接骨草的化学成分与药理活性研究进展

接骨草Sambucus chinensis Lindl.为忍冬科接骨木属植物,为我国传统中草药,含有黄酮、三萜、甾体和苯丙素类等多种化合物,具有抗肝炎、抗菌消炎、活血化瘀、镇痛等广泛的药理活性,开发利用价值很高。本文综述了接骨草化学成分和药理作用的研究进展,并对未来的研究做了展望。     

畲药白山毛桃根的药理及应用研究

摘要白山毛桃根是畲族民间常用药物之一,主要含有三萜、黄酮、甾醇、糖类、微量元素、挥发油、木脂素等成分;该药具有抗肿瘤、免疫调节、抗炎和抗氧化等多种药理作用。本文就近年对其药理作用及应用研究做一简要介绍,为进一步研究提供理论依据。     

文冠果果壳化学成分与生物活性研究进展

通过国内外文献调研显示,文冠果果壳中的化学成分主要有三萜、多酚(包括黄酮、酚酸、香豆素等)、甾醇、生物碱等。文冠果果壳的生物活性主要包括改善学习记忆功能、抗癌、抑制酪氨酸酶、治疗心脑血管疾病、抗氧化、抗炎和抑制胰脂肪酶活性等。其中文冠果壳苷(xanthoceraside)是文冠果果壳中量最高的三萜皂苷类成分,具有多种显著的生物活性。文冠果果壳作为文冠果榨油等使用的废弃物,具有进一步开发利用的药用价值。     

黄连花中的三萜皂甙和醌式色素的抗真菌和细胞毒作用研究

报春花科植物被广泛用于治疗多种疾病,其中排草属植物被认为具有抗炎、镇痛、抗肿瘤形成等功效。黄连花(Lysimachia vulgaris)用于治疗腹泻、发热和溃疡,其主要成分有黄酮、甾醇、酚酸及鞣酸等。本篇从黄连花中提取并鉴定了一种三萜皂甙,在体外能够对多种肿瘤细胞株产生细胞毒作     

山茱萸化学成分及药理作用研究新进展

山茱萸临床应用广泛,具有多种药理作用,针对近年来山茱萸的化学成分、药理作用研究情况进行综述。发现山茱萸中的主要药效成分为环烯醚萜及其苷、三萜、黄酮、鞣质、有机酸、多糖等,目前针对山茱萸化学成分的研究多集中在环烯醚萜及其苷、三萜及多糖类。山茱萸可以作用在机体的多个方面,但主要作用集中在免疫系统、循环系统、神经系统及泌尿系统,具有抗肿瘤、保护心肌、降血糖、调节骨代谢、保护神经元、抗氧化、保护肝脏、调控视黄醇、抗衰老、抗炎等多种药理作用。     

民族药小花清风藤化学成分及药理活性研究进展

小花清风藤是布依族、苗族药物,民间用药历史悠久。小花清风藤的主要活性成分包括五环三萜、生物碱、黄酮、苯丙素、酰胺、挥发油等多种化学成分。具有抗氧化、保肝作用、抗流感病毒、治疗类风湿性关节炎等药理活性。文章通过对小花清风藤植物的化学成分和药理作用进行综述,为小花清风藤的进一步开发和利用提供研究依据。     

白头翁中三萜皂苷类成分的药理研究进展

白头翁是一味用于治疗热毒血痢、温疟寒热、鼻衄、血痔的中药,其主要成分为五环三萜皂苷类,分属于齐墩果烷型和羽扇豆烷型。研究表明,白头翁三萜皂苷具有多种药理活性,包括抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗血吸虫、增强免疫等药理作用。该文综述白头翁三萜皂苷类成分的药理研究进展。     

文冠果的化学成分及药理活性研究进展

文冠果为无患子科植物,单属单种,是我国特有的珍稀木本油料植物.近年来从其种仁、外果壳、枝干中发现大量的活性成分,如三萜、黄酮、苯丙素、酚酸、甾类、生物碱等.药理研究显示其三萜类成分具有改善学习记忆、促进神经生长因子(NGF)介导的神经突触生长、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗HIV等多种活性.经系统文献调研对文冠果在化学成分、药理活性等方面的研究进展进行了综述,为深入认识该植物,并为后续研究提供参考.     

苗药囊拜破化学成分及药理作用研究进展

目的:分析归纳苗药囊拜破化学及药理方面的研究。方法:查阅国内外文献,整理分析囊拜破所含化学成分、结构类型及药理作用。结果:囊拜破含二萜、三萜、单萜、黄酮、多糖等多类化合物,且产地不同呈现差异性;具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗突变等药理作用。结论:囊拜破中含有多种抗肿瘤成分,可望研发出新的抗癌药,应用于临床,造福于人类。     

滨蒿化学成分研究

滨蒿Artemisia scopariaWaldst·et kit·为菊科蒿属植物,是中药茵陈的植物来源之一,具有清热利湿、利胆退黄之功效,临床上广泛用于治疗黄疸、肝炎等疾病[1]。滨蒿含有多种化学成分,类型涉及香豆素、黄酮、有机酸、烯炔、三萜、甾体和醛酮[2],其中的6,7-二甲氧基香豆素等多种成分具有利胆保肝活性。本研究对菌陈带花蕾的干燥地上部分进行了化学成分研究,从中分离鉴定了4个化合物,分别为正三十二烷醇(n-dotriacontanol,1);棕榈酸....     

茅莓及其含药血清对K562白血病细胞抑制作用的实验研究

目的：观察茅莓及其含药血清体内及体外对K562细胞的抑制增殖作用。方法：通过建立荷白血病瘤裸鼠模型,观察不同浓度的茅莓水煎液对荷白血病瘤裸鼠瘤体体积、重量、组织病理学改变的影响;通过半固体琼脂培养观察不同浓度的茅莓含药血清对K562细胞集落生长的抑制作用;通过MTT法观察不同浓度的含药血清对K562白血病细胞的抑制增殖作用。结果：茅莓水煎液高、中、低剂量组瘤体体积、瘤重均较模型对照组明显减少;茅莓水煎液组及阿糖胞苷（Ara—c）组光镜下可见多个坏死灶,瘤细胞肿胀、破裂,细胞核溶解,消失等现象。终浓度为10％和20％的含药血清做琼脂半固体集落培养,显示随着浓度增加,K562细胞集落形成明显减少,抑制作用呈刺量依赖性,MTT法显示终浓度10％和20％含药血清能明显抑制K562细胞增殖。结论：茅莓在荷白血病瘤裸鼠体内具有显著抑制瘤体生长的作用,在一定浓度下,其含药血清对K562细胞也有明显的抑制增殖作用。     

黑树莓花青素联合奥沙利铂或喜树碱通过Akt信号通路协同增强结直肠癌化疗药物的治疗效果及作用机制研究

目的 探究黑树莓花青素联合奥沙利铂或喜树碱在结直肠癌细胞和氧化偶氮甲烷（azoxymethane,AOM）诱导的结直肠癌模型小鼠中的协同作用。方法 结直肠癌细胞系SW480和Caco-2给予黑树莓花青素、奥沙利铂或喜树碱进行干预,AOM诱导的结直肠癌模型小鼠给予黑树莓花青素或奥沙利铂进行干预。采用MTT法检测黑树莓花青素联合奥沙利铂或喜树碱对结直肠癌细胞增殖的影响;采用Western blotting法检测结直肠癌细胞和小鼠肠上皮细胞中蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt)信号通路相关蛋白表达;采用苏木素-伊红（HE）染色检测小鼠结肠组织病理变化。结果 黑树莓花青素与奥沙利铂或喜树碱联合使用可显著抑制SW480和Caco-2细胞的增殖（P<0.05、0.01、0.001）;黑树莓花青素与奥沙利铂联合使用显著改善结直肠癌模型小鼠的状态,增加小鼠体质量,减少肠道肿瘤数量（P<0.01）;黑树莓花青素可能通过下调Akt信号通路相关蛋白的表达进而增强化疗药物的治疗效果（P<0.01、0.001）。结论 黑树莓花青素可以协同增加奥沙利铂或喜树碱的抗肿瘤作用。     

覆盆子盐制前后化学成分及药效学变化研究

目的比较覆盆子盐制前后化学成分及药效变化,初步探讨覆盆子盐制增强补肾固涩的作用机制。方法采用HPLC法测定覆盆子盐制前后鞣花酸及黄酮含量的变化;利用腺嘌呤复制肾阳虚多尿大鼠模型,并检测覆盆子不同炮制品对其醛固酮(ALD)、尿量和脏器指数的影响;采用煎煮法比较炮制对浸出率的影响。结果比较HPLC图谱发现覆盆子经盐制后,鞣花酸含量增加,并有共有峰吸收增强,且新增一个化合物(峰S);比较炮制前后浸出物的出膏率发现,盐制后的出膏率增加;与模型组比较,盐覆盆子能显著增加模型大鼠的醛固酮(ALD)(P<0.05),覆盆子生品和盐制品均有显著的缩尿作用(P<0.05),且盐制品的效果更佳(P<0.01),盐覆盆子组的肾和睾丸指数与模型组比较均具有显著改善作用(P<0.05)。结论覆盆子盐制后能增加鞣花酸含量,且峰数量增加;并对腺嘌呤所致肾阳虚多尿模型大鼠的醛固酮(ALD)、尿量和肾脏指数有显著改善作用。     

The effects of pH and rat intestinal contents on the liberation of ellagic acid from purified and crude ellagitannins.

This study was undertaken to measure the liberation in vitro of ellagic acid [2], a naturally occurring inhibitor of carcinogenesis, from precursor ellagitannins under conditions found in the gut tract. Enzymes, namely beta-glucosidase, esterases, and alpha-amylase, were incubated with raspberry extract. In addition, raspberry extract and casuarictin [1] were treated at different pH's and with the contents of small intestine and cecum from rats fed AIN-76A diet. The esterase activity of the enzyme samples was measured spectrophotometrically using p-nitrophenol acetate as the substrate, and the amount of ellagic acid [2] released from all samples was analyzed by hplc. The hydrolysis of the ellagitannins was not catalyzed by any of the purified enzymes tested, and components of the raspberry extract were found to inhibit the purified esterases noncompetitively. Casuarictin [1] was hydrolyzed to yield high quantities of ellagic acid [2] when placed in buffer at pH 7 and 8, or when incubated with cecal contents for two hours. The release of ellagic acid [2] from the raspberry extract was optimal at pH 8, and maximal release in cecal contents occurred with 1 h. Small intestinal contents had no significant effect on ellagic acid liberation from either casuarictin [1] or raspberry extract.     

Relaxant activity of raspberry (Rubus idaeus) leaf extract in guinea-pig ileum in vitro

Tea made from the leaves of Rubus idaeus L. (raspberry) has been used for centuries as a folk medicine to treat wounds, diarrhoea, colic pain and as a uterine relaxant. Extracts of dried raspberry leaves prepared with different solvents, (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol) were tested in vitro for relaxant activity on transmurally stimulated guinea-pig ileum. The methanol (MeOH) extract exhibited the largest response and also indicated that the active compounds are of a relatively polar nature. Hence the bulk of the leaves were extracted with methanol and the dried extract fractionated on a silica gel column, eluting with chloroform, mixtures of chloroform and methanol and finally methanol. Each fraction was examined by thin layer chromatography and tested for relaxant activity in an in vitro transmurally stimulated guinea-pig ileum preparation. The fractions eluted with chloroform (CHCl(3)) lacked relaxant activity. Samples eluted with CHCl(3)/MeOH (95:5) had moderate relaxant activity, while a second distinctive peak of activity eluted with a more polar solvent mixture (CHCl(3)/MeOH 50:50) provided strong dose dependent responses. Evidence was obtained that there are at least two components of raspberry leaf extract which exhibit relaxant activity in an in vitro gastrointestinal preparation.     

Clinical observations on several meridian loci in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis in comparison with those in female neurovegetative disorder, pregnancy, and the steroid side-effects syndrome.

Patients with chronic hepatitis showed various grades of the pinch-pressure pain (P-p pain) at the right Ch'ü-Ch'üan (Li-8) locus. Sometimes the P-p pain also appeared at the left locus (Li-8) as well, but in such cases the tendency is towards a stronger reactivity at the right side than at the left, and the P-p pain does not appear at the left side alone. These findings offer a noticeable contrast to those seen in pregnant women and in steroid-treated patients affected with an obvious side effect where the stronger reactivity is to be seen at the left rather than at the right. The P-p pain grades were inclined to decrease in severe cases, especially in liver cirrhosis. In general, the variability of the P-p pain of grades correlated well with the process of the findings of the liver function test and of the chief subjective complaints. Therefore, the P-p pain test is useful for the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis. Regarding the grade distribution patterns of P-p pain at the Li-8, LI-4, LI-11, and SI-11 loci, patients with chronic hepatitis showed a pattern of higher grades of P-p pain reactivity at the right Li-8 and SI-11 loci, and at the left LI-4 and LI-11 loci, while patients with the so-called female neurovegetative disorder, pregnant women, and patients affected with steroid side-effects showed a perfectly reversed reactivity pattern. These findings can be useful for the differentiation between chronic hepatitis and those groups of diseases showing subjective signs deceptively similar to those of chronic hepatitis and those groups of diseases showing subjective signs deceptively similar to those of chronic hepatitis. The comparison of the skin temperature between the right and the left loci showed lower levels at the right than at the left, and the comparison of the skin pH between the both sides showed a more elevated level at the right than at the left. The mechanisms of these phenomena are discussed and what seems to be the most appropriate explanation at present is offered.     

覆盆子盐制前后对肾阳虚多尿大鼠肾脏改善作用研究

目的比较覆盆子盐制前后对肾阳虚多尿模型大鼠血清中CAMP和CGMP的影响及其对肾脏病理变化的改善作用。方法采用腺嘌呤200 mg·kg^-1复制肾阳虚多尿大鼠模型,比较覆盆子盐制前后对大鼠血清cAMP和cGMP及肾脏病理变化的影响。结果与正常组相比,模型组的cAMP显著下降(P<0.05),cGMP显著升高(P<0.01),覆盆子盐制高剂量组与模型组比较差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);且与生品组比较,盐制覆盆子组对升高cAMP,降低cGMP的作用显著增强。同时,模型组大鼠肾脏可见肾小体数量明显减少,肾小管管腔扩大等病理改变。生品低、高剂量组、桂附地黄丸组、盐制覆盆子低高剂量组大鼠肾脏与模型组相比均有不同程度的改善。结论覆盆子对肾阳虚多尿模型大鼠的cAMP及cGMP有一定的调节作用,同时对肾脏病理有一定的改善作用,且以盐制覆盆子效果较佳。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者中医证型特点及分布差异

目的:探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者中医证型特点及分布差异。方法:结合慢性乙型肝炎中医证型研究的文献,对100例慢性乙型肝炎患者症状体征、中医证型分布差异及特点进行调查。结果:慢性乙型肝炎患者中医证以肝郁脾虚型为主,湿热型次之,肝肾阴虚型又次之,瘀血阻络型所占比例较肝肾阴虚型小,脾肾阳虚型最为少见,其中,湿热为各证型的主要兼夹因素,暗红舌、红舌和腻苔是慢性乙型肝炎患者的主要舌象。患者的症状体征(胁痛、口苦、腹胀、食欲低下、舌苔腻等)积分在各证型中分布有显著性差异(P0.05)。ALT、AST均以湿热中阻型为最高,与其他证型相比,差异有显著性。结论:湿热因素贯穿于慢性乙肝患者的不同阶段,正气亏虚是湿热毒邪侵扰的内在基础。     

神农乙肝膏治疗慢性乙肝临床观察

[目的]探讨用神农乙肝膏治疗慢性乙肝的临床疗效。[方法]选择90例慢性乙肝患者,随机分为治疗组65例,对照组25例。治疗组在基本治疗基础上,给予神农乙肝膏肝区外敷,3月后进行疗效评价。[结果]治疗组与对照组相比,肝区疼痛、乏力纳差持续时间有显著性差异。[结论]神农乙肝膏治疗慢性病毒性肝炎所致肝区疼痛、乏力纳差,有明显的临床效果,值得进一步研究、推广。     

疏肝化瘀解毒法在慢性乙型肝炎治疗中的应用

慢性乙型肝炎是一类具有全球流行性的传染性疾病,中医多将其归于"胁痛"、"黄疸"、"郁证"、"癥积"等范畴。笔者认为其主要病机为肝郁气滞,瘀毒互结,而疏肝化瘀解毒为治疗慢性乙型肝炎的重要法则。文章以四逆散和犀角地黄汤随证加减,应用于临床,取得较好的疗效。