STAT4在溃疡性结肠炎中的表达及意义

目的 探讨溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者肠粘膜活检组织中信号转导和转录激活因子4（STAT4）的表达及临床意义。方法 30例UC患者，用Western blot检测非磷酸化和磷酸化STAT4的蛋白表达。30例同期单发大肠息肉患者（取其正常组织）作为对照。结果 非磷酸化和磷酸化的STAT4在UC组均高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）以核表达为主。结论 STAT4可能在UC的发病中起促进作用。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ介导的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞STAT1激活与核转位

目的 检测血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）介导的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）增殖过程中信号转导和转录活化因子-1（STAT1）的激活与核转位。方法 本文采用Western印迹、非同位素凝胶电泳（EMSA）和免疫荧光染色的方法，观察AngⅡ刺激大鼠主动脉VSMC前后，细胞中STAT1的活化状态与定位。结果 VSMC经AngⅡ干预后，胞内磷酸化的STAT1（P-STAT1）蛋白表达增加（P〈0．01），达峰后随时间梯度逐渐下降，AngⅡ干预15min后检测到胞核内有蛋白．DNA复合物形成。这一反应可被血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体（AT1）阻滞剂Losartan以及Jak2抑制剂AC-490抑制（P〈0．01）。免疫荧光染色结果也显示AngⅡ干预后P-STAT1主要在胞核内表达。结论AngⅡ可以通过和AT1受体结合，激活Jak／STAT通路，在AngⅡ介导的大鼠VSMC增殖过程中发挥作用。     

醛固酮对肝星状细胞激活蛋白- 1通路调控的体外研究

目的 探讨醛固酮（Aldo）对肝星状细胞（HSC）激活蛋白-1（AP—1）信号转导通路的影响。方法 采用HSCT6细胞株，分别予Aldo 1μmol／L处理10、30、60、120、180min，蛋白质印迹法检测磷酸化P42／44蛋白的表达。另外，观察细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）特异性抑制剂-U0126，抗氧化剂-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）（均先预处理60min，再予Aldo刺激）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNFα）对磷酸化P42／44蛋白表达的影响。Aldo在干预30、60、120、240min后，电泳迁移率变更分析（EMSA）检测AP-1 DNA结合活性的变化；予U0126和NAC干预后，EMSA检测AP-1 DNA结合活性；逆转录聚合酶链反应检测α1-1型前胶原基因的表达。结果 Aldo可诱导磷酸化P42／44的表达，并呈时间依赖性，10min达到峰值，之后逐渐减低。U0126可抑制磷酸化P42／44的表达。Aldo可增强HSC的AP-1的DNA结合活性。U0126可以显著抑制Aldo诱导的AP—1的活化，NAC部分抑制Aldo诱导的AP-1的活化。Aldo可诱导α1-1型前胶原mRNA的表达。U0126和NAC可显著抑制Aldo诱导的α1-1型前胶原mRNA表达增强。结论 Aldo可经ERK通路诱导HSC AP-1结合活性增强。Aldo可经AP-1通路调控α1-1型前胶原基因的表达。     

氯沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾小球信号转导和转录活化因子3表达的影响

目的探讨氯沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾小球信号转导和转录活化因子3(STAT3)及STAT3 mRNA表达的影响。方法30只大鼠随机分成正常对照组、糖尿病组和氯沙坦治疗组(每日灌胃给予氯沙坦40mg／kg，共2周)。腹腔注射STZ诱发糖尿病大鼠模型，采用免疫组化和Western印迹检测磷酸化STAT3(p-STAT3)蛋白表达，Western印迹检测STAT3蛋白表达，半定量RT—PCR检测STAT3 mRNA的表达。结果糖尿病组肾小球STAT3、p-STAT3及STAT3 mRNA表达较正常对照组明显增强；氯沙坦治疗组p-STAT3表达较糖尿病组降低，但对STAT3蛋白及STAT3 mRNA的表达无明显影响。结论氯沙坦的肾脏保护作用可能是部分通过影响STAT3磷酸化，抑制信号通道而发挥作用。     

醛固酮对肝星状细胞早期生长反应因子-1信号通路调控的体外研究

目的探讨醛固酮（Aldo）对肝星状细胞（HSC）早期生长反应因子-1（EGR1）信号传导通路的影响。方法采用HSC-T6细胞株，分别给予Aldo 1μmol／L处理10min、30min、1h、2h和3h，western blot检测磷酸化p42／44蛋白的表达。另外，观察细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）1／2特异性阻断剂U0126、抗氧化剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）（均预先处理60min，再给予Aldo刺激）和肿瘤坏死因子α对磷酸化p42／44蛋白表达的影响。此外，给予Aldo、U0126和NAC处理后，用电泳迁移率分析（EMSA）检测EGR-1 DNA结合活性的变化；western blot检测血小板衍生生长因子-B（PDGF-B）蛋白的表达。免疫细胞化学检测Aldo对HSC PDGF-B蛋白表达的影响。结果Aldo可诱导磷酸化p42／44的表达，U0126可抑制磷酸化p42／44的表达。EMSA结果显示：Aldo干预HSC 30min后EGR-1 DNA结合活性开始增加，1h达到峰值，然后逐渐减低；U0126可显著抑制Aldo诱导的EGR-1活性增强；NAC对Aldo诱导的EGR-1活性无抑制作用。Aldo可诱导HSC PDGF-B蛋白表达；U0126和NAC对PDGF—B表达无抑制作用。结论Aldo可经ERK1／2通路诱导HSC EGR-1活性增强。Aldo可经EGR—1通路调控PDGF—B的表达。     

血管紧张素II介导的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞STAT1激活与核转位

目的检测血管紧张素II（Ang II）介导的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）增殖过程中信号转导和转录活化因子-1（STAT1）的激活与核转位。方法本文采用Western印迹、非同位素凝胶电泳（EMSA）和免疫荧光染色的方法,观察Ang II刺激大鼠主动脉VSMC前后,细胞中STAT1的活化状态与定位。结果VSMC经Ang II干预后,胞内磷酸化的STAT1（p-STAT1）蛋白表达增加（P<0.01）,达峰后随时间梯度逐渐下降,Ang II干预15 min后检测到胞核内有蛋白-DNA复合物形成。这一反应可被血管紧张素II 1型受体（AT1）阻滞剂Losartan以及Jak2抑制剂AG490抑制（P<0.01）。免疫荧光染色结果也显示Ang II干预后p-STAT1主要在胞核内表达。结论Ang II可以通过和AT1受体结合,激活Jak/STAT通路,在Ang II介导的大鼠VSMC增殖过程中发挥作用。     

瘦素对TRAIL诱导大鼠肝星状细胞凋亡的影响及机制研究

目的：了解瘦素对肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体（TRAIL）诱导肝星状细胞（HSC）凋亡的影响及调控机制。方法MTT比色法、流式细胞术检测瘦素对外源性TRAIL诱导HSC-T6细胞增殖和细胞凋亡的影响;采用Western印迹检测信号传导与转录激活因子3（STAT3）、磷酸化STAT3（pSTAT3）、Bcl-2。结果TRAIL抑制HSC-T6细胞增殖、诱导HSC-T6细胞凋亡,而瘦素使TRAIL诱导的HSC-T6细胞凋亡明显减少（P＜0．05）;当TRAIL诱导HSC-T6细胞凋亡时加入瘦素,pSTAT3、Bcl-2表达上调。结论瘦素可以使外源性TRAIL诱导的HSC-T6细胞凋亡减少,可能与瘦素促使STAT3磷酸化,Bcl-2表达上调有关。     

人生长激素慢性刺激对小鼠肝细胞JAK/STAT5信号通路的影响

目的研究正常幼年小鼠长期注射人生长激素（hGH）对其肝细胞生长激素JAK/STAT5信号通路的影响。方法实验组小鼠连续2wk按1μg/g体重每天皮下注射人生长激素（hGH）,对照组小鼠连续2wk每天皮下注射磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）,浓度为0.1M。在注射完最后一次hGH和PBS16h之后,每组处死1/2小鼠。两组中另外1/2小鼠处死前30min皮下按1μg/g体重注射单剂量hGH。蛋白质印迹法（WesternBlot）检测小鼠肝组织细胞核和细胞总蛋白中人信号传导子及转录激活子5（STAT5）、STAT5的磷酸化形式（p-STAT5）和生长激素受体（GHR）的表达,凝胶迁移实验分析（EMSA）肝细胞核STAT5与DNA粘附能力,酶标记免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法测定血清GH浓度。结果 hGH慢性刺激组小鼠与PBS对照组小鼠相比体重明显增加;与PBS对照组小鼠相比,hGH慢性刺激组小鼠的GH信号通路的人信号传导子及转录激活子5（STAT5）磷酸化水平显著减低;处死前30min按1μg/g体重单剂量注射hGH的小鼠中,hGH慢性刺激组小鼠的STAT5b磷酸化水平与PBS对照组相比也同样显著减低;细胞膜GHR水平没有变化。结论 hGH慢性刺激可抑制小鼠肝细胞的JAK/STAT5信号转导通路。     

骨成形蛋白7拮抗转化生长因子β1致肾小管上皮细胞细胞外基质分泌的作用

目的:观察骨成形蛋白7(BMP-7)拮抗转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)诱导人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)细胞外基质(ECM)分泌作用,并对相关信号通路进行研究,对BMP-7抗纤维化机制进行深入探讨。方法:将不同浓度BMP-7预处理HK-2细胞,随后予以5ng/mlTGF-β1刺激,利用荧光实时定量PCR和Western印迹检测ECM表达、利用Western印迹和凝胶迁移滞后实验(EMSA)检测相关信号通路蛋白表达。结果:荧光实时定量PCR和Western印迹结果表明,BMP-7可以浓度依赖方式下调TGF-β1刺激后HK-2细胞I型胶原,III型胶原,纤维连接蛋白在mRNA和蛋白水平表达。TGF-β1可促进HK-2细胞Smad2、Smad3磷酸化。但TGF-β1上调的Smad2、Smad3磷酸化可被BMP-7抑制,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05和P<0.01)。EMSA结果表明,BMP-7则可抑制TGF-β1上调的NF-κB活性。结论:BMP-7可通过抑制Smad2/3磷酸化、抑制NF-κB的DNA结合活性达到阻断TGF-β1诱导HK-2分泌ECM的效应。     

STAT3及相关生长调控基因在胃癌组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨转录信号传导子与激活子3（STAT3）及相关生长调控基因在胃癌发生发展中的作用及意义。方法应用RT—PCR检测STAT3基因及相关基因c—myc，p53，生存素（survivin），血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的mRNA表达水平，应用Western印迹法及免疫组化法检测STAT3基因的蛋白水平及定位表达。结果胃癌组织及癌旁组织中STAT3 mRNA的表达均明显高于正常胃组织（P〈0．01），胃癌及癌旁组织中c—myc，surovivin，VEGF mRNA的表达上调（P〈0．01），p53 mRNA的表达下调（P〈0．01），胃癌组织及癌旁组织中STAT3蛋白水平的表达均高于正常胃组织（P〈0．01）。结论STAT3基因的持续激活在胃癌的发生发展中起重要作用，可作为早期诊断的指标及治疗的靶点。     

妊娠时间与肺结核复发的相关性研究及诊治对策

目的 分析肺结核史患者妊娠时间和肺结核复发间相关性.方法 选取我院收治的有肺结核史的妊娠妇女576例作为研究对象,对其妊娠前肺结核治疗、治愈后妊娠时间、妊娠后复发肺结核等进行分析,总结有肺结核史育龄女性的妊娠时间和肺结核复发之间的关系.结果 肺结核治愈后不同时间段妊娠者的结核复发率比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,停药后间隔时间越久妊娠,肺结核复发的几率越小.结论 加强孕期痰菌检查,及早发现复发肺结核,提高母婴安全.     

我国骨关节结核诊治的回顾与展望

骨关节结核是危害人们健康的严重感染性疾病,近95％由他处结核病继发而来.罹患骨关节结核疾病后几乎均将致残,严重影响人们的健康、工作和生活.建国以来在党和国家的关心和支持下,骨关节结核的诊治水平取得了长足进步.时至今日,由于多种原因,学科发展和被重视程度受到一定的制约,同整个医疗行业的发展不相适应.回顾过去,展望未来,我们需要重新审视骨关节结核的诊治方法,努力推进骨关节结核诊疗技术的科学发展.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fos and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44~(MAPK) and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between P42/44~(MAPK) and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Raf/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44~(MAPK), c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Overweight and Obesity and Progression of ADPKD

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Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fas and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44MAPK and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between p42/44MAPK and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Rat/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44MAPK, c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Replication and Inhibitors of Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses

The Enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus genera of the picornavirus family include many important human pathogens, including poliovirus, rhinovirus, EV-A71, EV-D68, and human parechoviruses (HPeV). They cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from a simple common cold to life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis and myocarditis. At the moment, no antiviral therapy is available against these viruses and it is not feasible to develop vaccines against all EVs and HPeVs due to the great number of serotypes. Therefore, a lot of effort is being invested in the development of antiviral drugs. Both viral proteins and host proteins essential for virus replication can be used as targets for virus inhibitors. As such, a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication is pivotal in the design of antiviral strategies goes hand in hand with a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication. In this review, we will give an overview of the current state of knowledge of EV and HPeV replication and how this can be inhibited by small-molecule inhibitors.     

Effects of sex and time of day on metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice

Non-invasive techniques to monitor stress hormones in small animals like mice offer several advantages and are highly demanded in laboratory as well as in field research. Since knowledge about the species-specific metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids is essential to develop such a technique, we conducted radiometabolism studies in mice (Mus musculus f. domesticus, strain C57BL/6J). Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 740 kBq of 3H-labelled corticosterone and all voided urine and fecal samples were collected for five days. In a first experiment 16 animals (eight of each sex) received the injection at 9 a.m., while eight mice (four of each sex) were injected at 9 p.m. in a second experiment. In both experiments radioactive metabolites were recovered predominantly in the feces, although males excreted significantly higher proportions via the feces (about 73%) than females (about 53%). Peak radioactivity in the urine was detected within about 2h after injection, while in the feces peak concentrations were observed later (depending on the time of injection: about 10h postinjection in experiment 1 and about 4h postinjection in experiment 2, thus proving an effect of the time of day). The number and relative abundance of fecal [3H]corticosterone metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC separations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized mainly to more polar substances. Regarding the types of metabolites formed, significant differences were found between males and females, but not between the experiments. Additionally, the immunoreactivity of these metabolites was assessed by screening the HPLC fractions with four enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, only a newly established EIA for 5alpha-pregnane-3beta,11beta,21-triol-20-one (measuring corticosterone metabolites with a 5alpha-3beta,11beta-diol structure) detected several peaks of radioactive metabolites with high intensity in both sexes, while the other EIAs showed only minor immunoreactivity. Thus, our study for the first time provides substantial information about metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice and is the first demonstrating a significant impact of the animals' sex and the time of day. Based on these data it should be possible to monitor adrenocortical activity non-invasively in this species by measuring fecal corticosterone metabolites with the newly developed EIA. Since mice are extensively used in research world-wide, this could open new perspectives in various fields from ecology to behavioral endocrinology.     

心电图、心电向量图与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析

目的:通过分析心电图(Electrocardiogram,ECG)和心电向量图(Vectorcardiogram,VCG)的改变与冠脉造影（CAG）结果进行对比,探讨ECG、VCG在冠状动脉病变中的诊断价值。方法: 选择2008年1月~2009年12月临床拟诊断为冠心病患者108例,行常规ECG、VCG检查,并于1周内进行CAG,对检查结果依据各自的诊断标准进行判定,以CAG为标准诊断法,利用四格表法,计算相关评价真实性的指标并进行比较。结果: ①VCG检测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度显著高于ECG(P<0.05,P<0．01)。②ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变支数组间比较:在单支病变、双支病变中,VCG阳性率明显高于ECG(P<0.05),左主干或三支病变无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变、双支病变阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01);VCG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变阳性率高(P<0.05);与双支病变阳性率比较无统计学意义;③ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变程度组间比较:冠脉病变狭窄50%～69%的VCG阳性率明显高于ECG (P<0.05),其他两组阳性率比较无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组冠脉病变狭窄≥90%较50%～69%、70%～89%的阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01); VCG组狭窄≥90%较50%～69%阳性率高（P<0.01),其他无统计学意义。结论: VCG对冠心病检测价值显著高于ECG。     

Detection and characterization of the product of hydroethidine and intracellular superoxide by HPLC and limitations of fluorescence

Here we report the structural characterization of the product formed from the reaction between hydroethidine (HE) and superoxide (O(2)(.-)). By using mass spectral and NMR techniques, the chemical structure of this product was determined as 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). By using an authentic standard, we developed an HPLC approach to detect and quantitate the reaction product of HE and O(2)(.-) formed in bovine aortic endothelial cells after treatment with menadione or antimycin A to induce intracellular reactive oxygen species. Concomitantly, we used a spin trap, 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO), to detect and identify the structure of reactive oxygen species formed. BMPO trapped the O(2)(.-) that formed extracellularly and was detected as the BMPO-OH adduct during use of the EPR technique. BMPO, being cell-permeable, inhibited the intracellular formation of 2-OH-E(+). However, the intracellular BMPO spin adduct was not detected. The definitive characterization of the reaction product of O(2)(.-) with HE described here forms the basis of an unambiguous assay for intracellular detection and quantitation of O(2)(.-). Analysis of the fluorescence characteristics of ethidium (E(+)) and 2-OH-E(+) strongly suggests that the currently available fluorescence methodology is not suitable for quantitating intracellular O(2)(.-). We conclude that the HPLC/fluorescence assay using HE as a probe is more suitable [corrected] for detecting intracellular O(2)(.-).     

荣宝和氯硝柳胺灭螺效果比较及成本分析

目的 评价新型灭螺药物荣宝杀灭钉螺的效果,探讨其推广应用价值.方法 按目前推荐的荣宝灭螺剂量,喷洒法为30 g/m2,浸杀法为50 g/m3;氯硝柳胺喷洒法和浸杀法分别采用2 g/m2和2 g/m3杀螺剂量,分别在室内和现场进行灭螺试验,观察两种药物的灭螺效果并初步分析评估其成本.结果 在现场气温22～30℃条件下,荣宝50 g/m3浸杀3、5、7 d后,螺袋内钉螺校正死亡率均达到100.0%,与氯硝柳胺2 g/m3灭螺效果相似;荣宝30 g/m2剂量喷洒3、5、7、15 d后,钉螺校正死亡率分别为54.5%、58.0%、69.0%、79.1%,氯硝柳胺喷洒组钉螺校正死亡率分别为61.0%、69.4%、76.7%、77.9%.在室温18℃条件下,荣宝以30 g/m2喷洒3、5、7、15 d后,钉螺校正死亡率分别为72.9%、87.2%、91.5%、76.1%;而相应2 g/m2氯硝柳胺喷洒后的钉螺校正死亡率分别为81.3%、95.7%、97.9%、80.4%.同样完成1000 m2的喷洒灭螺任务,荣宝所需灭螺药物和人力资费成本比氯硝柳胺多支出0.114元/m2;完成72 m3的浸杀灭螺任务,荣宝所需灭螺药物和人力资费成本比氯硝柳胺多支出0.127元/m3.50 g/m3荣宝浸杀灭螺剂量,对成鱼(＞250 g)的活力不会造成影响,但对鱼类幼苗仍具较强毒性.结论 荣宝与氯硝柳胺灭螺效果相似,由于其成本较高,氯硝柳胺仍然是目前首选灭螺药物,但荣宝的鱼类毒性低,可作为氯硝柳胺之外有益的补充灭螺药物.