胃癌组织芯片p53、p16及环氧合酶-2表达的研究

目的利用高通量的组织芯片技术,对胃癌组织及癌旁组织的p53、p16和环氧合酶-2（COX-2）蛋白异常表达进行分析,探讨其相关性及临床意义。方法利用组织芯片技术结合免疫组化法检测50例胃癌组织和78例癌旁组织中p53、p16及COX-2蛋白的表达。结果p53、p16和COX-2的阳性表达率在癌旁组织中分别是19％、15％及74％;在癌组织中分别是50％、54％及94％。胃癌组织中p53、p16和COX-2蛋白表达均显著高于癌旁组织,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。p53与COX-2、p16与COX-2蛋白表达均存在相关性（P〈0．05）。当p53、COX-2表达阳性,p16阴性时;或p16、COX-2表达阳性,p53阴性时;或p53、p16和COX-2同时表达阳性时,组织芯片病理类型为癌性的概率均增加,OR值分别为11．667、30．000及18．889,p53、p16和COX-2三者存在交互作用。结论联合分析p53、p16及COX-2的表达对预测胃癌的发生和发展具有重要意义。     

胃癌组织中COX-2、CD44v6和MMP-9蛋白表达及意义

目的探讨胃癌组织中环氧化酶-2（COX-2）、CD44v6和MMP-9蛋白表达在胃癌发生、发展过程中的作用。方法采用免疫组化Envision法检测104例胃癌患者癌组织中COX-2、CD44v6和MMP-9蛋白表达,并与28份健康胃黏膜组织比较。结果胃癌组织中COX-2、CD44v6、MMP-9蛋白阳性表达率分别为57．7％（60／104）、59．6％（62／104）和63．5％（66／104）,正常胃组织中均呈低表达或不表达,两者有显著性差异（P〈0．001）;三者表达均与肿瘤浸润深度、临床分期及淋巴结转移呈明显正相关（P〈0．05）,而与患者性别、年龄及肿瘤分化程度无明显相关性;COX-2表达与CD44v6和MMP-9表达呈明显正相关。结论COX-2、CD44v6和MMP-9的过表达可促进胃癌的浸润、转移,三者具有正协同作用;COX-2、CD44v6和MMP-9联合检测可用于判断胃癌生物学行为。     

胃癌组织中环氧化酶-2的表达及临床意义

应用免疫组织化学方法检测环氧化酶-2（COX-2）在胃癌患者癌组织、癌旁组织及正常胃黏膜组织中的表述。结果正常胃黏膜组织中无COX-2表达或弱表达；COX-2表达阳性率胃癌组织明显高于癌旁组织（P〈0．05）；COX-2表达与胃癌组织TNM分期、淋巴结转移、周围组织浸润有关（P〈0．05）。认为COX-2在胃癌发生、发展中起重要作用。     

胃癌组织中核因子-kB和环氧合酶-2的表达及其临床意义

背景：有关核因子（NF）一KB和环氧合酶（COX）一2在肿瘤组织中表达的研究虽然较多．但其临床意义和相互关系尚无定论。目的：研究NF-kB和COX-2在胃癌组织中的表达及其关系。方法：采用免疫组化SP法检测142例胃癌组织中NF-kB和COX-2蛋白的表达，以相应的癌旁正常组织（30例）作对照。结果：NF-kB在胃癌组织中的阳性表达率为62．0％，显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）；NF-kB的表达与组织学类型、淋巴结转移和远处转移的临床指标呈显著相关（P〈0．05）。COX-2在胃癌组织中的阳性率为64．1％，在对照组中无表达，两者比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01），且在淋巴结转移组阳性率显著高于无转移组（P〈0．01）。胃癌组织中NF-kB和COX-2的表达呈显著正相关（r=0．380，P〈0．01）。结论：NF-kB和COX-2在胃癌的发生、发展中起重要作用，NF-kB可能促进了COX-2的表达。     

蛋白翻译起始因子C2在肝癌、胃癌中的表达与分布

目的 研究C2基因在肝细胞癌（HCC）、胃癌中的表达、分布及意义。方法 利用免疫组化法检测C2蛋白在60例HCC、58例胃癌组织中的表达，Western blot法检测C2蛋白在10例HCC及其癌旁组织中的表达。结果 60例HCC及42例癌旁组织中，C2蛋白阳性率分别为27．3％（17／60例）和83．3％（35／42例），C2蛋白在HCC癌组织中表达明显低于其癌旁组织（P＜0．001）；C2的表达与病人年龄、HBsAg及AFP明显关系（P＜0．05）。Western blot结果与免疫组化一致。在HBXAg阳性的49例HCC中，C2蛋白阳性率为20．4％，在HBXAg阴性的11例HCC中，C2蛋白阳性率为63．6％。C2在HBXAg阳性的HCC中的表达明显低于HBXAg阴性者（P＜0．05）。58例原发性胃癌及44例癌旁组织中，C2蛋白阳性率分别占41．4％（24／58例）和77．3％（34／44例）。C2蛋白在胃癌组织中表达明显低于其癌旁组织（P＜0．05），且与胃癌组织的分化程度、浆膜浸润、肿瘤大小有明显的关系（P＜0．05）。结论 C2基因表达下调可能与HCC、胃癌的发生、发展有关。HBXAg对C2的抑制作用可能与HCC的发生，发展有关。C2可能是一潜在的抑癌基因。     

15-羟基前列腺素脱氢酶与胃癌发生关系的研究

NAD依赖性15-羟基前列腺素脱氢酶（15-PGDH）是前列腺素和相关廿烷类生物降解、灭活的关键酶，其表达缺失或减低可能与一些恶性肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关。目的：探讨15-PGDH在胃癌组织和癌旁组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系，初步评价15-PGDH在胃癌发生、发展中的作用及其意义。方法：随机收集30例胃癌患者的癌组织、癌旁3cm和6cm的对照组织，以及10例胃息肉、萎缩性胃炎和健康志愿者正常胃黏膜组织标本，以免疫组化和Western blot法检测15-PGDH蛋白表达，半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法检测其mRNA表达，并分析其临床病理特征。结果：癌组织中15-PGDH蛋白和mRNA表达显著低于癌旁3cm、癌旁6cm对照组织和正常胃黏膜（P均〈0.01），约1／3癌组织中15-PGDH表达缺失，胃息肉和萎缩性胃炎组织显著低于正常胃黏膜（P均〈0．01）；癌组织中15-PGDH蛋白表达量较癌旁3cm和6cm对照组织分别平均降低5．7倍和8．3倍，胃息肉和萎缩性胃炎组织较正常胃组织分别平均降低2．0倍和2．1倍；黏液腺癌中15-PGDH蛋白量显著低于高分化腺癌（只〈0．05），印戒细胞癌中15-PGDH蛋白和mRNA的表达均缺失：伴有远处转移组15-PGDH蛋白和mRNA表达显著低于无远处转移组（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）；Ⅳ期胃癌组织15-PGDH蛋白表达量显著低于Ⅰ期（P〈0．01），其mRNA表达在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期胃癌组织中显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌（P均〈0．01）。结论：15-PGDH在胃癌组织中表达减少甚至缺失，在癌旁组织和胃癌前状态中表达减少；15-PGDH表达缺失或减少可能是胃癌发生、发展．以及胃癌浸润转移的重要机制之一。     

胃癌组织p21基因表达及基因改变的研究

目的研究胃癌组织P21蛋白表达和p21基因改变的意义．方法32例胃癌石蜡标本，其中乳头状腺癌6例，管状腺癌9例，粘液腺癌8例，低分化腺癌7例，未分化癌2例，存在淋巴结转移的标本23例，32例癌旁正常胃粘膜组织作对照．应用ABC免疫组化方法检测P21蛋白表达，单链构象多态性分析（SSCP）检测p21基因改变．参照文献确定p21蛋白表达的阳性标准及SSCCP检测p21基因异常标准，并对结果进行统计学分析．结果胃癌组织P21蛋白表达阳性率56．3％（18／32），其中管状腺癌77．8％（7／9），乳头状腺癌83．3％（5／6），粘液腺癌37．5％（3／8），低分化腺癌42．9％（3／7），未分化癌0％（0／2），存在淋巴结转移组为43．5％（10／23），无淋巴结转移组为88．9％（8／9），癌旁组织为90．6％（29／32）．P21蛋白表达阳性率胃癌组织较癌旁组织明显降低（P＜0．05），与胃癌伴淋巴结转移呈负相关（P＜0．05），不同病理类型间未见差异显著（P＞0．05）．PCR－SSCR分析18．8％（6／32）胃癌组织存在p21基因改变．结论p21基因以异常表达及基因改变的方式参与胃癌发生、发展．     

Syndecan- 1、MMP-9在胃癌组织中表达的相关性及其临床意义

用免疫组织化学染色法检测Syndecan-1和基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）在55例胃癌组织及癌旁3cm、癌旁10cm组织中内的表达情况。结果癌旁胃癌3cm及10cm组织中Syndecan-1阳性表达率分别为14．55％、29．09％、94．55％，MMP-9组织的阳性表达率分别为92．73oA，81．82％、16．36％；Syndeean-1与MMP-9表达在胃癌及癌旁10cm组织中呈负相关r=-0．480，P=0．000；r=-0．543，P=0．000）。提示胃癌组织中Syndecan-1呈低表达，MMP-9呈高表达，两者呈负相关；二者可能对肿瘤进展及恶性程度的判断具有重要意义。     

蛋白激酶B在胃癌中的表达及其生物学意义

目的研究丝氨酸／苏氨酸蛋白激酶（Akt）在胃癌中的表达、活化情况及其与血管内皮生长因子C（VEGF—C）的关系，以初探Akt表达和活化的生物学意义及其可能的机制。方法采用RT—PCR法检测20例新鲜胃癌及癌旁正常组织标本中Akt1、Akt2和Akt3 mRNA的表达；Western印迹法检测Akt和磷酸化Akt（pAkt）蛋白的表达；免疫组化检测pAkt蛋白和VEGF-C在55例胃癌配对组织中的原位表达。结果20例胃癌及相应癌旁正常组织中Akt1、2、3mRNA的表达阳性率皆为100％，且三者在癌和正常组织中的表达水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。Western印迹显示Akt蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达水平为正常组织的2．7倍（P〈0．001），而pAkt蛋白的表达水平为癌旁正常组织的4．1倍（P％0．01）。免疫组化分析表明，pAkt表达于67．3％（37／55）的胃癌组织，且较高表达于组织分化较差（X^2=9．751，P％0．01）和TNM分期较晚（X^2=7．684，P〈0．05）者；VEGF—C在胃癌组织中的表达阳性率为61．8％（34／55），其表达与肿瘤的TNM分期（X^2=9．298，P〈0．01）及淋巴结转移（X^2=7．605，P〈0．05）密切相关，统计分析表明，pAkt与VEGF—C的表达呈显著性正相关（Pearson r=0．524，P〈0．05，Spearman，rho=0．747，P〈0．01）。结论Akt及pAkt蛋白特异性过表达于胃癌组织，可能是蛋白翻译水平和（或）代谢水平改变的结果。Akt蛋白的磷酸化可能促进胃癌细胞的恶性转化和淋巴结转移，VEGFC可能在其中发挥重要的介导作用。     

microRNA-101和环氧合酶-2在胃癌中的表达及其临床意义

背景：microRNAs是一类对靶基因表达具有转录后调控作用的非编码小RNA。microRNA-101（miR-101）在多种恶性肿瘤中呈低表达,而过表达外源性miR-101可发挥肿瘤抑制作用。前期体内、外实验发现外源性miR-101可抑制胃癌细胞增殖和环氧合酶-2（COX-2）表达。目的：检测胃癌组织中的miR-101、COX-2表达并探讨其临床意义。方法：收集手术切除胃癌组织和配对癌旁非癌组织标本30例,以实时荧光定量RT—PCR检测miR-101、COX-2mRNA表达,分析两者间以及两者与胃癌主要临床病理特征的关系。结果：绝大多数胃癌组织中miR-101表达低下,COX-2mRNA则呈过表达。胃癌组织与癌旁非癌组织间miR-101、COX-2mRNA表达量差异显著（P〈0．01）,且两者表达在癌组织和癌旁组织中均呈负相关（癌组织：r=-0．767,P=0．000;癌旁组织：r=-0．718,P=0．000）。TNMⅢ、IV期胃癌和伴淋巴结转移的胃癌中,miR-101表达分别显著低于TNMI、Ⅱ期病例和无淋巴结转移病例（P〈0．05）,COX-2mRNA表达分别显著高于TNMI、Ⅱ期病例和无淋巴结转移病例（P〈0．05）。结论：miR-101与COX-2之间的负相关性可能有助于胃癌的临床诊断;miR-101表达低下伴COX-2过表达与胃癌临床进展和转移有关,对预后判断有一定参考价值。     

IGF2BP2 and IGF2 genetic effects in diabetes and diabetic nephropathy

ObjectiveThe IGF2BP2 gene is located on chromosome 3q27.2 within a region linked to type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Its protein functionally binds to 5’-UTR of the imprinting IGF2 gene. The present study aims to evaluate the IGF2BP2-IGF2 genetic effects in diabetes and DN.Materials and MethodsThree cohorts including T1D with and without DN (n = 1139) of European descents from the GoKinD study, Swedish T1D with and without DN (n = 303) and Czech control subjects without diabetes, T1D, T2D with and without DN (n = 1418) were enrolled in TaqMan genotyping experiments for IGF2BP2 rs4402960 and IGF2 rs10770125. Igf2bp2 gene expression in kidney tissues of db/db and control mice at the ages of 5 and 26 weeks was examined with real time RT-PCR and Western blot.ResultsAn association of IGF2BP2 rs4402960 with T2D in the Czech population was replicated. This IGF2BP2 polymorphism (P = 0.037, OR = 0.69 95% CI 0.49–0.98) was found to be associated with DN in male not in female patients with T1D selected from the GoKinD study. In the analyses of combined the GoKinD, Czech and Swedish populations, the association between IGF2BP2 polymorphism and DN in male patients with T1D was still significant (P = 0.030, OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.54–0.97). IGF2 rs10770125 was also associated with DN in male T1D patients of the GoKinD population (P = 0.038, OR = 0.67 95% CI 0.46–0.98). There might be a genetic interaction between IGF2BP2 and IGF2 (P = 0.05). The Igf2bp2 gene expression levels were increased in the kidneys of db/db mice compared to controls at the age of 5 weeks but not at 26 weeks.ConclusionsThe present study has replicated the association of IGF2BP2 rs4402960 with T2D in the Czech population and provided data suggesting that IGF2BP2 may have genetic interaction with IGF2 with a protective effect against DN in male patients with T1D.     

CYP2J2基因和EPHX2基因多态性与缺血性脑卒中的遗传易感性

目的 研究我国汉族人群细胞色素P450表氧化酶2J2(CYP2J2),可溶性环氧化物水解酶2(EPHX2)基因多态性与缺血性脑卒中的关系.方法 选择200例缺血性脑卒中患者和350例健康人群,采用PCR-RFLP技术分析两个基因CYP2J2 G-50T,EPHX2 G860A多态性的基因型.结果 仅EPHX2 860A等位基因频率在缺血性脑卒中组与对照组比较有显著性差异.多元Logistic回归分析表明,携带EPHX2 860A等位基因的人群患缺血性脑卒中相对风险率下降50%(OR=0.5).当个体同时携带CYP2J2-50GG和EPHX2 860A (A 示A等位基因)联合基因型时,其患缺血性脑卒中相对风险率下降53.9%(OR=0.461).结论 虽然EPHX2 860A等位基因与缺血性脑卒中有相关性并且为缺血性脑卒中一个独立的保护因子,但联合基因型CYP2J2-50GG/EPHX2 860A 的协同作用对缺血性脑卒中有更强的保护作用.     

解偶联蛋白2与2型糖尿病关系研究进展

2型糖尿病作为严重影响人类健康的慢性病、多发病,已经成为全球共同关注的健康及社会问题,其发病机制是目前研究的热点.最近,越来越多的研究者关注解偶联蛋白2(UCP2)与2型糖尿病的相关性,并且发现UCP2参与和影响2型糖尿病的发生、发展过程中的多个环节.     

Task2 potassium channels set central respiratory CO2 and O2 sensitivity

Task2 K⁺ channel expression in the central nervous system is surprisingly restricted to a few brainstem nuclei, including the retrotrapezoid (RTN) region. All Task2-positive RTN neurons were lost in mice bearing a Phox2b mutation that causes the human congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. In plethysmography, Task2^−/− mice showed disturbed chemosensory function with hypersensitivity to low CO₂ concentrations, leading to hyperventilation. Task2 probably is needed to stabilize the membrane potential of chemoreceptive cells. In addition, Task2^−/− mice lost the long-term hypoxia-induced respiratory decrease whereas the acute carotid-body-mediated increase was maintained. The lack of anoxia-induced respiratory depression in the isolated brainstem–spinal cord preparation suggested a central origin of the phenotype. Task2 activation by reactive oxygen species generated during hypoxia could silence RTN neurons, thus contributing to respiratory depression. These data identify Task2 as a determinant of central O₂ chemoreception and demonstrate that this phenomenon is due to the activity of a small number of neurons located at the ventral medullary surface.     

Identification of SH2B2beta as an inhibitor for SH2B1- and SH2B2alpha-promoted Janus kinase-2 activation and insulin signaling

The SH2B family has three members (SH2B1, SH2B2, and SH2B3) that contain conserved dimerization (DD), pleckstrin homology, and SH2 domains. The DD domain mediates the formation of homo- and heterodimers between members of the SH2B family. The SH2 domain of SH2B1 (previously named SH2-B) or SH2B2 (previously named APS) binds to phosphorylated tyrosines in a variety of tyrosine kinases, including Janus kinase-2 (JAK2) and the insulin receptor, thereby promoting the activation of JAK2 or the insulin receptor, respectively. JAK2 binds to various members of the cytokine receptor family, including receptors for GH and leptin, to mediate cytokine responses. In mice, SH2B1 regulates energy and glucose homeostasis by enhancing leptin and insulin sensitivity. In this work, we identify SH2B2beta as a new isoform of SH2B2 (designated as SH2B2alpha) derived from the SH2B2 gene by alternative mRNA splicing. SH2B2beta has a DD and pleckstrin homology domain but lacks a SH2 domain. SH2B2beta bound to both SH2B1 and SH2B2alpha, as demonstrated by both the interaction of glutathione S-transferase-SH2B2beta fusion protein with SH2B1 or SH2B2alpha in vitro and coimmunoprecipitation of SH2B2beta with SH2B1 or SH2B2alpha in intact cells. SH2B2beta markedly attenuated the ability of SH2B1 to promote JAK2 activation and subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 by JAK2. SH2B2beta also significantly inhibited SH2B1- or SH2B2alpha-promoted insulin signaling, including insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1. These data suggest that SH2B2beta is an endogenous inhibitor of SH2B1 and/or SH2B2alpha, negatively regulating insulin signaling and/or JAK2-mediated cellular responses.     

PON2 and ATP2B2 gene polymorphisms with noise-induced hearing loss

Background

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a complex disease induced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Paraoxonase2 (PON2) gene involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species, and affecting the vulnerability of cochlea to NIHL, and ATPase, calcium-transporting, plasma membrane 2 (ATP2B2) gene which encodes plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase isoform 2 (PMCA2) are the candidate genes relating to the attack of NIHL. In this study, we investigated whether ATP2B2 and PON2 polymorphisms were associated with NIHL in Chinese of Han nationality population.

Methods

We performed a case-control study between six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1719571, rs3209637 and rs4327369 within ATP2B2, rs12026, rs7785846 and rs12704796 within PON2) and NIHL in 454 subjects. All the SNPs were genotypes, using the TaqMan MGB probe assay. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) with logistic regression analysis to test the level of association for SNPs.

Results

In our study, 221 subjects with hearing loss and 233 subjects without hearing loss were recruited. The frequencies of the CG and CG + GG genotype of rs12026 (PON2) conferred risk factors for NIHL with adjusted OR values of 2.62 (95% CI, 1.69–4.06) and 2.48 (95% CI, 1.63–3.78), respectively. This kind of significance was also found at locus rs7785846, where genotypes CT and CT + TT were the risk types, with adjusted ORs of 2.52 (95% CI, 1.62–3.93) and 2.35 (95% CI, 1.54–3.58), respectively. We performed stratified analysis per noise exposure level, when it came to rs7785846 and rs12026 in the >92 dB(A) noise exposure group, the subjects who carried heterozygote were of significantly (P<0.01) higher susceptibility to NIHL than homozygote carriers. By contrast, no significantly higher risk was found for any rs12704796 genotypes or any genotypes in ATP2B2 (P>0.05), which may suggest that these SNPs did not have significant effects on noise susceptibility across noise exposure.

Conclusions

Our research suggested that PON2 might play a role in the etiology of NIHL in Chinese of Han nationality population.