本期导读

胃癌是我国死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤。本期三篇论著从不同角度对胃癌的病因和发病机制作了研究。山东大学齐鲁医院应用流行病学方法对胶东地区胃癌与癌前期病变及正常对照共501例研究对象进行分析,结果显示与胃癌相关的危险因素为年龄、性别、文化程度、职业、Hp感染、吸烟、CYP1A1G／G基因型、GSTM1空白基因型,其中大蒜为保护性因素;而CYP1A1G／G基因型 GSTM1空白基因型、Hp感染     

CYP1A1、GSTM1基因多态性与肺癌遗传易感性的关系

目的 探讨CYP1A1 m1、m2位点和GSTM1基因多态性与肺癌遗传易感性的关系.方法采用病例对照研究方法和寡核苷酸芯片技术对110例山东汉族肺癌患者和125例正常对照者的基因组DNA进行CYP1A1、GSTM1基因多态性分析.结果 CYP1A1 m2位点、GSTM1基因型分布在肺癌组和对照组间存在统计学差异(P<0.05);携带CYP1A1 Val/Val基因型或GSTM1缺失基因型者患肺癌的危险性增高,其中吸烟个体患肺癌的风险进一步增加.结论 CYP1A1 m2位点和GSTM1基因多态性可能与肺癌发生有关,吸烟与CYP1A1、GSTM1基因具有协同作用.     

青海地区藏族人群着色性干皮病基因D、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶M1基因多态性与肝癌易感性的关系

目的 探讨青海地区藏族人群着色性干皮病基因D(XPD)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)M1基因多态性与原发性肝癌(PHC)易感性的关系. 方法 采用病例对照研究,选择青海地区藏族PHC患者及同期藏族健康体检者各102例,用PCR、变性高效液相色谱技术进行基因分型检测,以非条件logistic逐步回归模型进行PHC危险因素的多变量分析,比较不同基因型与PHC患病风险的关系.计数资料采用x2检验,以比值比(OR)及其95％可信区间(CI)表示相对危险度. 结果 吸烟、肉食、饮酒、HBV感染、直系亲属HBV感染、直系亲属肝癌等均进入logistic回归模型(α=0.05).XPD751C突变基因型在病例组和对照组的分布频率分别为21.6％和10.8％,组间差异有统计学意义(x2=4.374,P=0.036),罹患PHC的风险OR为2.275(95％CI为1.04～4.98).GSTM1空白基因型在病例组和对照组的分布频率分别为60.8％和44.1％,组间差异有统计学意义(x2=5.680,P=0.017);携带GSTM1空白基因型者患病风险是携带GSTM1非空白基因型者的1.963倍(95％ CI为1.124 ～ 3.428).将XPD751C基因突变和GSTM1空白联合基因型作为暴露因素,罹患肝癌的风险OR为3.030 (95％ CI为1.165 ～ 7.881);XPD751C突变基因型与HBV感染、饮酒、家族直系亲属肝癌等因素有交互作用.结论 吸烟、饮酒、肉食、HBV感染、直系亲属HBV感染、直系亲属患肝癌等是青海藏族人群罹患PHC的主要环境危险因素;XPD751C突变等位基因型、GSTM1空白基因型是青海藏族人群PHC的易感因素;携带XPD751C突变和GSTM1空白联合基因型的个体,比单个基因型患病风险显著增加;青海藏族人群携带XPD751C突变等位基因型的个体可分别与HBV感染、饮酒、家族直系亲属肝癌3种环境危险因素共同诱导PHC的发生.     

CYP2C19基因多态性与缺血性脑卒中发病及预后的相关性

目的探讨细胞色素P450药物代谢酶(CYP)2C19基因多态性对老年缺血性脑卒中(ISS)发病及预后的影响。方法将2014年1月至2016年6月收治的老年ISS患者120例作为ISS组,另选取同期健康体检者120例作为对照组,ISS组给予氯吡格雷75 mg/d持续治疗12个月,采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性法(PCR-RFLP)检测CYP2C19基因型,血栓弹力图法检测ISS组血小板聚集抑制率,分析CYP2C19基因型与ISS发生、氯吡格雷抵抗的相关性,并对预后影响因素进行非条件多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 ISS组CYP2C19 G681A位点AA型基因、G636A位点AA型、AG型基因频率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);氯吡格雷抵抗组CYP2C19基因G681A位点AG型、AA型频率显著高于敏感组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示糖尿病、氯吡格雷抵抗、携带CYP2C19基因G681A位点AA型是老年ISS患者不良预后的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论 CYP2C19老年G681A位点AA型基因及G636A位点AA型、AG型基因是老年ISS发病的易感基因,而CYP2C19 G681A位点AG型、AA型基因与氯吡格雷抵抗密切相关。此外,G681A位点AA型基因是老年ISS患者不良预后的独立危险因素。     

PCI术后患者氯吡格雷反应性与CYP2C19基因多态性的相关性研究

目的观察冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者经皮冠脉介入术(PCI)后的氯吡格雷低反应与CYP2C19基因型多态性的相关性。方法选择2015年8月～2017年8月于河南大学第一附属医院心内科收治的择期行PCI术的164例冠心病患者为研究对象,均接受氯吡格雷干预治疗。按照血小板抑制率将其分为氯吡格雷正常反应组(NCLR)102例与氯吡格雷低反应组(CLR)62例。对比两组临床基本资料,采用DNA微阵列芯片法测定CYP2C19基因多态性,比较基因型分布特征、CLR影响因素。结果CLR组胆固醇水平显著低于NCLR组(P0.05),体质指数(BMI)25 kg/m2、2型糖尿病所占比例明显高于NCLR组(P0.05)。164例患者中CYP2C19*2位点三种基因型G/G、G/A、A/A分别占48.78%、38.41%、12.81%,等位基因G、A频率分别为68.29%、31.71%;CYP2C19*3位点三种基因型G/G、G/A、A/A分别占93.90%、2.44%、3.66%,等位基因G、A频率分别为95.43%、4.57%。CLR组CYP2C19*2位点G/A、A/A基因型频率与A等位基因频率显著高于NCLR组(P0.05),G/G基因型与G等位基因频率较NCLR组无统计学意义(P0.05);CLR组CYP2C19*3位点各基因型和等位基因频率分布较NCLR组无统计学意义(P0.05)。经Cox回归分析,结果显示CYP2C19*2基因突变、体质指数25 kg/m2、2型糖尿病是冠心病PCI术患者CLR的独立影响因素(P0.05)。结论 CYP2C19*2基因突变、体质指数25kg/m2、2型糖尿病是氯吡格雷干预后冠心病PCI术后患者出现CLR的独立危险因素。     

细胞色素P4501A1、谷胱甘肽转硫酶基因多态性与儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病的相关性研究

目的探讨生物代谢酶细胞色素P4501A1、谷胱甘肽转硫酶M1、T1基因多态性与儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的相关性。方法采用病例对照研究方法,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术对89例儿童ALL患儿以及90名健康对照者的CYP1A1 Msp Ⅰ多态(T264C)、GSTMI和GSTT1等基因的多态分布进行分析。结果儿童ALL组的CYP1A1基因Msp Ⅰ多态纯合子突变型(C型)的频率与对照组差异有统计学意义(P0.05),携带纯合子突变型的儿童患ALL的危险度比杂合子突变型(B型)与野生型(A型)儿童的高(OR=1.997,95% CI:1.024～3.896)。GSTM1缺失型分布频率与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05,OR=2.709,95%CI:1.427～5.146),GSTT1缺失型分布频率与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。同时携带CYPlAl C型、GSTM1、GSTT1缺失型的联合基因型儿童患ALL的风险增加(OR=2.235,95% CI:1.111～4.497)。结论 CYP1A1基因Msp Ⅰ多态纯合子突变型(C型)、GSTM1缺失型与儿童ALL的易感性可能相关,GSTT1缺失型与儿童ALL易感性可能不相关;同时携带CYP1A1 C型与GSTM1、GSTT1缺失基因型可能是儿童ALL发病的易感因素之一。     

细胞色素P4501A1基因多态性和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶基因缺失及烹调油烟暴露与非吸烟女性肺癌易感性的关系

目的 探讨细胞色素P4501 A1(CYP1A1)MspI位点多态性、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTM1)基因缺失及烹调油烟暴露与非吸烟女性肺癌易感性的关系.方法 2009年3一12月选择中南大学湘雅医院女性非吸烟的原发性肺癌患者及对照各160例,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)及聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术分别检测CYP1A1 MspI多态性及GSTM1基因型,分析基因的多态性、分型及烹调油烟暴露与肺癌遗传易感性的关系.结果 肺癌组及对照组烹调油烟暴露的频率分别为51.9%(83例)及33.7%(54例),差异有统计学意义(x2=10.734,P＜0.01);肺癌组MspI位点突变的等位基因频率为44.4%(71例),高于对照组(36.9%,59例),差异无统计学意义(X2=3.731,P＞0.05);携带突变型或杂合型基因同时又有油烟暴露个体患肺癌的风险明显增高,OR(odds ratio)值分别为3.032(95%CI为1.291～7.124)和2.769(95%CI为1.341～5.552);肺癌组GSTM1缺失型的频率为58.1%(93例),与对照组(45.0%,72例)比较,差异有统计学意义(X2=0.518,P＜0.05),GSTM1缺失型的个体患肺癌的风险明显增高,OR值为1.697(95%CI为1.090～2.640);携带GSTM1缺失型且有烹调油烟暴露的个体肺癌的易感性明显增加,其OR值为3.617(95%CI为1.899～6.891);GSTM1缺失型与CYP1A1 MspI杂合型或突变型联合作用时,个体患肺癌的风险亦增高,OR值分别为1.966(95%CI为1.007～3.836)和2.402(95%CI为1.023～5.640),差异明显.结论 烹调油烟暴露是非吸烟女性肺癌的危险因素;CYP1A1 MspI基因多态性与烹调油烟联合作用可增加肺癌发病的风险;GSTM1基因缺失可能是非吸烟女性肺癌的遗传易感因素,其与烹调油烟暴露联合作用可明显增加肺癌发病的风险,且GSTM1基因缺失与CYP1A1基因多态性存在交互作用.     

肾移植后高血压人群中CYP3A4*1G、CYP3A5*3和MDR1C3435T基因多态性对氨氯地平降压疗效的影响

目的 探讨CYP3A4*1G、CYP3A5*3和MDR1 C3435T基因多态性对肾移植后高血压人群氨氯地平降压疗效的影响.方法 筛选70名肾移植后高血压患者并给予氨氯地平5 mg/d干预4周,应用PCR-RFLP方法检测相关基因型,根据基因型进行分组,比较不同基因型高血压患者血压下降水平.结果 3例自动退出试验,67例患者完成试验.经氨氯地平治疗后收缩压和舒张压下降值分别为18.8±6.9 mmHg和12.7±5.4 mmHg,差异有统计学差异(P<0.05).CYP3A5*3*3基因型舒张压下降幅度(15.0±5.0 mmHg)显著高于CYP3A5*1*3基因型(11.3±5.3 mmHg)和CYP3A5*1*1基因型(10.0±4.1 mmHg)(P＜0.05),但三组间收缩压下降幅度差异无显著性(P＞0.05);CYP3A4*1G*1G基因型携带者舒张压下降幅度(8.6±4.1 mmHg)显著低于CYP3A4*1G*1基因型(13.2±5.2 mmHg)和CYP3A4*1*1基因型(13.1±5.5 mmHg)(P＜0.05),三组间收缩压下降幅度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);MDR1 C3435T各基因型在治疗前后收缩压和舒张压下降幅度差异均无显著性(P＞0.05);CYP3A4*1G和CYP3A5*3具有连锁性,以GGGG、AAAA、AGAG基因型最常见,其中GGGG基因型治疗前后舒张压下降幅度高于其他三组(P<0.05).结论 在肾移植后高血压治疗中,CYP3A5*3和CYP3A4*1G基因多态性可影响氨氯地平的降压疗效,CYP3A5*3*3基因型的舒张压下降幅度最大,CYP3A4*1G*1G基因型的舒张压下降幅度最小,CYP3A4*1G/ CYP3A5*3组成的单倍体中GGGG基因型对舒张压下降幅度最大,MDR1 C3435T未发现与氨氯地平降压疗效相关.     

CYP2E1和CYP1A1基因型与广州北部地区人群HBV易感性间的相关性分析

目的 分析CYP2E1和CYP1A1基因型与广州北部地区人群HBV易感性间的相关性.方法 采用SnapShot法检测150例HBV感染患者(实验组)和150名体检健康人群(对照组)CYP2E1基因rs3813867、rs2031920及CYP1A1基因rs4646421、rs2198843位点基因型别,比较两组各基因型...     

CYP2E1,GSTM1基因多态性与甘肃地区食管癌易感性

目的探讨细胞色素氧化酶P450,GSTM1的基因多态性与甘肃地区食管癌遗传易感性之间的以及基因—基因的交互作用。方法运用病例对照分子流行病学研究方法和聚合酶链反应方法对食管癌病例组和正常对照组基因DNA进行CYP2E1,GSTM1基因分型。结果CYP2E1基因pst1多态性的三种基因型在食管癌组和对照组的频率差异有统计学意义（χ2=12.59,P〈0.05）。携带C1/C1基因型个体发生食管癌的风险是携带其他基因型2.80倍（OR=2.80,95%C I=1.21-6.46）。食管癌组GSTM1（-）基因型频率显著高于对照组（χ2=10.292,P〈0.05）,携带GSTM1（-）的个体患食管癌的危险性显著高于GSTM1（＋）基因型的个体（OR=2.337,95%C I=1.39-3.93）。联合分析CYP2E1基因pst1多态性和GSTM1基因多态性,携带有C1/C1和GSTM1（-）基因型的个体患食管癌的风险高于携带GSTM1（＋）和C1/C2或C2/C2基因型的个体（OR=3.00,95%C I=1.7375-5.182）。结论CYP2E1,GSTM1基因多态性与食管癌易感性有关联,CYP2E1基因C1/C1基因型是食管癌的易感性基因,而GSTM1基因缺失使食管癌危险性增加,CYP2E1,GSTM1存在交互作用。     

GSTT1, GSTM1 and CYP2E1 genetic polymorphisms in gastric cancer and chronic gastritis in a Brazilian population

MIM:To test the hypothesis that,in the Southeastern Brazilian population,the GSTT1,GSTM1 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms and putative risk factors are associated with an increased risk for gastric cancer.METHODS:We conducted a study on 100 cases of gastric cancer(GC),100 cases of chronic gastritis(CG),and 150 controls(C).Deletion of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes was assessed by multiplex PCR.CYP2E1/PsА genotyping was performed using a PCR-RFLP assay.RESULTS:No relationship between GSTT1/GSTM1 deletion and the c1/c2 genotype of CYP2E1 was observed among the three groups.However,a significant difference between CG and C was observde,due to a greater number of GSTT1/GSTM1 positive genotypes in the CG group.The GSTT1 null genotype occurred more frequently in Negroid subjicts,and the GSTM1 null genotype was observed mainly in individuals with chronic gastritis infected with H pylori.CONCLUSION:Our findings indecate that there is no obvious relationship between the GSTT1,GSTM1 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms and gastric cancer.     

Polymorphism of CYPIAl and GSTMl genes associated with susceptibility of gastric cancer in Shandong Province of China

AIM: To explore whether polymorphisms of the CYPIA1 and GSTM1 genes are associated with susceptibility of stomach cancer. METHODS: A total of 102 stomach cancer cases and 62 healthy persons were diagnosed by pathology in 1998-2000 in the Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. Gene polymorphisms were detected by the PCR using sequencespecific primers. Data analysis of the case-control study was carried out using the unconditional logistic method. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, sex, educational levels, and occupation, the risk factors for stomach cancer were shown to be smoking, Helicobacter pylori(H pylori), and presence of the CYPIM G/G and GSTM1 O/O genotypes. Interaction was observed between the combined genotypes of either CYPIA1 G/G and GSTM1 O/O or H pylori infection, or GSTM1 O/O and H pylori infection or smoking. CONCLUSION: Polymorphisms of the CYPIA1 and GSTM1 genes, H pylori infection and smoking are related to susceptibility to stomach cancer.     

Polymorphism of CYPIA1 and GSTM1 genes associated with susceptibility of gastric cancer in Shandong Province of China

AIM: To explore whether polymorphisms of the CYPIA1 and GSTM1 genes are associated with susceptibility of stomach cancer. METHODS: A total of 102 stomach cancer cases and 62 healthy persons were diagnosed by pathology in 1998-2000 in the Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. Gene polymorphisms were detected by the PCR using sequence-specific primers. Data analysis of the case-control study was carried out using the unconditional logistic method. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, sex, educational levels, and occupation, the risk factors for stomach cancer were shown to be smoking, Helicobacter pylori (H pylori), and presence of the CYPIM G/G and GSTM1 O/O genotypes. Interaction was observed between the combined genotypes of either CYPIA1 G/G and GSTM1 O/O or H pylori infection, or GSTM1 O/O and H pylori infection or smoking. CONCLUSION: Polymorphisms of the CYPIA1 and GSTM1 genes, H pylori infection and smoking are related to susceptibility to stomach cancer.     

Association of the myeloperoxidase -463G-->A polymorphism with development of atrophy in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastritis

OBJECTIVES: Although the host factors governing clinical outcomes subsequent to Helicobacter pylori infection have not yet been defined, it has been generally perceived that the development of the atrophic gastritis is determined more by host-related factors than by bacterial factors. It is very important to define the host factors controlling the pathway to atrophic gastritis, which is the precursor of gastric cancer. H. pylori infection is characterized by extensive infiltration of neutrophils. Myeloperoxidase in neutrophils amplifies the oxidative potential of hydrogen peroxides that induce gastric mucosal damage, and thus myeloperoxidase is suspected to play a role in H. pylori-induced gastric injury. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association of host myeloperoxidase genetic polymorphism with atrophic gastritis upon H. pylori infection. METHODS: Biopsy specimens taken from the gastric mucosa were examined histologically using the updated Sydney System in 127 Korean patients. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay was used to characterize myeloperoxidase genotypes. RESULTS: The distributions of myeloperoxidase genotypes in Korea were 81.9% for myeloperoxidase (G/G) and 18.1% for myeloperoxidase (G/A). No myeloperoxidase (A/A) genotype was observed in 127 patients studied. The degree of active inflammation increased with the increase in H. pylori colonization. A strong positive correlation between the levels of neutrophil infiltration and gastric atrophy was found in the myeloperoxidase (G/G) genotype but not in myeloperoxidase (G/A). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that myeloperoxidase genotype is a critical determinant in the pathogenesis of atrophic gastritis subsequent to H. pylori infection. More work is needed to clarify the functional relevance of myeloperoxidase genetic polymorphisms to gastric cell injury.     

Interaction models of CYP1A1, GSTMl polymorphisms and tobacco smoking in intestinal gastric cancer

AIM: To explore the interaction models of the cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A1 Va/variant and glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 null polymorphisms with tobacco smoking in the occurrence of intestinal gastric cancer. METHODS: A community-based case-control study was conducted in Yangzhong. Subjects included 114 intestinal types of gastric cancer with endoscopic and pathological diagnosis during January 1997 and December 1998, and 693 controls selected from their spouse, siblings or siblingsin -law who had no history of digestive system cancer. Logistic regression was used to estimate the interaction models. RESULTS: The frequency of the CYP1A1 Va/variant allele in cases did not differ from that in controls. The OR of GSTM1 null genotype was 2.0 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.2-3.1, P<0.01). It showed a significant type 2 form of interaction model when both CYP1A1 Val variant allele and former tobacco smoking existed (i.e., among the multiplicative effects, the disease risk is increased by the tobacco exposure alone but not by the CYP1A1 variant alone). The interaction index y was 2.8, and OReg(95%CI) was 5.0 (1.9-13.4). GSTM1 null genotype and former tobacco smoking were significant in a type 4 interaction model (i.e., the disease risk is increased by GSTM1 null genotype or tobacco exposure alone among the multiplicative effects). The interaction index y and OReg (95%CI) were 3.4 and 8.4 (3.4-20.9), respectively. CONCLUSION: Different interaction models of CYP1A1 Va/variant allele and GSTM1 null genotype with tobacco smoking will contribute to understanding carcinogenic mechanism, but there is a need to further investigate in larger scale studies.     

代谢酶基因GSTM1和广西人群胃癌遗传易感性的关系

目的探讨代谢酶基因GSTM1多态性与广西地区人群胃癌遗传易感性之间的相关性。方法采用PCR技术检测广西地区121例胃癌患者和138例健康人的GSTM1基因多态性的分布频率,分析其与广西地区胃癌遗传易感性之间的相关性以及与吸烟、饮酒在胃癌易感性中的交互作用。结果胃癌组GSTM1（-）基因型频率（54．5％）显著高于对照组（39．1％）（X^2=6．140,P=0．013）。携带GSTM1（-）基因型的个体患胃癌的风险是携带GSTM1（＋）基因型个体的2．13倍（95％CI=1．079-1．831,P=0．013）。在吸烟者中,携带GSTM1（-）基因型的个体较携带GSTM1（＋）基因型的个体患胃癌的风险明显增加（OR=3．247,95％CI=1．067—2．328,P=0．015）。其增加程度远远高于总的胃癌风险（OR=2．129）。在饮酒者中,携带GSTM1（-）基因型的个体较携带GSTM1（＋）基因型的个体患胃癌的风险亦明显增加（OR=3．117,95％CI=1．020—2．863,P=0．033）。其增加程度远远高于总的胃癌风险（OR=2．129）。结论GSTM1（-）基因型显著增加广西地区人群患胃癌的风险,且显著增加吸烟、饮酒者患胃癌的风险。     

Interaction models of CYP1A1, GSTM1 polymorphisms and tobacco smoking in intestinal gastric cancer

AIM: To explore the interaction models of the cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A1 Val variant and glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 null polymorphisms with tobacco smoking in the occurrence of intestinal gastric cancer. METHODS: A community-based case-control study was conducted in Yangzhong. Subjects included 114 intestinal types of gastric cancer with endoscopic and pathological diagnosis during January 1997 and December 1998, and 693 controls selected from their spouse, siblings or siblings-in-law who had no history of digestive system cancer. Logistic regression was used to estimate the interaction models. RESULTS: The frequency of the CYP1A1 Val variant allele in cases did not differ from that in controls. The OR of GSTM1 null genotype was 2.0 (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.2-3.1, P<0.01). It showed a significant type 2 form of interaction model when both CYP1A1 Val variant allele and former tobacco smoking existed (i.e., among the multiplicative effects, the disease risk is increased by the tobacco exposure alone but not by the CYP1A1 variant alone). The interaction index gamma was 2.8, and OR(eg) (95%CI) was 5.0 (1.9-13.4). GSTM1 null genotype and former tobacco smoking were significant in a type 4 interaction model (i.e., the disease risk is increased by GSTM1 null genotype or tobacco exposure alone among the multiplicative effects). The interaction index gamma and OR(eg) (95%CI) were 3.4 and 8.4 (3.4-20.9), respectively. CONCLUSION: Different interaction models of CYP1A1 Val variant allele and GSTM1 null genotype with tobacco smoking will contribute to understanding carcinogenic mechanism, but there is a need to further investigate in larger scale studies.     

Kimchi and soybean pastes are risk factors of gastric cancer

AIM: This case-control study investigated the effects of kimchi,soybean paste, fresh vegetables,nonfermented alliums, nonfermented seafood, nonfermented soybean foods, and the genetic polymorphisms of some metabolic enzymes on the risk of gastric cancer in Koreans. METHODS: We studied 421 gastric cancer patients and 632 age- and sex-matched controls. Subjects completed a structured questionnaire regarding their food intake pattern. Polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1),glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (65777) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) were investigated. RESULTS: A decreased risk of gastric cancer was noted among people with high consumption of nonfermented alliums and nonfermented seafood. On the other hand, consumption of kimchi, and soybean pastes was associated with increased risk of gastric cancer. Individuals with the CYP1A1 Ile/Val or Val/Val genotype showed a significantly increased risk for gastric cancer. Increased intake of kimchi or soybean pastes was a significant risk factor for the CYP1A1 lie/lie, the CYP2E1 c1/c1,the GSTM1 non-null, the GSTT1 non-null, or the ALDH2 *1/*1 genotype.In addition, eating soybean pastes was associated with the increased risk of gastric cancer in individuals with the GSTM1 null type. Nonfermented alliums were significant in individuals with the CYP1A1 lie/lie, the CYP2E1 c1/c2 or c2/c2, the GSTT1 null, the GSTT1 non-null, or the ALDH2 *1/*2 or *2/*2 genotype,nonfermented seafood was those with the CYP1A1 lie/lie,the CYP2E1 c1/c1, the ALDH2 *1/*1 genotype or any type of GSTM1 or GSTT1. In homogeneity tests, the odds ratios of eating kimchi for gastric cancer according to the GSTM1 or 65777 genotype were not homogeneous. CONCLUSION: Kimchi, soybean pastes, and the CYP1A1 Ile/Val or Val/Val are risk factors,and nonfermented seafood and alliums are protective factors against gastric cancer in Koreans. Salt or some chemicals contained in kimchi and soybean pastes, which are increased by fermentation,would play important roles in the carcinogenesis of stomach cancer.Polymorphisms of the CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and ALDH2 genes could modify the effects of some environmental factors on the risk of gastric cancer.     

云南哈尼族彝族幽门螺杆菌感染人群胃癌易感基因研究

胃癌的发生是生物、环境、宿主等因素共同作用的结果．宿主遗传因素与幽门螺杆菌（H．pylori）感染后的不同临床结局有关。目的：筛选云南红河州哈尼族彝族Hpylori感染人群的胃癌易感基因,探讨不同基因型和等位基因与H．pylori感染宿主胃癌发病风险的相关性。方法：通过PubMed、CNKI和HapMap数据筛选出12个中国人群胃癌易感相关单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点,以芯片技术对哈尼族彝族H．pylori感染慢性胃炎和胃癌患者的这些SNP位点进行分型。结果：IL-1β-3IC／T和IL-1β-511C/T位点存在完全连锁不平衡．其基因型（P=0．014）和等位基因频率（P=0．049）在胃癌和胃炎组中有显著差异,-511CT／-31CT（OR=2．256,95％CI：1．048～4．855）和-511TT/-31CC（OR=3．312,95％CI：1．462～7．502）基因型胃癌发病风险显著高于-511CC／-31TT基因型。COX-2．899C／G位点基因型频率在胃癌和胃炎组中有显著差异（P=0．033）,GG基因型胃癌发病风险显著高于CG基因型（OR=2．796,95％CI：1．053～7．423）。TNF—α-238A／G位点基因型频率在胃癌和胃炎组中有显著差异（P=0．037）．AA、AG基因型胃癌发病风险显著高于GG基因型（OR=2．600．95％CI：1．130～5．985）。结论：IL-1β-31C、IL-1β-511T等位基因和COX-2—899GG基因型可增高云南红河州哈尼族彝族Hpylori感染人群的胃癌发病风险,TNF-α-238GG基因型对上述人群的胃癌发生具有保护作用。