胆囊结石并发急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除探讨

目的:探讨胆囊结石并发急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性。方法:对134例胆囊结石并发急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术进行回顾性分析,依胆囊大小及壁厚程度进行分组,对手术时间、出血量、住院时间、腹腔引流、手术并发症进行分析。结果:平均手术时间:Ⅰ组(B超壁厚<5mm,胆囊>100mm)45min,Ⅱ组(壁厚>5mm,胆囊<100mm)80min;出血量:Ⅰ组平均40ml,Ⅱ组平均80ml;腹腔引流:Ⅰ组7例平均引流量40ml,Ⅱ组16例平均引流量65ml;平均住院时间Ⅰ组3.5天,Ⅱ组4.5天;Ⅰ组迟发性总胆管电凝伤1例,无中转,Ⅱ组中转5例。结论:准确掌握胆囊结石并发急性腹囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术的适应证,手术是安全可行的。     

急性胆囊炎患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的危险因素分析

目的探讨引起急性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的危险因素,为临床提供参考。方法回顾性分析1 128例急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的病历资料,以中转开腹的36例患者为中转开腹组,随机选取100例顺利完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者为腹腔镜组,分析相关因素。结果将腹腔镜组与中转开腹组患者相关因素进行分析,结果显示两组患者在年龄、体重指数、病程、有无合并疾病、手术时间、术中出血量、有无胆囊管结石嵌顿、有无坏疽性胆囊炎、有无胆囊三角解剖不清、术前白细胞计数、总胆红素水平等方面比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;多因素logistic回归分析结果显示病程≥72 h、胆囊三角解剖不清、胆囊壁厚度≥5 mm、坏疽性胆囊炎是引起急性胆囊炎患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的独立危险因素（P〈0.05）。结论急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术时引起中转开腹的主要危险因素有病程≥72 h、胆囊三角解剖不清、胆囊壁厚度≥5 mm、坏疽性胆囊炎,如合并有以上一种或多种危险因素则中转开腹的风险明显增高。     

急性结石性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹影响因素分析

目的研究急性结石性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术时机及影响中转开腹的相关因素。方法选择219例我院收治的急性结石性胆囊炎并行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者,按手术时机分为A、B、C、D四组。A组为48 h内手术63例,B组为48~72 h内手术53例,C组为72 h~2周内手术58例,D组为入院后先行抗感染及对症治疗,在发作两周后择期手术45例,收集相关临床资料进行统计学分析。结果 A、D组手术时间、术后腹腔引流量、并发症、中转开腹率较B、C组少(P<0.05),而A、D组手术时间、术后腹腔引流量、并发症比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),A组中转开腹率与D组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。体温、右上腹肌紧张、触及胆囊、白细胞计数、B超见胆囊肿大、胆囊壁厚度、胆囊颈部结石嵌顿与中转开腹有关(P<0.05)。手术时机、白细胞计数、胆囊颈部结石嵌顿是急性结石性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹独立危险因素(OR=2.892、3.168、2.124,P<0.05)。结论急性结石性胆囊炎可尽早进行手术,发作48 h内是腹腔镜手术治疗最佳时机,其次可先行保守治疗后再择期手术治疗,可减少手术风险及并发症,中转开腹受到手术时机选择、血象及结石位置影响,应综合考虑提高腹腔镜手术成功率。     

急性结石性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术时机选择及中转开腹的影响因素研究

目的 探讨采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术对急性结石性胆囊炎患者治疗的最佳时机选择及影响中转开腹的因素.方法 回顾性分析2009年3月～2013年5月来我院进行治疗的288例急性结石性胆囊炎患者的临床资料,按照患者从症状发作到接受手术的时间进行分组,Ⅰ组93例患病时间在48 h内,Ⅱ组86例患病介于48～72 h之间,Ⅲ组66例患病超过72 h,Ⅳ组43例患者择期手术.结果 四组术后并发症发生率不具有显著性差异（P＞0.05）.Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组中转开腹率高于Ⅰ组,手术时间长于Ⅰ组（P＜0.05）,Ⅱ组及Ⅳ组中转开腹率低于Ⅲ组,手术时间短于Ⅲ组（P＜0.05）.体温≥38℃患者、有胆囊肿大、右上腹肌紧张、白细胞计数≥15.0×109/L、胆囊壁厚度≥6 mm、有胆囊颈部结石嵌顿及手术时机＞48 h的患者具有较高的中转开腹率（P＜0.05）.白细胞计数及手术时机为腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的影响因素（P＜0.05）.结论 症状发作后48 h内为急性结石性胆囊炎患者采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术的最佳时机,影响中转开腹的两个独立危险因素为白细胞计数及手术时机的选择.     

腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除术治疗老年急性胆囊炎的对比研究

目的探讨腹腔镜治疗老年急性胆囊炎的可行性与应用价值。方法老年急性胆囊炎213例患者随机分为腹腔镜胆囊切除术124例（腹腔镜组）和开腹胆囊切除术89例（开腹组）,比较两组手术的手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床时间、术后排气时间、抗菌素使用时间、置引流管、腹腔引流量、切口感染率、住院时间、住院综合费用。结果213例老年急性胆囊炎患者均手术成功,两组病例除置引流管例数、腹腔引流量、二项指标无显著差异外,余8项指标腹腔镜组明显优于开腹手术组,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论腹腔镜手术治疗老年急性胆囊炎与开腹手术比较,具有手术时间短,创伤小,术后恢复快,并发症少,住院时间短和切口感染率低等优点,是老年急性胆囊炎的首选手术治疗方法。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的危险因素分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗急性胆囊炎(AC)中转开腹的危险因素。方法回顾性分析104例腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎的临床资料。采用χ2检验分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹与患者的年龄、病理类型、胆囊壁厚度、胆囊周围粘连以及体重指数之间的危险度。结果 81例顺利完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术治愈,23例中转开腹。统计发现中转开腹率在年龄≥60岁者显著高于年龄<60岁,体重指数≥24.0高于体重指数<24.0,坏疽性胆囊炎高于其他病理类型(P<0.05),胆囊壁增厚以及胆囊周围粘连者中转开腹几率增大,其比值比(OR)分别为5.87、4.76、3.11、9.23、10.06,与性别及是否存在并存病无明显相关性。结论急性坏疽性胆囊炎,体重指数≥24.0、胆囊壁增厚、胆囊周围粘连以及年龄≥60岁是腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的危险因素。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术转开腹的危险因素分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术转开腹的主要危险因素。方法回顾分析住院接受腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者1200例临床资料,其中中转开腹112例患者作为观察组,选取同期手术成功120例患者作为对照组。采用χ2检验和Logistic回归对腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的主要危险因素进行分析。结果胆囊壁厚度（≥0.4cm）、胆囊炎发作到手术时间（≥72h）、胆囊三角的清晰度、血清总胆红素（≥17μmol/L）、胆囊结石嵌顿以及墨菲氏征阳性均为胆囊切除术中转开腹的危险因素。结论正确认识腹腔镜胆囊切除术的危险因素对降低手术中转开腹具有重要意义。     

复杂胆囊结石患者行腹腔镜胆囊次全切除术的临床疗效观察

目的 观察复杂胆囊结石患者行腹腔镜胆囊次全切除术的临床疗效.方法 按入院先后顺序将186例复杂性胆囊结石患者随机分为观察组与对照组,每组93例.观察组给予腹腔镜下胆囊次全切除术,对照组给予腹腔镜下逆行胆囊切除术.统计并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、中转开腹率、腹腔引流量、住院时间及术后并发症发生情况等各项临床指标.结果 观察组的手术时间[（83.6±17.8）min]短于对照组[（115.2±19.7）min],术中出血量[（91.4±21.5）ml]也少于对照组[（112.0±38.6）ml],组间比较,差异具有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;观察组的中转开腹率（3.2％）、腹腔引流量[（116.5±32.1）ml]、住院时间[（6.1±1.1）d]、并发症发生率（7.5％）,与对照组的中转开腹率（2.1％）、腹腔引流量[（110.3±30.5）ml]、住院时间[（6.7±1.2）d]、并发症发生率（8.6％）相似,组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 腹腔镜下次全胆囊切除术治疗复杂胆囊结石的手术效果与腹腔镜下逆行胆囊切除术相仿,但手术时间更短,术中出血量更少,疗效显著,值得临床推广应用.     

影响急性结石性胆囊炎患者腹腔镜手术中转开腹的因素分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨影响急性结石性胆囊炎患者腹腔镜手术中转开腹的因素。方法 选取入院行急性结石性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术的患者600例,根据临床症状发生至开始腹腔镜手术时间间隔分为A组、B组、C组,每组各200例,三组手术时间分别为症状发作48h内和48h后、行抗感染及对症支持等保守治疗至症状缓解1~2周,记录三组手术时间、术中出血量、术后腹腔引流量、并发症发生率、中转开腹率,并将中转开腹患者117例纳入观察组,其余483例纳入对照组,比较两组临床资料,分析影响中转开腹的独立危险因素。结果 B组手术时间、术中出血量、术后腹腔引流量与A、C组比较均明显较高(P<005);A组中转开腹率、并发症发生率均较B、C组低(P<005);观察组体温、白细胞计数、胆囊壁厚度、手术时间、胆囊颈部结石嵌顿、胆囊肿大均明显高于对照组(P<005)。Logistic回归分析显示白细胞计数、手术时机、胆囊颈部结石嵌顿是影响患者中转开腹的独立危险因素(P<005)。结论 急性结石性胆囊炎发作后48h内是进行腹腔镜手术的最佳时机,白细胞计数、手术时机、胆囊颈部结石嵌顿是影响中转开腹的独立危险因素,应综合考虑提高腹腔镜手术成功率。     

急性结石性胆囊炎患者腹腔镜手术时机选择及中转开腹的影响因素

目的 探讨急性结石性胆囊炎患者腹腔镜手术时机选择及中转开腹的影响因素.方法 回顾性分析2018年10月至2019年11月本院收治的105例行腹腔镜手术的急性结石性胆囊炎患者的临床资料,根据发病至手术用时分为早期组(n=53)和晚期组(n=52).早期组发病至手术用时<48 h,晚期组发病至手术用时≥48 h.比较两组患者手术相关指标、并发症发生率及中转开腹情况,并采用单因素、多因素分析急性结石性胆囊炎患者腹腔镜手术中转开腹的影响因素.结果 早期组手术时间短于晚期组,术中失血量少于晚期组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组并发症发生率、中转开腹率比较差异无统计学意义.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁、WBC计数>15×109/L、胆囊壁厚度≥5 mm为影响患者中转开腹的独立危险因素(P<0.05).结论 急性结石性胆囊炎患者发作后48 h内行腹腔镜胆囊手术更利于缩短手术时间、降低术中出血量,但对于年龄≥60岁、WBC计数>15×109/L、胆囊壁厚度≥5 mm的患者应制定预防措施以减少中转开腹.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.