移位修复陈旧性跟腱断裂 12例 ,取得良好效果 ,报告如下。1　临床资料本组 12例 ,男 8例 ,女 4例。年龄 16～ 6 2岁。伤后 3个月～ 2年就诊。开放性损伤 9例 ,闭合性损伤 3例 ;均为完全断裂。手术直接缝合 8例 ,腱膜成形术 3例 ,1例未经治疗。取俯卧位 ,跟腱内侧直切口为第一切口。显露断端后 ,切除断端间隙的瘢痕组织 ,修剪出正常跟腱断端。小腿下部外侧为…     

腓骨长肌腱移位修复陈旧性跟腱断裂

目的 探讨腓骨长肌腱治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂的疗效.方法 腓骨长肌腱近止点处切断,经皮下隧道移位修复跟腱断裂.结果 15例均获随访,时间18～24 个月.2例出现伤口延迟愈合.经康复锻炼,患者均在术后10周左右弃拐完全负重行走,未发生跟腱断裂.疗效按Arner-Lindholm标准评定:优10 例,良5 例.结论 腓骨长肌腱移位修复陈旧性跟腱断裂,康复较快,疗效满意.     

腓骨长肌腱和跖肌腱膜片修复陈旧性跟腱断裂

[目的]总结腓骨长肌腱和跖肌腱膜片治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂的方法和经验。[方法]将腓骨长肌止点处切断，经皮下遂道移位修复陈旧性跟腱断裂，跖肌腱膜片包绕缝合跟腱后侧形成光滑面。[结果]13例患者术后随访6个月-3年，获得了良好的疗效。[结论]腓骨长肌移位和跖肌腱膜片覆盖是治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂的一种有效方法。     

腓骨长肌腱移位修复陈旧性跟腱断裂16例体会

跟腱断裂在小腿和足部肌腱损伤中较常见,陈旧性跟腱断裂手术修复较困难。笔者于2001年2月~2007年7月,利用腓骨长肌腱移位重建跟腱术治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂16例,取得满意效果。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组16例,男14例,女2例;年龄16~48岁。左侧4例,右侧12例;闭合性损伤15例,开放性1例;     

腓骨长肌前侧半修复跟腱断裂体会

目的探讨腓骨长肌前侧半修复跟腱断裂的疗效。方法采用腓骨长肌前侧半修复16例不同类型跟腱断裂,术后短腿石膏固定患肢,4周后拆除石膏行功能锻炼。按照Arner-Lindholm标准评价临床治疗结果。结果手术切口5～8 cm,手术时间30～70 min,术中出血约20～50 mL。手术后切口甲级愈合14例,乙级愈合2例。住院时间3～14 d,随访18～24个月,均未出现跟腱再断裂。按Arner-Lindholm评定标准,优良率93.7%(15/16),踝关节功能恢复正常。结论腓骨长肌前侧半修复跟腱断裂,方法简便,效果满意,是一种值得推荐的治疗选择。     

腓骨长肌转位修复陈旧性跟腱断裂

陈旧性跟腱断裂手术修复较困难，术后效果与新鲜断裂相比较差，且重建的跟腱由于瘢痕增生而粗大，踝关节活动受限。作者于2000年8月-2003年11月利用腓骨长肌转位重建跟腱术19例，取得满意效果。     

微创切取长屈肌腱重建慢性跟腱断裂

目的探讨微创切取长屈肌腱转移重建慢性跟腱断裂的临床效果。方法 2006年7月-2009年12月,收治22例22足慢性跟腱断裂患者。男16例,女6例;年龄28～65岁,中位年龄48岁。21例有患足用力蹬地史,1例无明显诱因。患者出现症状至手术时间为27～1 025 d,中位时间51 d。均有走路无力症状,Thompson试验呈阳性。根据美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)踝与后足疗效评价标准评分为(53.04±6.75)分。MRI示跟腱缺损长度为4.2～8.0 cm。术中作中足足底内侧切口和趾间关节跖侧平行横纹的小切口分步切取长屈肌腱,切取长度为超过跟骨结节10.5～13.5 cm,作3束反折编织缝合。界面螺钉或锚钉于跟骨后结节固定肌腱。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无早期并发症发生。22例均获随访,随访时间12～42个月,平均16.7个月。术后12个月根据AOFAS踝与后足疗效评价标准评分为(92.98±5.72)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=—40.903,P=0.000);获优18例,良2例,可2例,优良率90.9%。随访期间均未见胫、腓肠神经损伤、跖底部痛性瘢痕、足底内外侧神经损伤。结论微创切取长屈肌腱转移重建慢性跟腱断裂具有切口小、术后恢复快、肌腱固定强度高以及并发症少的优点。     

Hypertrophy of the flexor hallucis longus muscle after tendon transfer in patients with chronic Achilles tendon rupture

BackgroundFlexor hallucis longus tendon (FHLT) transfer has become a popular method for reconstructing a chronic Achilles tendon rupture (ATR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and possible hypertrophy of the FHL muscle after FHLT transfer in patients with chronic ATR.MethodsSeven patients with chronic ATR underwent an FHLT transfer to heel through single incision. The patients were clinically evaluated 27 (16–39) months after the surgery. The patient satisfaction was assessed with Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Scale (ATRS). Isokinetic strength was measured from both legs. The FHL muscle hypertrophy was evaluated from MRI of both legs. All subjects also performed a gait analysis with an instrumented walkway system (GAITRite^®).ResultsThe plantar flexion strength was 16.1% (-45, 7-2, 4%) weaker in the operated leg. ATRS scores averaged 70.3. Marked hypertrophy, +52% (9–104%) of the FHL muscle was seen in the operated leg compared to the non-operated leg. The gait analysis did not show any marked pathology in any of the patients.ConclusionsA mean hypertrophy of 52% of the FHL muscle was found after FHLT transfer for the chronic ATR. This indicates strong adaptation capacity of this muscle after FLHT transfer in situation where the function of the gastro-soleus complex was severely impaired preoperatively. The reconstruction of chronic ATR with FHLT transfer provided a good functional outcome and excellent patient satisfaction.     

微创切取全长长屈肌腱重建陈旧性KuwadaⅣ型跟腱断裂

 目的 探讨微创切取全长长屈肌腱重建陈旧性Kuwada Ⅳ型跟腱断裂的临床效果。方法回顾性分析 2006 年7 月至2011 年6月,微创切取全长长屈肌腱重建35例陈旧性KuwadaⅣ型跟腱断裂患者资料,男21例,女14例;年龄为23～71岁,平均42.1岁;均为单侧损伤。MRI 示跟腱断裂间隙为6.0～9.2 cm。观察术后踝关节外形及功能恢复情况,并采用美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝与后足评分及Leppilahti跟腱修复评分评价疗效。结果 32例获得随访,随访时间为 18～72个月,平均33.2个月。除1例患者因术后10 d拆线致切口裂开重新缝合6周后获得延迟愈合外,其余患者切口均一期愈合。术后踝关节外形及功能恢复良好,AOFAS踝与后足评分从术前(51.92±7.08)分提高到术后(92.56±6.71)分;其中优27例,良3例,可2 例,优良率为93.8%(30/32)。Leppilahti跟腱修复评分从术前(72.56±7.43)分提高到术后(92.58±5.1)分。无一例发生腓肠神经及胫神经损伤、跖部痛性瘢痕、足底内外侧神经损伤。踝关节MRI示跟腱部信号均匀无撕裂和囊性变。结论 微创切取长屈肌腱转移重建陈旧性KuwadaⅣ跟腱断裂具有术后恢复快、肌腱固定强度高、并发症少的优点。     

Peroneal perforator‐based peroneus longus tendon and sural neurofasciocutaneous composite flap transfer for a large soft‐tissue defect of the forearm: A case report

We describe the use of a composite flap composed of a sural neurofasciocutaneous flap and a vascularized peroneus longus tendon for the reconstruction of severe composite forearm tissue defects in a patient. A 43‐year‐old man had his left arm caught in a conveyor belt resulting in a large soft‐tissue defect of 18 × 11 cm over the dorsum forearm. The extensor carpi radialis, superficial radial nerve, and radial artery were severely damaged. A free neurofasciocutaneous composite flap measuring 16 × 11 cm was outlined on the patient's left lower leg to allow simultaneous skin, tendon, nerve, and artery reconstruction. The flap, which included the peroneus longus tendon, was elevated on the subfascial plane. After the flap was transferred to the recipient site, the peroneal artery was anastomosed to the radial artery in a flow‐through manner. The vascularized tendon graft with 15 cm in length was used to reconstruct the extensor carpi radialis longus tendon defect using an interlacing suture technique. As the skin paddle of the sural neurofasciocutaneous flap and the vascularized peroneus longus tendon graft were linked by the perforator and minimal fascial tissue, the skin paddle was able to rotate and slide with comparative ease. The flap survived completely without any complications. The length of follow‐up was 12 months and was uneventful. Range of motion of his left wrist joint was slightly limited to 75 degrees. This novel composite flap may be useful for reconstructing long tendon defects associated with extensive forearm soft tissue defects.     

Bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap for repairing Achilles tendon and overlying skin defect： the anatomic basis and clinical application

Objective: To study the anatomic basis of the bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap for repairing the composite Achilles tendon defect. Methods : The pedicle anatomy of the bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap was examined on 30 cadaver specimens. The sliding distances of the flap were measured at different knee flexion degrees. The bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap was applied in 12 cases of Achilles tendon defect with simultaneous skin and soft tissue defect. Results: The sural arteries could be classified into four types. After cutting off the gastrocnemius origin with a " Z-shaped" incision, the sliding distance of the flap reached (3. 7±0. 5) cm when the knee flexed 0°, (4.9±0.7) cm when the knee flexed 30°, (6. 7±0. 7) cm when the knee flexed 60 and (9.2±0.9) cm when the knee flexed 90°. All the defects healed. The patients recovered ambulation with satisfactory knee and ankle function. The follow-up was 4 months -12 years. Conclusions: Different sural artery types should be noticed during the harvest of the bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap. With 90°knee flexion, this flap is suitable for one-stage repair of composite Achilles tendon defect within 9.2 cm±0.9 cm.     

Functional outcome of gastrocnemius advancement flap augmented with short flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer in chronic Achilles tear

BackgroundThere are various techniques of Achilles tendon (TA) repair and reconstruction in chronic Achilles tear. However, there is no clear consensus on the relevance of one method over the other. The short flexor hallucis longus tendon (FHL) transfer has recently gained popularity because of its same phasic action, ease of harvesting and tensile strength.MethodologyFifteen chronic Achilles tear (>6 weeks) were treated with tendon repair using gastrocnemius advancement flap augmented with FHL transfer. The patients were followed-up at 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. The clinical outcome at latest follow-up was evaluated using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) and the Achilles Tendon Rupture Score (ATRS).ResultsThe mean age was 43.5 ± 12.4 years and the median time from injury to surgery was 17.13 ± 9.64 weeks. The mean gap between the retracted ends of the ruptured tendon was 5.67 ± 1.63 cm (range 4–10 cm). The mean follow-up was 19.07 ± 3.15 months (range, 13–24 months). The mean AOFAS and ATRS improved from 72.07 ± 8.29 (62–83) to 98.4 ± 2.03 (94–100) and 61.73 ± 8.16 (52–70) to 98 ± 1.85 (94–100) respectively (paired t-test, p-value 0.0001). All patients resumed their pre-injury daily activities, and there was no donor site morbidity. Two patients had sterile serous discharge, and one patient had a staphylococcus infection. These patients responded to debridement with prolonged antibiotic therapy. There were no nerve injuries or re-rupture.ConclusionThe functional outcome of chronic Achilles tear treated with gastrocnemius advancement flap augmented with short FHL transfer is rewarding.     

Combined flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer and gastrocnemius recession for reconstruction of gapped chronic achilles tendon ruptures

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the functional outcomes after a combined FHL transfer and a gastrocnemius recession for treatment of chronic ruptures of Achilles tendon with a gap and to investigate the patient's satisfaction about the great toe function after transfer.Material and methods19 patients with chronic rupture of the Achilles tendon with a gap were treated with a flexor halluces longus tendon transfer combined with a gastrocnemius recession, Clinical diagnosis depends on the presence of gap in the tendon on examination, inability of tip toe walking on the affected side and positive calf-squeeze test, MRI was used to confirm the clinical diagnosis. American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society hind foot score was used for assessment of the results.ResultsThe AOFAS score improved significantly from a mean of 65 preoperatively to 94 at the last follow up (p < 0.001), there was no significant difference in the final outcome between patients with FHL tendon weaved through the stump of the Achilles tendon and those with trans osseous tunnels, the mean AOFAS score at the last follow up was 94.2, 93.8 respectively, no patient complained of big toe dysfunction.ConclusionManagement of chronic rupture of the Achilles tendon with a gap with flexor halluces longus tendon transfer combined with a gastrocnemius recession is a safe and reliable method with a significantly improved functional outcome, muscle advancement through gastrocnemius recession decreases the length of the gap without affecting the muscle function, flexor halluces longus tendon transfer doesn't harm the big toe function.     

Outcomes of flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon transfer in the treatment of Achilles tendon disorders

BackgroundIn patients with chronic Achilles tendon disorders, Achilles tendon debridement can be supplemented with a tendon transfer, with the flexor hallucis longus tendon (FHL) transfer representing the most common used technique. Our study describes clinical and functional results of patients treated with flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon transfer in the treatment of patients with chronic Achilles tendon disorders.MethodsRetrospective study of prospectively collected data of thirteen patients (15 feet) that underwent FDL tendon transfer as part of the treatment of chronic Achilles tendon disorders. Preoperative and postoperative assessment included visual analogue score (VAS) for pain, SF-36 survey and lower extremity functional scale (LEFS). The average follow-up was 26.4 (range, 14–56) months. Patients were also assessed for ability to perform single leg heel rise test, muscle power for plantar flexion of the lesser toes, surgical scar condition and associated complications.ResultsAt final follow-up, we found significant postoperative improvement in VAS score (6.6 ± 2.99 vs 1.06 ± 1.43; p < .0001), SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) (28.20 ± 10.71 vs 45.04 ± 11.19; p < .0001) and LEFS (36.13 ± 20.49 vs 58.73 ± 18.19; p < .0001). Twelve patients (92%) could perform a single leg heel rise test in the operated extremity, although there was significant difference when comparing operated and uninvolved sides (4.86 ± 3.36 cm vs 7.18 ± 3.40 cm; p = .0002). One patient reported weakness for plantar flexion of the lesser toes, without balance or gait disturbances. Two patients (2 feet, 13.3%) had superficial infections and one patient (one foot, 6.6%) needed operative debridement for a deep infection.ConclusionsFDL tendon transfer represent an operative alternative in the treatment of chronic Achilles tendon disorders. Our study showed good clinical outcomes with low complications and donor site morbidity.Level of evidenceObservational study, case series – level IV.     

拇长屈肌腱断裂修复方法选择的探讨

[目的]介绍拇长屈肌腱断裂的治疗方法。[方法]共治疗拇长屈肌腱断裂15例，拇长屈肌腱断裂残端小于0．5cm，则给予切除，末节指骨钻孔钢丝缝合固定；肌腱断裂部位距掌指关节1cm以内，应用肌腱劈开延长，吻合口避开拇长屈肌腱鞘狭窄区；其余行直接吻接。[结果]所有病例均获得满意疗效，无术肌腱粘连和断离的发生。[结论]本方法修复肌腱获得了较好的效果，值得选用。