沙棘叶对小鼠肠蠕动和排便影响的实验研究

目的:探索沙棘叶对小鼠肠蠕动和排使功能的影响.方法:以小鼠为研究对象,采用灌胃给药,观测沙棘叶水提取浓缩液对正常小鼠肠推进运动和排便时间及数量.结果:沙棘叶水提取液低、中剂量组可明显促进小鼠的肠蠕动(p＜0.05);低、中、高剂量组可缩短小鼠的首次排便时间,增加小鼠的排使数量和排便重量(p＜0.05).结论:沙棘叶水提...     

润通胶囊对小鼠润肠通便作用的影响

目的 观察润通胶囊对便秘模型小鼠的润肠通便作用的影响。方法 采用小鼠小肠推进试验和湿粪计数试验，观察样品灌胃给药对便秘模型小鼠的小肠内容物推进率和首次排便时间，湿粪粒数，重量及排便频率的影响。结果 润通胶囊能明显促进小鼠小肠运动，增加湿粪粒数，重量，缩短首次排便时间，提高排便频率。结论 润通胶囊具有润肠通便作用。     

五种不同基源石斛对小鼠肠推进及胃排空的影响

目的:观察叠鞘石斛、金钗石斛、铁皮石斛、马鞭石斛和鼓槌石斛对在体小鼠胃排空及肠推进的影响.方法:用营养性半固体糊灌胃法观察各实验组对在体小鼠小肠推进率和胃排空率的变化.结果:铁皮石斛可促进正常小鼠的胃排空,对正常小鼠的肠推进有双向调节作用;叠鞘石斛可促进正常小鼠的胃排空和肠推进;鼓槌石斛与马鞭石斛可抑制正常小鼠的胃排空及肠推进;而金钗石斛对小鼠胃排空和肠推进没有明显的作用.各石斛组对阿托品引起的胃肠运动迟缓作用不明显,能调节新斯的明引起的胃肠运动亢进,使其恢复正常水平.结论:不同基源石斛对小鼠胃排空和肠推进的作用不尽相同,将不同基源石斛作为同一味药物使用的合理性还有待进一步研究.     

大黄附子不同配伍对阳虚便秘动物肠运动的影响

目的探讨大黄附子不同配伍对阳虚便秘动物肠运动的作用。方法通过复制阳虚便秘模型,观察大黄附子不同配伍比例对阳虚便秘小鼠、大鼠的排便时间、排便量、小肠推进作用的影响和对大鼠离体回肠活动的影响。结果与模型组比较。大黄附子配伍组动物的首粒排便时间显著缩短,3h内排便粒数显著增加,小肠推进率明显提高;在给药5～10min。离体回肠蠕动明显增强。结论大黄附子配伍对阳虚便秘动物具有确切的治疗作用,可能与增强肠蠕动有关。     

硫糖铝致便秘作用机制的研究

目的: 研究硫糖铝的致便秘作用及其作用机制.方法: 采用小鼠粪便计数试验、肠道推进试验和水分吸收试验,观察硫糖铝对小鼠的首次排便时间、粪便粒数、肠道内容物推进率和肠道对水分吸收的影响.结果: 硫糖铝明显减少小鼠粪便粒数,延长首次排便时间,抑制肠道推进运动,增加水分吸收.结论: 硫糖铝能够导致便秘,这种作用可能与抑制肠道运动和增加水分吸收有关.     

增液汤颗粒对便秘小鼠的润肠通便作用

目的 研究增液汤颗粒的润肠通便作用。方法 采用复方地芬诺酯建立小鼠便秘模型,观察便秘小鼠的粪便排泄情况、肠水分和小肠推进运动等指标;观察正常小鼠的大肠推进运动;采用在体肠管实验法研究正常大鼠回肠收缩活动和对正常小鼠肠道肠液分泌量的影响。结果 增液汤颗粒能够缩短便秘小鼠首次排便时间,增加便秘小鼠粪便粒数（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,改善粪便性状,增加便秘小鼠肠水分（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,增强便秘小鼠的小肠推进运动,增强正常小鼠的大肠推进运动,促进正常大鼠回肠收缩,增加正常小鼠肠腔液体量（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论 增液汤颗粒具有较好的润肠通便作用,能够有效治疗便秘。     

益智仁醇提取物对动物胃肠运动的影响

目的:研究益智仁醇提取物对动物胃肠运动的影响。方法:采用小鼠在体胃肠运动实验和家兔离体肠肌运动实验,观察益智仁醇提取物对正常小鼠胃排空、小肠推进运动和家兔离体肠肌收缩的影响。结果:益智仁醇提取物在5、10、20g·kg-1剂量下给药对正常小鼠胃排空有显著抑制作用,对家兔离体肠肌收缩有显著抑制作用,对氯化乙酰胆碱引起的肠肌兴奋有显著拮抗作用。结论:益智仁醇提取物对动物胃肠运动有抑制作用,其作用途径可能与M胆碱受体有关。     

苦丁茶提取物对小鼠通便作用研究

目的:研究苦丁茶提取物对便秘模型小鼠通便作用的影响.方法:采用复方地芬诺酯(DC)10 mg·kg-1制备小鼠便秘模型,分别灌胃给予0.4,0.8,1.2g· kg-1 ·d-1三个剂量苦丁茶提取物7d,qd,观察苦丁茶提取物对小鼠体质量、小肠推进运动和给药后6h内排便的影响.结果:苦丁茶提取物高、中剂量组能促进DC便秘模型小鼠的小肠推进率、缩短首次排便时间、增加6h内的排便总数;低剂量苦丁茶组与模型组相比,能缩短首次排便时间(P＜0.05),但两组对小肠推进率和排便总数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);中、高剂量组小鼠6h内粪便质量与模型对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或0.01).结论:苦丁茶提取物能促进复方地芬诺酯致小鼠便秘模型的排便作用.     

润肠片的润肠通便作用研究

目的研究润肠片的润肠通便功效。方法用肠水分实验、小肠推进实验和排便实验研究润肠片对在体小鼠肠功能的影响。结果润肠片4g·kg-1能显著增加小鼠肠水分、小肠推进率和排便数(P<0.01),作用强于润肠丸(P<0.05);润肠片2g·kg-1能显著增加小鼠肠水分与小肠推进率(P<0.01),显著增加小鼠排便数(P<0.05),且增加肠水分与小肠推进率的作用强于润肠丸(P<0.05)。结论润肠片具有较润肠丸更显著的润肠通便功效。     

番泻叶浸剂对动物小肠运动和尿量的影响

目的:观察番泻叶浸剂对小鼠小肠运动和尿量的影响。方法:应用小肠推进试验法观察炭末在小肠的推进速度;用离体动物回肠实验,观察本品对离体回肠收缩幅度和频率的影响;用简式粪便尿分离代谢笼法观察本品对小鼠尿量的影响。结果:番泻叶浸剂对小鼠小肠炭末有明显推进作用(P<0.05);对大鼠和家兔离体肠肌收缩幅度有明显增强作用(P<0.05);灌服25％番泻叶浸剂后0.5,1h和灌服番泻叶浸剂原液后0.5,1.2h,尿量均有明显增加。结论:番泻叶浸剂能通过增加小肠蠕动和抑制水分吸收而发挥泻下作用,也可能具有利尿作用。     

痔炎消颗粒润肠通便和止血作用的药效学研究

目的 研究痔炎消颗粒润肠通便和止血作用.方法 选用失水便秘模型法,观察小鼠开始排黑便时间及2 h内排黑便数;选用小肠炭末推进试验法,观察小鼠小肠炭末推进率;选用玻片法和出血时间测定法,测定小鼠的出血时间和凝血时间.结果 痔炎消颗粒对失水便秘模型小鼠开始排黑便时间显著快于对照组(P＜0.05),2 h内排黑便数显著多于对照组(P＜0.01),可显著促进小鼠小肠炭末推进率(P＜0.01),可不同程度缩短小鼠的出血时间和凝血时间.结论 痔炎消颗粒有润肠通便和止血作用,对痔疮有较好的治疗作用.     

Effects of caerulein on intestinal motility (author's transl)

Effects of caerulein on intestinal motility have been studied in comparison with those of neostigmine, pantethine, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha). Caerulein facilitated electric discharges in the intestinal tracts of anaesthetized rabbits and exhibited a greater potency than either neostigmine or pantethine. The small intestine was more sensitive to this agent than was the large intestine. PGE1 inhibited while PGF2alpha facilitated electric discharges in the small intestine. A complete inhibitory effect of the excitatory of caerulein was not demonstrated with atropine. Caerulein promoted the transit of charcoal meal through the intestine of the mouse and was approximately 30 times more potent than was neostigmine. At high doses, the promotion was reduced and the reduction was inhibited by reserpine or phentolamine-propranolol. Our observations indicate that caerulein produces a catecholamine releasing action in high doses. Caerulein promoted the transit in the cecectomized mice at doses 30 times larger than given to intact mice. Caerulein, neostigmine, PGE1 and PGF2alpha produced an excitatory effect on the isolated intestine of the rabbit. Minimal effect concentrations were 3 X 10(-10 approximately 10(-9), 10(-8), 10(-9) and 3 x 10(-11) g/ml in the ileum and 3 X 10(-9) approximately 10(-8), 10(-8) approximately 3 x 10(-8), 10(-10) and 10(-11) g/ml in the proximal colon, respectively.     

Development of an experimental system for evaluation of the effect of stress on intestinal motility using a radionuclide, 51Cr, in the rat

We attempted to develop an experimental system for evaluation of the influence of stress on small intestinal motility using a radionuclide, 51Cr, and an acute restraint stress model. Each rat was immobilized in an adjustable restraint device for 1 to 5 h. The rat was given 51Cr immediately after the end of stress loading through a catheter inserted into the duodenum, and sacrificed 20 min after administration. The small intestine was removed and the 51Cr radioactivity was continuously monitored with an NaI-scintillation survey meter. The small intestinal motility was estimated by the distance of the radioactive peak from the top of the duodenum. The small intestinal motility was significantly inhibited by 3 h-restraint stress. This experimental system is easy, rapid, and simple for the evaluation of the effect of stress on small intestinal motility.     

3,3-Bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-2-indolinone (BHMI), the active metabolite of the laxative sulisatin

The disodium salt of the sulphuric diester of 3,3-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-2-indolinone (sodium sulisatin, Laxitex), a synthetic laxative with two phenolic groups esterified with sulfate, has been studied in order to find out if its laxative properties may be attributed to the unaltered compound or to its diphenolic derivative BHMI. We first studied the effect of homogenates of the gastrointestinal tract of rats and of rat cecal content of the hydrolysis of sulfate ester bonds of sulisatin. Results show that sulisatin can be hydrolyzed by cecal content while homogenates of stomach, small intestine and large intestine have no hydrolytic effect. Sulisatin is also a substrate of arylsulfate sulphohydrolase obtained from the snail Helix pomatia. The unaltered drug has no effect on the intestinal motility since it does not change the intestinal transit speed in rats pretreated with neomycin sulfate. Sulisatin (1.5, 3 and 6 mg) is unable to inhibit water absorption in rat colon while small amounts of BHMI (15 and 30 micrograms) may inhibit it significantly. It is concluded that sulisatin passes unaltered through the small intestine and is hydrolyzed in the large intestine by the intestinal microflora to its diphenolic derivative BHMI, which is responsible for the laxative activity of the drug.     

Acceleration of large intestine transit time in rats by sennosides and related compounds

Sennosides A + B and their natural metabolites, sennidins A + B, rheinanthrone and rhein, as well as the synthetic laxative danthron, were investigated for their influence on small and large intestine transit time in rats. Carmine red, as a marker, was administered through a gastric tube for small intestine transit or intracaecally by a chronically implanted catheter for colon transit. High doses of sennosides (250-500 mg kg-1) given orally from 20 min or up to 6 h before marker administration had no effect on small intestine transit time. The metabolites and danthron (10-100 mg kg-1 p.o.) also did not accelerate upper gastrointestinal passage. Intracaecal administration at the same time as carmine red, however, reduced the time for the appearance of the first coloured faeces from more than 8 h in the controls to 46 +/- 9 min after sennosides, 34 +/- 11 min after sennidins, 53 +/- 83 min after rhein and 16 +/- 4 min after rheinanthrone (50 mg kg-1 of each). Danthron was ineffective. Thus, sennosides and their natural metabolites specifically influence large intestinal motility. Acceleration of colonic transport seems to be a major component of the laxative action whereas for danthron motility changes are not responsible for its laxative action. Indomethacin partly inhibited the acceleration of large intestine transit induced by sennosides. An involvement of endogenous prostaglandins may therefore be possible, although a local bolus administration of PGF2 alpha or PGE2 into the caecal lumen neither influenced transit time nor induced diarrhoea.     

火麻油软胶囊润肠通便作用的实验研究

目的研究火麻油软胶囊对正常鼠的润肠通便作用。方法应用肠管在体实验法,观察比较小鼠或大鼠的肠炭粉推进百分率、排泄量、小肠容积、回肠蠕动和黏膜充血情况等指标。结果排粪便数增多,排便时间提前,小肠推进率提高,增加小肠容积,回肠蠕动增强,肠黏膜无充血变红现象、油光明显。结论火麻油软胶囊具有较好的润肠通便作用。     

藿香正气制剂中厚朴不同提取工艺对胃肠活动的影响研究

目的:探讨60%、70%、95%乙醇三种不同溶媒热回流提取的厚朴提取液对缓解小鼠便秘、促进大鼠胃肠道蠕动作用的影响。方法:采用灌胃消旋山莨菪碱造成小鼠便秘模型实验,观察各组小鼠首次排便时间,6 h排便粒数和重量,测定厚朴提取液对缓解小鼠便秘作用;采用腹腔注射左旋精氨酸造成大鼠胃肠运动障碍模型实验,得到各组大鼠胃残留率和肠推进率,测定厚朴提取液对促进大鼠胃排空和小肠推进作用。结果:厚朴提取物组1、2、3号均能有效缓解消旋山莨菪碱模型小鼠的便秘(P0.05或P0.01)和促进左旋精氨酸致胃肠运动障碍模型大鼠胃排空运动和小肠推进运动(P0.01),其中70%乙醇热回流提取组有强于60%乙醇热回流提取组和95%乙醇热回流提取组的趋势。结论:3种厚朴提取液均具有促进胃肠道蠕动、缓解便秘作用,70%乙醇热回流提取组较优。     

干姜醇提取物对肠道平滑肌运动的影响

目的 研究干姜醇提取物(EDGE)对肠道平滑肌运动的影响及其作用机制. 方法 通过小鼠小肠墨汁推进实验观察EDGE对正常、亢进及抑制状态下肠道运动的影响, 并采用兔体外肠管实验从胆碱能通路初步探讨其作用机制. 结果EDGE能显著促进正常和抑制状态的小鼠小肠运动,对亢进状态的小鼠小肠运动却有明显抑制作用. EDGE能显著促进正常体外肠管收缩,对阿托品预孵育的体外肠管也有明显促进收缩作用,对乙酰胆碱(Ach)引起的肠管收缩反应却有拮抗作用,并存在量效关系. EDGE(1 mg&#8226;mL^-1)使无钙离子蒂罗德液中Ach收缩肠管作用明显减弱,但不影响氯化钙引起的肠管收缩. 结论 EDGE对肠道平滑肌运动有双向调节作用,这种作用与胆碱能受体有关.